不公平贸易浅析——基于发展中国家对华反倾销问题

近年来,我国出口产品遭受发展中国家反倾销案件呈上升趋势,成为困扰我国外贸发展的重要因素。因此,深入分析发展中国家对华反倾销的特点及动因,采取正确的应对之策,才能提高我国产品在发展中国家的市场占有率。拓展发展中国家市场。     

发展中国家对华反倾销的新动向以及应对之策

近年来,受美欧债“双重”危机的影响,以反倾销,反补贴“双反”形式的全球性贸易保护主义呈现重新抬头之势。发展中国家紧步欧美发达国家的后尘,对华反倾销调查,呈现逐年增长态势。这无疑对我国对外贸易的健康发展造成了巨大困扰和冲击。因此,深入研究发展中国家对我国发起反倾销的新特点及深层次原因,采取科学应对之策,对我国企业实施“走出去”战略,具有重大的现实意义。     

发展中国家对华反倾销的成因及我国对策

近年来,随着中国在世界贸易中的地位不断提高和中国对外贸易顺差的不断扩大,中国与发展中国家的贸易摩擦也急剧上升。本文通过引入虚拟变量,建立代表性国家对华反倾销案件数与其对华贸易开放度和虚拟变量的的二元线性回归模型,显示发展中国家对华反倾销是其对华贸易开放度和国家的发展水平呈现相关性,并在以上分析的基础上,结合中国对外经济贸易的现状,提出了中国应对发展中国家反倾销的对策。     

发展中国家对华反倾销的影响实证分析

在全球反倾销调查趋于下降的情况下,中国面临的反倾销形势依然严峻,发展中国家逐渐成为对华反倾销的主体.本文分析了发展中国家对华反倾销的影响,并提出相应对策.     

发展中国家对华反倾销成因分析

本文针对当前发展中国家对华反倾销急剧增加的情况,结合发展中国家经济政治方面的特点,以新颖的角度将发展中国家对华反倾销的成因划分为经济原因、政治原因和我国机制原因并逐一分析,为预警机制的建立奠定了基础。     

发展中国家对华反倾销分析

近年来,随着我国经济的迅猛发展和出口的快速增长,出口产品遭受发展中国家反倾销案件呈明显上升趋势,涉案金额也在不断刷新,给我国企业出口的可持续发展带来至关重要的影响.因此,深入了解和把握发展中国家对华反倾销的现状及原因,充分运用世贸组织规则,采取正确的应对之策,已成为保护我国企业和国家利益的一项重要课题.     

积极应对国外对华反倾销

改革开放以来，我国对外贸易不断增长，国际贸易地位日益提升。“九五”期间我国货物出口年均增长10.9%，进口年均增长11.3%，大大超过同期世界贸易额的增长速度，我国在世界货物贸易中的排名已由1995年第11位上升到了2000年的第7位，但在同时，国际上一些国家尤其是西方国家频频指控我国出口商品倾销，并将我国的出口商品作为反倾销的主要目标，成为我国企业参与国际竞争的严重障碍，因此，了解和掌握有关国际贸易的反倾销理论和法规，研究分析国外对华反倾销的现状及原因，对于消除我国对外贸易障碍，参与国际竞争，具有重要的现实意义。     

国外对华反倾销的背景及对策

随着世界经济全球化步伐加快,关税逐步降低,非关税壁垒逐步减少,反倾销逐步演化成世界各国维护公平贸易环境、抵制不公平竞争的重要手段,但随着国际市场竞争加剧,反倾销也成了贸易保护主义的工具,目前,我国已成为反倾销最大的受害国,自1978年欧共体对我国进行第一例反倾销调查以来,截止到2001年3月底,共有29个国家和地区对中国产品发起反倾销调查,共计422起,根据世界贸易组织统计,我国已成为世界上出口产品受到反倾销调查最多的国家。     

国外对华反倾销走势及预报

一些企业认为,中国加入WTO后将被视为市场经济国,参与世界公平贸易竞争,国外针对中国产品的反倾销诉讼会大幅度减少,这种想法未免有些幼稚,事实上,加入WTO只不过是为我国提供了一个机会,使得我国可以利用WTO规则解决国外对华反倾销中的不公正待遇,而且,国外对华反倾销诉讼不仅不会减少,还会呈增长的势头,其主要原因如下。     

发展中国家对华反倾销的新动向分析

经济全球化使国际贸易领域的竞争与摩擦加剧,随着中国贸易大国地位的确立,越来越多的发展中国家对华产品进行反倾销,而且采取的制裁措施比发达国家更严厉,使我国遭受了巨大的经济损失。这种严峻形势要求我国企业必须对发展中国家对华反倾销的现状、原因有清楚的认识,并在此基础上进行有效的措施来应对发展中国家的对华反倾城倾销,这样才能更有效地拓展发展中国家市场。     

发展中国家对发达国家直接投资模式探索

随着经济全球化下企业竞争优势来源的转变,发展中国家企业特有优势的局限性导致单一资产利用型的"南南"投资不能达到生产要素高层次合理化配置的效果.而本文所提出的创造性资产与市场寻求型对外直接投资对于改善这一问题具有很大的参考价值,在深入分析的基础上,本文进一步提出"SDAP优势论"作为创造性资产与市场寻求型对外直接投资模式的理论框架,用来阐述发展中国家企业实行这种投资模式所需要的四个关键因素,并以中国企业的实践为例证实了该理论的可行性.     

From the relative to the absolute digital divide in developing countries

This paper argues that the literature on the digital divide is based heavily on relative rather than absolute magnitudes, although the latter has more welfare significance. It is clear that the former concept has been falling sharply in recent years yet such calculations have not been made for the absolute divide. One contribution of this paper is to redress this gap in the literature for both mobile phones and the Internet using a sample of more than sixty countries. The results tend to be broadly consistent with findings from the literature on the adoption and diffusion of IT in developing countries generally and Africa in particular.     

The impact of patent protection on US pharmaceutical exports to developing countries

This article provides evidence that patent protection can have a positive effect on trade, by analysing the impact of the implementation of intellectual property rights (IPR) in developing countries on the US exports of pharmaceutical products, following intense lobbying efforts from the US pharmaceutical industry to have the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement included in the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). A gravity model using panel data from 1995 to 2010 suggests that the implementation of minimum standards of patent protection has increased US exports of pharmaceuticals to 108 nonadvanced countries.     

Ownership structure and access to finance in developing countries

Microsurvey data are used to explore the impact of ownership structure and other firm-specific characteristics on firms’ access to finance in 136 developing countries. The analysis uses a consistent and large data set from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys (ESs). The results show that ownership structure is a significant predictor of firms’ access to finance but with qualifications. Specifically, private and foreign ownership are more robust predictors of firms financing constraints in developing countries, whilst government ownership and large owners appear significant in accordance with the controlling conditions and mostly in low-income countries. The predictive power and direction of firms’ ownership structure is mitigated by both the specific characteristics of firms and the manner in which country-level factors affect the level of economic and financial activity in a country as well as the individual and social behaviour towards financial contracting.     

The determinants of the geographical allocation of EC aid to the developing countries

This paper examines the economic rationale of the EC's aid policy towards the LDCs. A multiple linear regression is conducted on the ECs flows of aid to 62 LDCs during the 1975–80 period, using two alternative models, one trying to explain the ECs pattern of geographical allocation of aid using variables that assess the needs of the recipients and another using variables that asseses the interests of the EC. The results show that the EC multilateral aid to the LDCs is more motivated by the needs of the recipients in terms of their current account balance of payments and their state of basic human needs as these are assessed by the physical Quality of Life Index(PQLI). An important consideration, however, is also given to Community export interests and to a tendency not to allocate aid to security-sensitive countries. It is also demonstrated that in the second half of the 1970s an emphasis persited on francophone LDCs. By comparison, bilateral aid distributed by the EC member states has been motivated to a greater extend by their export interests although balance-of-payments considerations continue to be important. The overall profile of Europeon aid allocation (EC multilateral and member states' bilateral)is more affected by the determinants of the latter, as the sums involved are much greater.     

进口反倾销:特点、成效与对策

从1997年12月我国第一起反倾销调查案件———新闻纸案到2004年11月30日,我国共对进口产品发起34次反倾销调查(不包括复审调查),涉案金额累计约60亿美元。若根据WTO的涉及一国或地区算一起案件的统计口径,我国共发起原始反倾销调查108起。我国反倾销调查呈现以下特点:第一,加入WTO后,反倾销调查力度进一步加强,初步发挥贸易政策工具的功能。1997年至2001年底我国加入WTO前的5年中,反倾销立案12起;而从2001年底我国加入WTO后至今3年的时间内,反倾销立案22起。上述对比表明,加入WTO后,由于我国进口关税进一步降低,非关税壁垒进一步削减,…     

创新全球化及其对发展中国家科技政策的挑战

创新全球化产生的背景主要有两个方面。 1.创新全球化是经济全球化的结果。自20世纪60年代末以来,经济全球化是从广度和深度这两个既相互独立又内在相关的方面展开的。     

Efficiency effect of privatization in the developing countries

Privatization gained considerable momentum in the developing world in the 1980s. The motives were many, but the hope for higher economic efficiency underlined the expectations of the implementing governments and agencies in the developing countries. While the merits of a market-based economic system are well established under certain theoretical conditions, far less is known of its empirical relevance in the developing world. Yet, to the best of the author's knowledge, no empirical study has examined the macro-efficiency effect of privatization in the developing countries. Studies concerned with this issue often limit themselves to the impact of privatization at the firm level for a small number of companies and countries. Thus, the current study is an attempt to provide a systematic quantitative measure of the magnitude of the macroeconomic effect of privatization in 45 developing countries. Using the concept of frontier production function, efficiency differences between developing countries with differing degrees of private sector contribution in the economy are estimated. The empirical findings suggest, ceteris paribus, that developing countries can increase the utility of their national resources by approximately 45% simply by converting to market-based economies.     

FDI技术外溢对发展中国家的影响

随着科学技术的突飞猛进,企业的技术水平已成为制约其跨国竞争能力提高的重要瓶颈。利用外国直接投资(FDI )的技术外溢提升本国企业的技术水平,是当前多数发展中国家的愿望,也是我国“以市场换技术”引资政策的重要依据之一。近几十年来,FDI 的技术外溢问题一直备受学术界关注,并直接影响了许多发展中国家在跨国公司直接投资问题上的态度。FDI 技术 外溢的原因FDI 技术外溢是外商直接投资在东道 国的 生产经营 活动 的 副产品。联合国贸发会议 2001 年《世界投资报告》指出,FDI 可能产生的外溢主要包括:工艺(技术)溢出、非关联企业的…