Order aggressiveness of institutional and individual investors

This paper investigates the determinants of the order aggressiveness of institutional and individual investors on the Australian Stock Exchange. Utilizing a proprietary data set that identifies institutional and individual order submissions, we document that the institutional and individual investors become more aggressive when the same-side (opposite-side) market depth increases (decreases). When the spread widens, both individual and institutional investors tend to become less aggressive. Institutional investors are more aggressive in the opening hour of the trading day, while individual investors are less aggressive initially and increase their order aggressiveness during the rest of the trading day.     

Trading patterns of big versus small players in an emerging market: An empirical analysis

This study uses a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to examine interdependencies among institutional investors, big individual investors, and small individual investors, and the effects of their trading on stock returns on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE). The results imply that, during the sample period, big individual investors are the most well informed players; their trading affects not only stock returns but also small individual investors. Small individual investors are not well informed and are slow learners. Their orders to trade tend to provide liquidity to institutional and big individual investors, but there is no compensation for their liquidity services. We find that institutional investors follow neither positive-feedback nor negative-feedback trading strategies. Overall, the responses to shocks, except for those of small individual investors, decay quickly, indicating that the TSE can absorb shocks quickly and efficiently. Our analysis implies that small individual investors would be better off institutionalizing their investment decisions (e.g., by investing in mutual funds).     

中美比较视域下个人所得税制演进逻辑与改革效应

美国个人所得税制历经百年发展,其税制模式、税率结构以及费用扣除等方面日臻成熟、完善,且充分体现了宏观经济和社会发展的要求,发挥了较好的财政收入和收入再分配职能。比较分析中美两国个人所得税演进逻辑及改革效应,可以看出中国个人所得税制有待完善。借鉴美国税制模式,改革与完善中国个人所得税制的方向为:逐步向"综合个人所得税制"转变;降低税率的档次和边际税率;完善费用扣除制度;加大税收征管力度等。     

个人住房抵押贷款借款人产品选择行为

1998年至今,中国个人住房抵押贷款市场迅速成长,并呈现出持续增长趋势。从完善个贷服务、降低金融风险的角度出发,深入研究借款人个贷产品选择行为具有现实意义。本文以2001年北京个贷市场实际交易数据为基础,采用二元Logit选择模型,定量分析经济因素、借款人个体属性和个贷产品属性对借款人个贷期限和贷款价值比选择行为的影响。实证研究发现,借款人性别对其个贷产品选择的影响并不显著;高收入借款人相对于中低收入借款人更倾向高比例中短期贷款;购置高价住宅的借款人相对于购置中低价格住宅的借款人更倾向选择中低比例长期贷款;未婚借款人更倾向高比例贷款;年轻借款人和高等教育程度借款人更倾向长期贷款。此外,本文结合对特定人群房价收入比的分析,探讨造成借款人选择行为差异的可能原因。本文基本结论为,借款人个贷期限和贷款价值比选择行为相对合理,不存在绝对高风险人群。     

关于做实养老金个人账户的研究

建立个人账户制度是我国养老金制度改革的关键环节。目前,我国关于个人账户制度的很多举措都在试点中,效果都还有待检验。本文从我国个人账户制度的现状入手,通过分析我国个人账户发展所面临的问题,提出个人账户应该暂缓做实。     

The dynamics of individual and institutional trading on the Shanghai Stock Exchange

We investigate the daily dynamic relation between returns and institutional and individual trades in the emerging Chinese stock market. Consistent with the hypotheses of trend-chasing and attention-grabbing trading, we find that the response of individual trading to return shocks is much stronger than that of institutional trading, and individuals are net buyers following return shocks. Second, we find that past individual buys and sells have predictive power, whereas past institutional buys and sells have predictive power for market returns in longer horizons. However, both institutional and individual trading activities are more strongly related to past trades than past returns, and individual trading is also influenced by institutional trading. Moreover, we find that institutional trading in the largest quintile leads the trading in the smallest quintile, but no such lead–lag relation is found for individual trades. Finally, we find that the average cumulative abnormal trading volume of individuals is much larger than that of institutions around the firms' earnings announcement, suggesting that less-informed individual investors are more heavily influenced by firm-specific information disclosures and attention-grabbing events.     

基本养老保险个人账户做实模式比较及全国实账化

本文首先分析我国个人账户空账运行的背景及原因,并对为什么要做实个人账户,个人账户的重要作用及其面临的风险和挑战进行剖析;其次,总结出三种做实模式可借鉴与应注意之处;最后,借鉴三种模式经验,理论联系实际,提出推进全国实账化的模式选择及政策建议。     

Time-varying risk The case of the American computer industry

A bivariate GARCH-in-mean model for individual stock returns and the market portfolio is designed to model volatility and to test the conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model versus the conditional Residual Risk Model. We find that a univariate model of volatility for individual stock returns is misspecified. A joint modelling of the market return and the individual stock return shows that a major force driving the conditional variances of individual stocks is the history contained in the market return variance. We find that a conditional residual risk model, where the variance of the individual stock return is used to explain expected returns, is preferred to a conditional CAPM. We propose a partial ordering of securities according to their market risk using first and second order dominance criteria.     

监管处罚中的“重师轻所”及其后果:经验证据

在中国证券市场中,监管者对审计师的行政处罚通常采取师所并罚的方式,但也存在重师轻所的情况。后一种做法是否合适,在业内始终存在较大争议,也缺乏相关的经验证据。笔者认为,与师所并罚的方式相比,重师轻所的做法并未对涉案会计师事务所的质量控制体系作出明确警示和惩戒,从而置身于该体系中的事务所负责人(主要施为主体)以及其他未受罚注册会计师(主要承责主体)的审计行为更不可能受到警示和震慑。对2003～2005年间的监管处罚案件的经验分析支持了笔者的观点,从而提供了重师轻所处罚方式具有负面后果的证据。     

城镇企业养老保险个人账户给付期测算研究——基于预期寿命的视角

养老保险个人账户给付期的科学设计是养老保险个人账户制度持续、稳定运行的关键.本文从预期寿命的角度构建了城镇企业职工养老保险个人账户给付期的测算模型,并从分性别和分地区预期寿命角度对养老保险个人账户给付期进行了测算,测算表明我国法定养老保险个人账户给付期设计与预期寿命变化不协调,并导致个人账户超支月数越来越大.可通过适当延长养老保险个人账户给付期、推迟退休年龄提高我国养老保险个人账户制度的运行效率.     

The Time-Series Behavior of IPO Betas

We examine individual IPO betas and provide further evidence that the documented decline in IPO betas results primarily from a seasoning or information effect and not from the delisting of high beta securities. We employ stochastic coefficient regression analysis which permits the estimation of individual IPO betas at all points in time, and therefore avoids disadvantages associated with grouped cross-sectional beta estimates and average individual time-series beta estimates. We find that IPO firms with the lowest betas are more likely to delist, and that individual IPO betas, on average, decline over time which provides support for the information hypothesis.     

The effect of relative performance feedback on individual performance in team settings under group-based incentives*

This study reports the results of an experiment that analyses the behavioural effect of relative performance feedback (RPF) on individual performance when compensation is based on team performance. Specifically, it investigates whether RPF affects individual performance differently when the comparison focuses on other members of that individual’s team (within-group RPF) or on other teams (between-group RPF). We predict a negative effect of within-group RPF on individual performance. We also predict that between-group RPF moderates that negative effect, since it encourages individuals to focus on group goals rather than individual goals. Consistent with our predictions, results show that the negative effect of within-group RPF on individual performance is mitigated by between-group RPF. Our results can help accountants to better understand how the effects of relative performance feedback differ according to the predominant comparison target.     

改进我国个人工资薪金所得税的思考

个人工资薪金所得税是我国个人所得税的主体。我国现行个人工资薪金所得税的税制设计,在一定程度上制约着其功能的发挥。建议在完善我国个人工资薪金所得税功能定位的基础上,结合我国城乡居民的实际收入状况,对个人工资薪金所得税做进一步改进。     

统筹城乡发展视角下的农村老年保障制度模式探索

根据社会保障理论和我国经济社会现实,我国农村老年保障应实行＂332＂模式,即基本保障、补充保障、特殊保障三层保障;国家财政、农民个人、农村集体三方筹资;养老金和老年服务双管齐下。基本保障体现统一性,强制实施,基金由国家财政和农民个人缴费形成;补充保障体现差别性,自愿参加,基金由农村集体和农民个人缴费形成;特殊保障体现福利性,由国家财政和社会捐赠提供基金。     

上海金融人才环境建设的个人所得税政策选择

本文运用所得税和最优个人所得税相关理论,从所得税对金融行业劳动供给的影响出发,结合全球金融中心指数（GFCI）排名权重指标,对世界各主要金融中心在金融人才环境建设方面的个人所得税政策进行比较研究,揭示了对于上海建立国际金融中心个人所得税政策环境的启示。通过分析我国目前个人所得税制与上海金融人才环境建设之间存在的矛盾,提出建立适合我国国情和上海国际金融中心发展模式的我国个人所得税税收管辖权与政策安排。     

论个人住房抵押贷款的风险及防范

随着个人住房抵押贷款业务的蓬勃发展 ,其风险也日益凸现 ,因此个人住房抵押贷款的风险及风险防范也逐渐引起各商业银行的高度重视。从多角度、多因素入手 ,分析个人住房抵押贷款风险形成的原因 ,并针对风险隐患 ,结合国外发展个人住房抵押贷款的成功经验 ,提出具体防范风险的对策。     

个人投资者情绪对企业履行社会责任的影响

基于利益相关者理论,运用多元回归模型,依据2010-2018年度企业社会责任相关数据,将中国A股非金融类上市公司分为重污染企业和非重污染企业,考量个人投资者情绪对企业社会责任的影响.结果显示:个人投资者情绪越积极,企业社会责任履行状况越好;个人投资者情绪治理的效果会受污染异质性影响,相对于非重污染企业而言,个人投资者情绪对于重污染企业社会责任履行的影响更显著.鉴于此,应建立投资者情绪监测机制、鼓励社会责任投资等.     

美国个人所得税征管制度的特点

本文以美国的个人所得税征管制度为研究对象,分析了其显著特点,并通过与美国的比较,分析了我国个人所得税征管的难点,即我国个人所得税征管的信息化程度比较低,无法全面准确地获取纳税人的信息并进行有效的监管。为提高我国个人所得税征管水平,文章提出了建立5个个人所得税信息管理系统的建议。     

基本养老保险个人账户基金管理运营浅析

随着基本养老保险省级统筹的实现和个人账户的逐步做实,我国积累的个人账户基金规模已非常庞大。当前,个人账户基金管理体制存在一些弊端,导致基金难以实现保值增值。应当选择适度集中的个人账户基金管理模式,建立完善的个人账户基金治理结构,适度放松投资限制,加大投资监管力度,建立个人账户基金准备金制度和退出机制,确保个人账户基金既能安全运营又能实现较高投资收益。     

加快建设中国特色第三支柱个人养老金制度:理论探讨与政策选择

第三支柱个人养老金是国家养老金体系的重要支柱,也是中国特色养老金融体系的有机组成部分。建立和发展个人养老金制度有利于缓解养老金领域发展不平衡不充分问题,夯实应对人口老龄化的社会财富储备。个人养老金的核心特征是个人主导和享受财税政策支持。从功能上看,个人养老金是养老金制度补充和收入补充,推动投资养老理念形成并促进资本市场完善。目前的第三支柱个人养老金试点政策在覆盖人群、税优设计和运行流程等方面存在问题,未来应统筹国家三支柱养老金体系建设,重视政府作用的发挥,制定与我国财税体制改革相适应、公平有效的财税政策,充分调动金融机构的积极性,并加强养老金融教育。