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The creation of new firms, referred to as the extensive margin, is a significant but overlooked dimension of monetary policy. A monetary VAR documents that monetary policy has significant effects on firm creation. An analytically tractable model combining sticky prices and firm entry shows that entry alters the transmission of monetary policy innovations, acting much like a type of investment in more standard models. Monetary policy rules that offset the uncertainty of productivity shocks can raise the mean level of entry and thereby welfare, suggesting a new motivation for stabilization policy. 相似文献
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This paper develops a two-country Dynamic General Equilibrium model to assess the relationship between the real exchange rate and the extensive margin of exports. Exchange rate pass-through to consumer prices governs the relative strength of a demand channel onto the exporting decision of a firm. With incomplete pass-through, a favorable movement in the real exchange rate generates increased export participation and an expansion in the extensive margin of exports. This result is consistent with firm-level studies, and contributes to an ongoing empirical debate as to the importance of changes in export participation over the business cycle. 相似文献
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流动性与税制优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王智勇 《中央财经大学学报》2001,(5):24-27,47
税制的优化涉及许多复杂的因素,流动性是其中比较重要的一项,两者之间存在密切的互动关系。税收对价格的扭曲引起资源的流动,从而引起 税基的流动。因而如何通过税权的分享、税基的共享等来消除流动性的不利影响来实现税收的优化具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Endogenous Fertility and the Design of Family Taxation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alessandro Balestrino Alessandro Cigno Anna Pettini 《International Tax and Public Finance》2002,9(2):175-193
The paper innovates on the existing optimal taxation literature by taking fertility as endogenous, and allowing for households to be differentiated by their ability to raise children, as well as by their ability to raise income. In a context where the government cannot observe personal abilities, fertility behaviour conveys a great deal of information about those characteristics, which helps to relax the self-selection constraints on re-distribution. Bi-dimentional household differentiation introduces the possibility that re-distribution will be from households with low utility to households with high utility, and that it may be optimal to accentuate or reverse the sign of laissez-faire utility inequality. Contrary to popular belief, we find that it is not necessarily optimal for the tax system to be so designed that an additional child would lighten the tax burden on his or her parents. If it is, the optimal policy may include an unusual mix of taxes on number of children, subsidies on child-specific commodities, income support for low-wage households, and positive marginal income tax rates for all. 相似文献
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税收法律关系本质上是一种权力-权利关系,是公民等社会个体所有之财产向国家转移的体现,税法的目的在于促进社会整体财产的增长。 相似文献
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Wolfram F. Richter 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(1):23-41
The usual arguments pro destination-based, consumption-oriented or pro origin-based, production-oriented VAT are found wanting. They largely ignore tax effects on locational choices of firms. This paper provides a comparison of consumption and production taxation within a model of firm and household mobility. It is shown that the case for consumption taxation becomes stronger when profit taxes are not available. The consumption tax is the more targeted instrument when households are to be induced to locate efficiently. It is argued that, with border controls lacking, the alternative option should be seen more in a wage tax and less in a production tax. 相似文献
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我国现行税收制度与WTO的要求存在矛盾,应按WTO规则和我国政府的对外承诺全面清理、完善现行税制,调整税收政策思路,提高税收立法级次,加大税收执法透明度,加大税收征管力度,维护国家税收权益. 相似文献
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我国银行业、保险业税种主要包括营业税及附加和企业所得税,以及房产税,车船使用税,印花税,个人所得税等,由于存在税率过高,税负不公平,税制结构欠合理等诸多问题,尽管国务院已决定,自2001年起,我国金融保险业营业税税率每年下调一个百分点,到2003年,金融保险业营业税税率将从目前的8%降为5%,但是,我国银行业,保险业税负过高的问题并未得到根本解决,这在一定程度上,限制了我国银行业,保险业的快速发展,因此,在入世将至的背景下,这些进行分析探讨具有较强的现实意义。 相似文献
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Ian W. H. Parry 《International Tax and Public Finance》2002,9(5):531-552
Recent work emphasizes the efficiency costs of tax deductions that distort the pattern of household spending. Using evidence on the sensitivity of taxable income to tax rates, this work suggests that the marginal welfare cost (MWC) of income taxes in the United States could be dramatically higher because of tax deductions, and might exceed unity. This paper develops an alternative approach for assessing the MWC using evidence on underlying parameters (e.g., labor supply elasticities, the demand elasticity for tax-favored goods). A MWC of around 0.3 to 0.5 seems more consistent with these parameter values, though this estimate is still significantly higher because of tax deductions. 相似文献
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Diderik Lund 《International Tax and Public Finance》2002,9(4):483-503
Traditionally the pre-tax cost of capital is a function of the interest rate and the tax system. However, uncertainty implies that the market's required return is no single interest rate, but depends on risk. Different tax systems split risk differently between firm and government. Thus the required expected return after corporate taxes depends on the tax system. Expressions for this are derived, based on a CAPM-type model. The weighted average cost of capital is decreasing in the tax rate, even for fully equity financed projects. This effect can be substantial, but is neglected in much of the literature. 相似文献
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环境税的立法者必须面对来自技术层面、政治层面和社会层面等因素的制约:为了将环境税的反对者转变为环境税的支持者,环境税的立法者需要采取一定的立法策略并遵循一定的立法原则;为了获得公众的支持,应该考虑分配正义和产业竞争问题;为了让环境税的制定更加科学,应该遵循专款专用原则、补偿原则、公众参与原则和协调原则等. 相似文献
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史明霞 《中央财经大学学报》2008,(9)
财税体制改革是一项关乎各方切实利益的调配过程,不仅关系到各地的经济和社会发展,更关系到中央和地方关系稳定以及宏观调控的效果.本文在理清现行财税体制、指出现行分税制改革成果下所存在的弊端后,提出了深化我国财税体制改革的建议. 相似文献
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The schedular system of income tax in the UK frequently comes under attack, not least in relation to the distinctions it draws between the tax treatment of the employed and the self-employed. However, on examination, it appears that non-schedular systems of taxation share both these distinctions and the difficulties that arise from them, albeit to varying degrees. The division between employed and self-employed is also problematic for social security systems. These difficulties are found, to a greater or lesser extent, in all the jurisdictions studied by the authors. It may be argued that all or some of the tax and social security differences are justified by fundamental economic and legal differences between the nature of employment and self-employment relationships. This may be true where the relationships compared are unambiguously, on the one hand, employment and, on the other, self-employment. However, there have always been non-standard relationships that combine characteristics of both these broad categories. This grey area appears to be increasing with changing work patterns. Consequently, the simple dichotomous system adopted by the UK tax and social security systems has come under pressure. This article considers the problems arising from this situation and some of the ideas that have been put forward to deal with them. JEL classification: H24, K34. 相似文献
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This paper analyzes the impact globalization has on voting for redistributive policies in an increasingly integrated world. It explains why tax competition has so far not led to a significant decline in redistributive taxation. The voting process is considered for the two alternatives of direct democracy and representative democracy. In both regimes, globalization pushes down the scope for redistribution, but this effect is mitigated with political representation, since the electorate votes strategically for a slightly more left-wing politician with stronger preferences for redistribution. Moreover, voting polarizes twice, with respect to governments' preferences for redistribution and to equilibrium tax rates. 相似文献