国有土地租赁法律问题研究综述

较详尽地综述了近年来关于土地租赁的概念、适用范围、权利性质、租金和期限确定,权利流转等问题,并提出今后关于土地租赁制研究应注意的问题.     

土地租赁的两种方式

随着土地使用制度改革的深化,我国土地租赁存在着两种不同的方式。一是国有土地租赁;一是土地使用权出租。国有土地租赁和土地使用权出租都是国有土地有偿使用的方式。在土地管理法规中,国有土地租赁的概念在1998年2月17日发布的《国有企业改革中划拨土地使用权管理暂行规定》(     

租赁配置:为产业供地另辟蹊径

《土地管理法实施条例》第二十九条规定国有土地使用权可以以租赁方式取得。国土资源部印发的《规范国有土地租赁若干意见的通知》(以下简称《通知》)对国有土地租赁的相关制度也进行了规范。上述文件为土地使用权租赁制度奠定了法律基础。但在实践中,以租赁方式配置国有土地使用权却鲜被国土主管部门所采用,这不得不说是制     

试论融资租赁机构的法律地位

融资租赁是租赁的一种形式,也被称为“金融租赁”。按照《合同法》,融资租赁的定义为:出租人根据承租人对出卖人、租赁物的选择,向出卖人购买租赁物,提供给承租人使用,承租人支付租金的交易行为。融资租赁最早起源美国,主要是根据客户需要,从其他生产厂商处购买设备,再租赁给客户使用,这样既解决了客户尽早使用设备的问题,也解决了客户因为资金不足难以一次性全部支付设备价款的问题。作为一种新型金融工具,融资租赁兼有融资和融物的双重职能,在促进企业技术改造、降低企业负债率、盘活企业资产存量、促进消费、提高企业产品竞争力方面有其…     

对租赁准则中最低租赁付款额问题的探讨

本文通过对最低租赁付款额的构成和分析,以及对最低租赁付款额其他相关问题的研究,根据租赁准则指南中对最低租赁付款额的解释,对最低租赁付款额的构成内容重新界定,并对最低租赁付款额加以重新定义。     

销售型租赁的会计处理方法

一、销售型租赁租赁有两种类型,一种为经营性租赁,一种为资本性租赁。销售型租赁是资本性租赁的一种。如果资本性租赁给制造商或经销商带来盈利或者给出租人带来损失,出租人就可以将其视为销售型租赁。一般来说,如果出租人就是产品的制造商,并将租赁作为产品上市的途径,此类租赁即为销售型租赁。如果租赁财产的公允价值大于其成本,那么超出部分就是制造商或经销商的盈利。将一项租赁确定为销售型租赁后,出租人应将租赁财产作为一项投资进行资本化。在租赁开始日,出租人应计算租赁的投资总额,它取决于租赁协议中是否包括廉价选购权…     

新租赁准则对我国航空业财务指标的影响及其对策研究——以春秋航空为例

随着市场经济和租赁行业的发展,我国的租赁业务也日益复杂,这使得旧租赁准则的弊端逐渐暴露,不再适用于当前的经济环境,因此,财政部根据我国租赁市场的实际情况与需求,借鉴了国际新会计租赁准则,在2018年12月发布新租赁准则。本文梳理租赁准则的发展历程,并研究准则变化后对航空企业会产生的影响,以春秋航空为例分析实行新租赁准则的企业可能会受到的影响。     

新租赁准则对租赁企业的影响及对策

租赁业务渗透在社会经济的各行各业,新租赁准则的变化对存在租赁业务的各行各业产生重大影响。本文在详细对比分析新旧租赁准则基础上,以“渤海租赁”为例,研究新租赁准则对该企业资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表以及财务指标的影响,并就企业如何应对新租赁准则的冲击提出对策建议。     

企业会计准则——租赁

1．本准则规范承租人和出租人对融资租赁和经营租赁的会计核算和相关信息的披露。2．本准则不涉及：(1)开采或使用石油、天然气、林木、金属及其他矿产等自然资源的租赁协议；(2)土地使用权的租赁协议；(3)电影、录像、剧本、文稿、专刊和版权等项目的许可使用协议。     

银行系租赁公司共谋发展

2007年3月1日,修订后的《金融租赁公司管理办法》正式实施,这是在商业银行退出租赁行业10多年后的再次进入。本文对金融租赁进行简短介绍,重点阐述商业银行开展融资租赁业务时的融资渠道。     

Barriers and Enablers of Long-term Land Leasing: a Case Study of Northern Ireland

Long-term land leasing offers a viable alternative to land ownership in relation to increasing efficiency of agricultural production, economies of scale, and delivering environmental improvements in terms of land management. However, with no significant tenanted sector in Northern Ireland, access to land via long-term land leasing is limited. This study analysed the barriers and enablers of long-term land leasing. To achieve our objective, we employed a mixed methods approach. The results show that the main barriers to long-term land leasing were environmental concern (around how the land will be managed), inheritance tax implications and the potential effect of long-term land leasing on future succession plans of the farm business. We also found that as much as 70 per cent of the farmers surveyed believe the inclusion of a ‘break clause’ and the introduction of income tax incentives will encourage the adoption of long-term land leasing, while 61 per cent of the farmers stated that the environmental management of the land will encourage long-term land leasing. The study concluded that any model designed to encourage long-term land leasing in Northern Ireland should include clauses which cover the environmental management of the land and break clauses. Income tax incentives for landowners could also be considered.     

Do Chinese farmers benefit from farmland leasing choices? Evidence from a nationwide survey

Using China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study investigates factors associated with the choice of farmland leasing strategies and the impact of leasing options on farm performance. Particular attention is given to off‐farm employment and farm subsidies. Additionally, the study applies a selectivity‐based approach to assess the relationship between farmland leasing choices and farm businesses’ performance. Off‐farm employment, older and educated operators, large farms and old‐age pension plans increase the likelihood of leasing out farmland. Part‐time off‐farm employment, grain subsidies and mechanised farms increase the likelihood of leasing in farmland. Finally, the selectivity correction terms in the value of crop production are significantly negative in the choices of farmland leasing, indicating the presence of sample selection effects. Accounting for selectivity is essential to ensure unbiased and consistent estimates.     

浅析辽宁集体林产权改革配套体系建立过程中存在的问题

对辽宁省在集体林产权改革配套体系建立过程中出现的承包周期短、公益林比重大、复合经营评估体系不科学、森林经营方案编制不合理等问题展开分析,并根据北方林区实际特点,提出相关政策性建议。     

Lease Pricing for Farm Real Estate

A lease pricing model for farm land is developed that is consistent with traditional leasing principles and allows greater flexibility in determining crop share levels either separately or in combination with a fixed cash payment. The share levels are linked to the farm's soil productivity, the costs of each party's resource contributions, and their respective cost structures. The resulting menu of lease prices can enhance the equitability of leasing contracts, expand the range of contract choices, promote mutual incentives for the leasing parties, and heighten the efficiency of leasing markets through greater standardization of leases.     

农地产权与农户土地租赁意愿研究

研究目的:分析农地产权状况对农户土地租赁意愿的影响.研究方法:定性分析与定量研究相结合.研究结果:在定性分析农地产权状况和农地租赁相互关系的基础上,运用农户调查数据,建立了农地产权与农地租赁意愿的Logistic回归计量模型并应用极大似然估计法对该模型进行估计;根据农地产权与农地租赁意愿计量模型运行结果对农地产权与农地租赁意愿之间的关系、农地产权状况对农地租赁意愿的影响进行了分析,并就进一步推进农地流转提出了相关建议.研究结论:农地产权的流动性、稳定性以及农地收益权的完整性等均对农地租赁意愿产生了不同程度的影响,但是各个因素对于不同区域以及土地租入和租出意愿的影响是不同的.     

中国县级土地财政收入问题研究

研究目的:分析县级土地财政收入存在的问题,并提出对策建议。研究方法:文献资料法、归纳分析法、比较分析法。研究结果:中国县级土地财政中存在过度刺激建设用地扩张、土地财政刺激房地产业超常发展从而助长房地产泡沫、土地收入分配不合理、土地税费体系不合理、财政收入过度倚重房地产业、土地财政推高县级财政金融风险、土地收益分配缺乏监管等问题。研究结论:应正确看待土地财政收入的必然性和阶段性规律,合理设定省县两级财权,调整土地出让方式并加强对县级土地出让金的收支管理和权利约束,加强持有环节税收建设、预算外收费清理工作、县级政府融资渠道建设,以增加县级政府多元化融资能力。     

Landowner response to policies regulating land improvements in Finland: Lease or search for other options?

Land improvements with long pay-back periods are often delayed on leased agricultural land. The delay in improvements has been found to result in land degradation, decreased land productivity and environmental problems. An important question is thus how landowners would respond to regulations and mandates concerning land improvements. Based on a Finnish landowner survey, we analysed landowner choices under certain land improvement regulations, using the currently dominant choice of leasing land for agricultural use as the benchmark. The results indicated that land leasing will continue to increase in the future, but if the landowner mandate to co-finance costly land improvements is increased, landowners are predicted to respond significantly to these mandates and search for other land management options. Three heterogeneous landowner groups were identified based on their land use choices. Current leasers and amenity owners, in particular, were sensitive to land improvement mandates, and would avoid compulsory investment expenses by selling or afforesting their land.     

土地出让市场化、产业结构优化与城市绿色 全要素生产率 ——基于湖北省的实证研究

研究目的:考察土地出让市场化与产业结构优化对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响程度及其作用机制。研究方法:SBM-DEA模型,动态面板广义矩估计(GMM)。研究结果:(1)无论是系统GMM还是差分GMM,土地出让市场化对绿色全要素生产率的影响系数均显著为正,产业结构合理化和高度化的影响系数也均显著为正,但后者的作用程度要明显大于前者;(2)土地出让市场化与产业结构合理化的交互项对绿色全要素生产率的影响系数为负,土地出让市场化与产业结构高度化的交互项对绿色全要素生产率的影响系数为正,且均通过显著性检验。研究结论:土地出让市场化总体上促进了绿色全要素生产率的发展;从作用机制来看,土地出让市场化导致了产业结构合理化的反向发展,抑制了绿色全要素生产率的提升;同时,也促进了产业结构高度化的正向发展,进而对绿色全要素生产率有提升作用。鉴于此,提出:(1)地方政府应继续坚持以市场化为导向的城市土地制度改革;(2)政府应适时引导产业结构调整,促进产业结构转型和升级,更加重视经济增长与环境保护的协调发展。     

Financial Structure of Farm Businesses Under Imperfect Capital Markets

Recent finance studies have considered whether gaps between a firm's costs of internal and external sources of investment funds, arising from capital market imperfections, influence its investment behavior and funding preferences. This study tests the applicability of the pecking order and partial adjustment theories of financial structure to farm businesses by fitting a set of simultaneous financial equations with farm panel data from Illinois. Model results indicate that Illinois farms adjust to long-run financial targets for equity, debt, and leasing, but that additional financing needs follow a pecking order that is stronger for farms with greater asymmetric information problems.     

Share Tenancy, Ownership Structure, and Prevented Planting Claims in Crop Insurance

A conceptual model based on opportunity cost and expected utility principles establishes linkages between the likelihood of prevented planting claims in crop insurance and existing share leasing arrangements/internal farm business structures. Results of heteroskedastic probit estimation procedures indicate that simpler internal business structures and more dominant farmer–tenant leasing position can increase the probability of submitting a prevented planting claim.