A Note on the Stability of Lognormal Interest Rate Models and the Pricing of Eurodollar Futures

The lognormal distribution assumption for the term structure of interest is the most natural way to exclude negative spot and forward rates. However, imposing this assumption on the continuously compounded interest rate has a serious drawback: rates explode and expected rollover returns are infinite even if the rollover period is arbitrarily short. As a consequence, such models cannot price one of the most widely used hedging instruments on the Euromoney market, namely the Eurodollar futures contract.
The purpose of this note is to show that the problems with lognormal models result from modeling the wrong rate, namely the continuously compounded rate. If instead one models the effective annual rate these problems disappear.     

汇率、货币政策变动对我国通货膨胀的影响分析——基于协整和状态空间模型的实证研究

本文通过协整分析构建状态空间模型,结合中国实际情况实证研究了人民币汇率传递和货币政策变动对以消费者价格指数(CPI)为主要衡量指标的通货膨胀的影响.结果显示,汇率、货币政策变动和CPI之间存在长期协整关系,汇率传递在我国是不完全的,汇率变化对通货膨胀的影响为负向且程度较低,货币政策变动对物价的调控也是低效的.     

现行生育政策研究

现行生育政策最初是在1982年中央11号文件中提出来的。它对于纠正从1978年开始提出并逐渐形成的“一胎化”生育政策的偏差,起到一定的积极作用。但是,在控制人口效果方面,现行生育政策对于抑制农村妇女的早婚早育和多胎生育、调节和疏导我国第三次生育高峰却没有多少实际意义。相反,由于现行生育政策同广大农民的生育意愿之间的差距过大,在长期执行过程中一直在给农民造成巨大的伤害,所以,迅速改变现行生育政策,彻底纠正“一胎化”生育政策给社会稳定带来的隐患,是一件刻不容缓的事情。     

我国银行间同业拆借利率期限结构的影响因素分析

本文利用Nelson-Siegel模型,通过实证分析发现:存贷差、狭义货币供应量和保费收入对利率水平有负效应,而工业增加值、企业商品价格指数和上证指数对利率水平有正效应;工业增加值与企业商品价格指数的增加会使利率曲线斜率下降,而狭义货币供应量与保费收入的增加则会使斜率上升。这对预测利率曲线的变化,从而规避由于利率曲线的非平行移动所产生的利率风险有重要的参考意义。     

On the Existence of Finite-Dimensional Realizations for Nonlinear Forward Rate Models

We consider interest rate models of the Heath–Jarrow–Morton type, where the forward rates are driven by a multidimensional Wiener process, and where the volatility is allowed to be an arbitrary smooth functional of the present forward rate curve. Using ideas from differential geometry as well as from systems and control theory, we investigate when the forward rate process can be realized by a finite-dimensional Markovian state space model, and we give general necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of the volatility structure, for the existence of a finite-dimensional realization. A number of concrete applications are given, and all previously known realization results (as far as existence is concerned) for Wiener driven models are included and extended. As a special case we give a general and easily applicable necessary and sufficient condition for when the induced short rate is a Markov process. In particular we give a short proof of a result by Jeffrey showing that the only forward rate models with short rate dependent volatility structures which generically possess a short rate realization are the affine ones. These models are thus the only generic short rate models from a forward rate point of view.     

对加拿大货币需求的数量分析

在特定的经济条件下，全社会货币需求量以及这个量的变动规律，是一国政府制定并执行货币政策和财政政策时所要考虑的重要参数。战后以来，西方国家政府一般是通过货币政策和财政政策的执行，最终影响产出量和就业水平。分析影响货币需求变动的因素及其变量之间的数量关系，是正确地预测货币需求变动的关键。加拿大的货币需求与其相关的经济因素之间的关系；加拿大货币供求与经济增长之间的关系。     

A Note on the Boyle–Vorst Discrete-Time Option Pricing Model with Transactions Costs

Working in a binomial framework, Boyle and Vorst (1992) derived self-financing strategies perfectly replicating the final payoffs to long positions in European call and put options, assuming proportional transactions costs on trades in the stocks. The initial cost of such a strategy yields, by an arbitrage argument, an upper bound for the option price. A lower bound for the option price is obtained by replicating a short position. However, for short positions, Boyle and Vorst had to impose three additional conditions. Our aim in this paper is to remove Boyle and Vorst's conditions for the replication of short calls and puts.     

在岸-离岸人民币即期汇率动态联动关系研究——基于时变参数状态空间模型的分析

自香港离岸市场人民币汇率(CNH)形成以来,关于在岸人民币兑美元汇率(CNY)与香港离岸人民币兑美元汇率之间关系的研究,多数认为在岸人民币汇率对离岸汇率具有引导关系。随着内地与香港之间人民币流通渠道不断拓宽,两地之间汇率联动关系的动态变化是一个十分重要的问题。本文运用时变参数的状态空间模型研究CNY与CNH的动态联动关系:带断点的格兰杰因果关系检验结果显示,在样本初期阶段CNY对CNH有引导关系,随后两者之间相互引导,近期CNH对CNY具有引导关系;时变参数的状态空间模型显示,CNH对CNY的影响逐渐增强;考察在岸离岸利差对汇率影响的结果显示,在岸离岸利差增大会导致离岸汇率贬值和在岸汇率升值。本文的主要贡献在于研究方法规避了静态系数回归模型的缺点。     

VALUATION OF FLOATING RANGE NOTES IN LÉVY TERM-STRUCTURE MODELS

Turnbull (1995) as well as Navatte and Quittard-Pinon (1999) derived explicit pricing formulae for digital options and range notes in a one-factor Gaussian Heath–Jarrow–Morton (henceforth HJM) model. Nunes (2004) extended their results to a multifactor Gaussian HJM framework. In this paper, we generalize these results by providing explicit pricing solutions for digital options and range notes in the multivariate Lévy term-structure model of Eberlein and Raible (1999) , that is, an HJM-type model driven by a d -dimensional (possibly nonhomogeneous) Lévy process. As a byproduct, we obtain a pricing formula for floating range notes in the special case of a multifactor Gaussian HJM model that is simpler than the one provided by Nunes (2004) .     

农村金融支持影响家庭农场培育的机理与实效--基于金融支持来源视角的实证检验

基于金融支持来源视角,从家庭农场培育资金需求的内部与外部来源出发,构建农村金融支持影响家庭农场培育机理模型,并采用多元Logit方法对不同来源的农村金融支持效果进行实证检验。结果表明：政府提供的通用性金融支持、金融机构提供的专用性金融支持和农场自有资金对家庭农场的培育具有显著影响,其中家庭农场自有资金的影响最明显;文化程度、交通条件、农技指导、产权制度、责任归属制度等也是家庭农场培育的重要影响因素。这为农村金融支持方向提供了实证证据。     

中国房地产公司股权收益与资本回报率、债务利率关系

本文结合中国房地产公司的动态资本结构特征,建立房地产公司动态资本结构模型,利用该模型进行了数据仿真实验,研究中国房地产公司资本结构对股权收益的影响情况。研究发现股权收益率随着资本回报率标准差增长,呈现出骤降后平稳上升一定水平的规律,并且资产负债率档位越高,收益率水平越不稳定;而当资产负债率处于较低水平时,债务利率水平的差异并不会对股权收益率造成较为明显的区别,而随着资产负债率水平的提高,股权收益率开始随着债务利率水平的差异而产生不同,在盈利能力相等时,股权收益率均随债务成本的增大而降低。     

区域文化差异及其对民营企业家能力的影响——以江苏和浙江为例

本文从区域文化差异的角度来分析其对浙江省和江苏省民营企业家能力的影响。通过选取避免不确定性、集体主义的程度以及“崇文”/“入市”的价值观的三个文化关键维度,来反映两省文化的差异,并在此基础之上分析两省文化差异对两省民营企业家的知识素质和创新能力的影响,得出了相应的结论。     

知识产权评估折现率的研究

在知识产权评估的常用方法中,收益法具有重要地位。而折现率是收益法中的重要参数之一,其细微的差异将会导致评估结果的显著不同。知识产权折现率的现有确定方法存在诸多缺陷。本文在分析知识产权折现率的特点与构成的基础上,创建了基于模糊数学理论、集值统计原理和层次分析法的知识产权折现率估算新模型——扩展资本成本模型,并通过评估案例探讨了该模型在实践中的应用。     

中美贸易不平衡的原因分析综述

近年来,因中国对美国贸易顺差持续加大而导致的中美贸易不平衡加剧始终是中美双方关注的焦点。而关于造成中美贸易不平衡的原因分析,学者们则见仁见智。本文通过分类和归纳总结,尝试从统计误差、人民币汇率、外资、储蓄投资缺口、产业转移、贸易政策以及产业内贸易等不同角度对研究中美贸易不平衡原因的文献进行综述。     

人民币实际有效汇率调整及其波动率与中美贸易收支

基于1995年1月至2007年9月的月度数据,分析了人民币实际有效汇率与中美贸易收支的关系。结果显示,人民币汇率波动率增加有助于缩小中美贸易收支顺差,人民币汇率升值无论长期或是短期,都不能解决中美双边贸易收支失衡问题。美国经济增长引致的进口需求是中美贸易顺差和我国收入增长的重要原因,在当前经济形势下,要警惕美国经济下滑导致我国的出口下降,进而使我国经济出现"硬着陆"的风险。     

Non-explicit FOREX intervention: The role of the Central Reserve Bank in a dollarized economy and its effects on expectations from the “peso problem” perspective: The case of Peru

We use the Markov-switching model based on Hamilton (1990) among others. The non-explicit intervention of the Central Reserve Bank changes the expectations of economic agents. This change in expectations clearly shows that the public is aware of non-explicit interventions in a dollarized economy and said interventions have been altering the expectations of economic agents in terms of the foreign exchange market. We conclude that market participants assume that the Central Reserve Bank is more efficient in reducing volatility in periods in which the domestic currency appreciates rather than depreciates. The results show that the Markov-switching model behaves more than satisfactorily in the sample period but less so in periods of extreme volatility such as the recent sub-prime crisis. Central Bank's forex interventions are policy instruments that can be followed and interpreted by the public.     

税收政策调整对居民消费和就业的动态效应研究

在动态随机一般均衡(DSGE)框架下,引入居民消费税(包括消费税和增值税)等间接税种以及资本利得税、劳动所得税和企业所得税等直接税种,并采用贝叶斯估计方法,分别分析四类税收政策对居民消费、消费率与就业的影响机制。研究结果表明,不同税种对三者的影响存在较大差异:降低居民消费税等间接税不仅能够刺激居民消费和消费率,同时也会增加就业;三类直接税种对居民消费、消费率的影响是一致的,均对居民消费有一定的负面作用,对消费率产生正向影响,而对就业的作用有所不同,资本利得税对就业水平的提升有积极作用,劳动所得税和企业所得税削弱了居民的就业积极性。     

The impact of world oil price shocks on the Canada/U.S. real exchange rate

This article investigates whether and how changes in the world oil price affect the Canada/U.S. real exchange rate. We applied vector autoregression and vector error correction models for the real exchange rate, world oil price, monetary differential, government spending, and productivity differential between the two countries. Our results demonstrate that a surge in the world oil price will lead to an appreciation of the Canadian dollar in the short and long term. Product differentials and U.S. government spending have a negative impact on the Canada/U.S. real exchange rate, and Canadian government spending leads to a depreciation of the Canadian dollar.     

A Note on the Incremental Validity of Integrity Tests beyond Standard Personality Inventories for the Criterion of Counterproductive Behaviour

Although the validity of integrity tests for predicting the focal criterion of counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) is well‐established, little research has yet addressed the incremental CWB‐related validity of integrity tests beyond basic personality traits. The present research addresses this issue by re‐analyzing data adopted from Marcus, Lee, and Ashton (2007), in which four different overt and personality‐based integrity tests and the HEXACO‐Personality Inventory (Lee & Ashton, 2004) were related to CWB. Integrity accounted for practically significant proportions of incremental variance beyond personality across all integrity tests, yet effect sizes of incremental validity dropped considerably if Honesty‐Humility was added to traditional Big Five dimensions. In addition, findings suggest that CWB is best predicted by a combination of integrity and personality tests. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.