State Fragmentation and Rights Contestation： Rural Land Development Rights in China

The functionalist reasoning of institutional changes builds on individual rationality and explains institutional changes from the demand side. While insightful, a comprehensive understanding also needs to take into account the supply side, The state, as the ultimate supplier of institutional changes, plays the pivotal role of agency; therefore, its willingness and ability decide how such regime change occurs and what partieular form the new regime takes. Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese economy has embarked on a path of rapid industrialization and urbanization. The contestation over rural land development rights in China offers an excellent case to illuminate the importance of state agency in institutional changes. Drawing on case studies in China＇s three major urbanizing regions, this article analyzes how villages brought their own land directly to the land market and reaped handsome profits. We argue that the three successful cases, Nanhai in Guangdong, Kunshan in Jiangsu and Zhenggezhuang in Beijing, all represent a product of active agency on the supply side. The Chinese state＇s fragmented authority provides a favorable institutional environment for such changes.     

The Reform of China＇s Rural Land System

This paper discusses the reform of China‘s rural land system in the past more than 20 years. It reviews the course of China‘s rural land system reform since 1978 and the enormous contribution that the household contract responsibility system made to China‘s agricultural and rural development. Then it summarizes the current situation and existing problems in China‘s rural land system. Finally, it offers some policy suggestions on how to perfect the rural land system.     

The NDC Model： A Way to Resolve Moral Hazard in China＇s Social Security System

Since the mid-1990s, China has adopted a partially funded pension scheme in building its social security system. However, after nearly 10 years of operations, people found that the serious moral hazard problem of contribution defaults and loss of control concerning pension payment stemmed from this partially funded pension scheme. This institutional arrangement has also resulted in the so-called “adverse selection in non-market institutions”,which in turn is capable of destroying the current system. This article argues for the introduction of the Notional Defined Contribution (NDC)scheme, because it can solve the problem of moral hazard and adverse selection. Moreover,it can solve the problem of a lack of institutional conditions for the entry of the social security fund into the stock market. It is important to note that the NDC scheme fully conforms to the initial intention of the policy-makers who designed the partially funded pension scheme in mid-1990s.     

土地发展权移转的国际比较研究

土地发展权的应用依各国具体情况而不同,发展权移转是一种以市场为基础的新的土地使用管制工具,作为分区规划管制的补充,在世界各国已经得到越来越多的应用。我国可以利用土地发展权移转机制来保护耕地和农民集体土地所有权权益。     

新农村农业经济组织模式的研究

文章对当前代表性的几种农业经济组织模式进行了研究,认为建设新农村要立足于发展种养殖业,运用现代企业管理理论,以土地经营权入股的方式,构建新农村经济组织,实现发展农业生产力,提高农民收入的目的。     

农地产权认知状况与流转行为牵扯:湘省398户农户样本

农地产权制度是农地流转的制度前提,但农户对产权的认知会影响其农地流转行为尚缺乏经验证据支持。利用湖南省的样本数据采用统计分析方法和Logit回归模型分析发现,现阶段农户对农地产权的认知较薄弱,产权制度对农地流转的实际影响与这种认知状况有关,在控制多种农户特征后发现产权认知度对农地流转有显著的积极影响。因此,需要通过明晰农地产权、加强立法保障、加大产权宣传、设立产权交易机构等措施推动农地流转。     

“小产权房”存在的合理性及其合法化途径研究——基于土地发展权角度

文章针对目前广泛存在的小产权房问题,结合十七届三中全会有关土地制度改革的精神,从社会和经济两个方面着重探讨了小产权房存在的现实合理性,并运用土地发展权原理,通过土地增值收益再分配的方式就小产权房的合法化进行了应用对策的尝试性研究,以期对小产权房问题的解决提供有意义的启示。     

城市“灰色用地”土地开发模式研究

文章首先分析了传统城市规划开发模式存在的弊端,进而提出在市场经济体制下,城市规划应该由传统的用地定性模式转换为一种能适应城市动态发展和市场经济体制的模式：城市灰色用地理念。在此基础上,文章通过对现行经典的几种土地开发模式和运行策略对比研究,最终指出城市灰色用地土地开发模式的策略。     

浙江省土地可持续利用的困境、成因与对策分析

建设占用耕地规模的不断扩大和后备土地资源的匮乏导致了浙江耕地特别是新增耕地质量的下降,补充耕地的\"上山下海\"加大了生态退化的压力,浙江的土地利用体制客观上加速了农地非农化的进程,建设用地保障矛盾突出,违法用地现象增加。需要从改革土地利用体制、增加市场调节机制、转变土地利用方式等入手,提高土地集约使用程度,以解决浙江土地持续利用面临的困境。     

技术产权交易激励机制探析——以泰州市为例

通过对泰州市技术产权交易激励政策的梳理,研究激励现状,总结了技术产权交易市场存在的问题,结合有关激励理论和技术产权交易的影响因素,从政策、技术、中介、风险控制等多角度为技术产权交易激励机制构建提出建议。     

公共选择视角下我国土地使用权的公平交易立法模式创建

我国现行土地使用权交易立法制度存在浓厚的身份化歧视。国家一方面严格限制集体土地使用权流转,另一方面又以行政强制征收和垄断市场的方式,实现土地收益权能的最大化。这种身份化的歧视性立法制度安排,导致农民土地收益权能的大部丧失和严重的分配不公。公共选择视角的实证方法论提供了分析问题的崭新视角。统筹城乡发展,实现从身份到契约转变,创建公平的土地使用权交易立法模式是次优的法治选择。