THE USER COST AND CAPITAL BUDGETING

This study describes the relationship between the user cost of capital and capital budgeting processes and presents a formula for computing the user cost of an investment, accommodating the existence of taxes, inflation, and a nonconstant level of production. A project acceptability criterion assigning positive net present value when cash operating income exceeds user cost is discussed and applied to several examples. The test is shown to be useful and easy to apply.     

佛国春晓

“般若波罗密多”梵文的意思是“智慧到彼岸”,而其中“般若”的含义是“智慧”,一般的智慧是外来的,而“般若”的所谓智慧则是发自内心的“悟”。     

USER NEEDS AND FINANCIAL REPORTING – A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE

This paper takes a user needs perspective to analyse the usefulness of past and current systems of financial reporting by local authorities and the National Health Service (NHS). It suggests that attempts to construct a conceptual framework should be more closely aligned to the findings of studies of actual usage of financial reports in both of the sectors. These point to the need for simplified reporting systems which recognise (a) different levels of capability and resource availability to interrogate financial information and (b) the need to articulate with, but decrease total reliance on, the traditional general purpose financial report.     

CAPITAL ACCOUNTING, USER NEEDS AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC SECTOR FINANCIAL REPORTING

This paper analyses the need for an adequate conceptual framework for financial reporting, particularly in the public sector, and examines several factors which may have worked against progress in the UK in developing such a conceptual framework in the past. The paper then analyses in detail the needs of potential users for capital accounting information in public sector financial reports, and the relevance of accruals accounting and different measurement bases in this context. Given the large amount of existing work outside the UK on the development of conceptual frameworks for financial reporting, the paper argues the need not for a new framework, but rather for a more focused analysis of several key conceptual issues that are relevant to meeting user needs.     

INTRADAY AND OVERNIGHT RETURNS AND DAY-OF-THE-WEEK EFFECTS

This paper examines intra-trading-day and overnight returns constructed from a transactions data base. Day-of-the-week effects are examined for firms classified by level of thin trading. Results indicate that thin trading masks day-of-the-week effects. Day-of-the-week effects are much more pronounced for actively traded stocks. The importance of controlling for thin trading in studies where segmentation of returns into distinct periods is important is illustrated through an examination of day-of-the-week effects for firms classified by size.     

MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES AND STOCK PRICES

Investigations into business cycles have found money supply to be a lead variable to stock prices. However, some would argue that the stock market, being efficient, anticipates money supply changes and therefore, stock prices are lead variables to money supply changes. Recent developments in time series methods have facilitated the testing of these relationships through identifying bivariate and multivariate autoregressive models. However, in many cases, the results using different procedures contradict themselves and are in conflict with theoretical reasonings. In this paper the causal relationship is tested between fiscal and monetary policies and stock prices using Canadian data and bivariate andmultivariate autoregressive models.     

国家主席胡锦涛出席金砖国家领导人第三次会晤时发表重要讲话：加强合作与交流 维护国际经济金融稳定

4月14日,金砖国家领导人第三次会晤在海南省三亚市举行,中国国家主席胡锦涛、巴西总统罗塞夫、俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫、印度总理辛格、南非总统祖马出席。胡锦涛发表了题为《展望未来共享繁荣》的重要讲话。