铁路事故备忘录

美国华盛顿特区发生的灾难性铁路交通事故,据估计,死亡人数至少达到9人,75人受伤。华盛顿地铁局和美国国家运输安全委员会对这起华盛顿特区历史上最严重的一次铁路交通事故展开了详细的调查,初步的调查怀疑是因为刹车信号出现故障,在两车对撞之前没有启动刹车制动。     

什么是ISOFIX儿童安全座椅固定装置

据统计,我国每年有1.85万儿童死于交通安全事故,而德国2010年在车内死亡的儿童仅76人。为什么差距这样大？因为我国大多数人对汽车安全的认识不够全面,总觉得坐在汽车上就安全了,其实并非如此。     

美国交通安全状况及机动车安全法规

美国是世界上机动车运输最发达的国家之一，也是交通安全工作成效最为显著的国家之一。1966年，美国交通事故死亡人数达5万人，引起国家高度重视，建立了运输部国家公路交通安全局（NHTSA），系统、全面地抓交通安全工作，开始制定并实施机动车安全法规。至上世纪70年代初，共制定联邦机动车安全标准（FMVSS）50项并严格实施，     

关于汽车安全三脚架的设计研究

随着我国汽车保有量持续上升,发生的交通事故也持续增长。尤其在高速公路上,经常会看到触目惊心的连环追尾车祸发生。连环车祸往往是因为前方车辆出了事故后,后方车辆无法提前得知前方危险,从而造成二次事故,最终酿成人间惨剧。针对这种现象,产生了改良现有机动车用三角警告牌的设计方案,解决现有机动车用三角警告牌的劣势,通过结构创新,使新型三脚架具有优良的稳定性,防风防滑,同时新增一键展开等功能,提高了使用效率,以此预防二次事故发生。     

谁来为汽车安全性能验明证身

提起今天年初发生在杭州的雅阁车交通事故（也被称为“婚礼门事件”），很多人至今还记忆犹新。     

有车就有交通安全问题

历年的交通事故死亡数字都在表明一个事实——随着车辆大幅增加,司机（包括菜鸟在内的马路杀手）大幅度增多,交通事故死亡数字始终居高不下．这个死神的使者每时每刻都在威胁人类的生命。     

守护儿童乘车安全

正十年前,儿童安全座椅对于多数国内消费者来说还是一个陌生的名词。现如今,随着家用汽车普及率的大幅提升,儿童安全座椅——这个针对孩子乘车安全设计的产品,正受到越来越多的关注和重视。     

非典型汽车安全装备

提到汽车安全,我们首先想到的往往是＂主动安全＂、＂被动安全＂,这是对汽车安全系统比较广义的概括,除此之外,其实在我们日常用车的过程中,许多并不太起眼、但却经常用到的配置却对汽车安全同样起着非常重要的作用,这些配置大多并不直接＂隶属＂于汽车安全系统,容易被忽略,所以我们称它们为＂非典型＂的汽车安全装备。     

网络服务器安全配置最佳实践

网络服务器功能强大,而且极易上手,可是要配置一个安全的网络服务器难度是比较高的。本文结合近几年的网络安全管理实施过程,总结出一些经验来提高网络服务器的安全性。     

船员素质对船舶安全的影响

人因事故。作为船舶交通事故最主要的根源，对船舶的交通安全有着重要的影响。本文就船员的素质对船舶安全航行的影响作分析，并提出提高船员素质的措施以达到减少水上交通事故的目的。     

做一枚盒子里的蛋——2012（第五届）中国汽车安全主题巡展

相信一款宣传噱头再多的车,或者优惠力度再大的车,也不会有消费者愿意用生命去购买和置换,所以,汽车安全问题—直是消费者在购车中最在意的一个选项。因为一台不安全的车,无疑是一个移动的墓穴。相信世上的小龙女不多,谁也不愿意长久地在活死人墓里果着。更多的人还是愿意做一枚住在盒子里的鸡蛋,至少不需要用自己的生命去给别人解释“以卵击石”的意义。可是,安全问题宣传起来又很抽象。所以,本次汽安展就“消费与安全”问题展开了新一轮的讨论,作为本次协办单位的《汽车消费报告》也借此机会再次给消费者扫扫安全盲。     

富力盈信大厦：后新政时代资产安全岛

新政后,富力盈信大厦备受市场宠爱,成交量节节攀升。据记者了解,富力盈信大厦是富力集团在珠江新城中轴线的又一CBD超甲级写字楼,是继富力中心、富力无限极中心后,珠江新城中轴黄金地段超甲级写字楼＂队列＂的一员。除了占据CBD中轴线绝佳区位优势外,     

COMPETITION AND SAFETY IN UK LOCAL AUTHORITIES. An empirical study

A number of studies throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s were able to highlight economic gains from the policy of Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) in the UK. Claims have been made that this economic gain was achieved by financial savings brought about by deterioration in the terms and conditions of employees. Far less is known about the impact of CCT on the occupational health and safety of direct and subcontracted employees engaged in public service provision. Much of the literature which does exist on the impact on occupational health and safety of privatization generally, asserts that its effect has been negative. This article addresses the question of the impact of CCT on occupational health and safety on the basis of triangulation of three methodological approaches. Although the current UK government has abandoned the CCT process, it has replaced it with a policy of ‘Best Value’, a policy which will apply to all local authority services. Best Value does not contain the same element of compulsion, but it is likely that many of the organizational and commercial pressures introduced by CCT will continue. Against that back-drop, it is concluded that CCT may have exposed pre-existing deficiencies in local authority health and safetysystems. Strategies have been developed to address many of these deficiencies in CCT services. Services previously not subject to CCT will now be required to address these problems and solutions as a consequence of the Best Value regime.     

USING WEB 2.0 TO SHARE KNOWLEDGE OF CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: THE FABLE OF ECONOMIC ANIMALS

Gone are the days when knowledge sharing depended solely on face‐to‐face meetings. With the help of Web 2.0, rapid and dynamic cross‐border knowledge sharing among construction safety researchers has become possible. Nevertheless, empirical observation has shown that researchers are falling behind the curve. Generally speaking, there are two major types of motivations: intrinsic and extrinsic. Introducing extrinsic motivators on top of intrinsic motivators can produce better results than relying solely on intrinsic motivation.     

THE ECONOMICS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK: AN INTERDICIPLINARY REVIEW OF THE THEORY AND POLICY

Abstract This paper engages in an interdisciplinary survey of the current state of knowledge related to the theory, determinants and consequences of occupational safety and health (OSH). It first describes the fundamental theoretical construct of compensating wage differentials, which is used by economists to understand the optimal provision of OSH in a perfectly competitive labour market. The plethora of incentives faced by workers and firms in job and insurance markets that determine the ultimate level of OSH are discussed in detail. The extensive empirical evidence from the hedonic wage and stated choice approaches used to assess the value of OSH is reviewed. The causes of inefficiency and inequity in the market for OSH, such as externalities, moral hazard in compensation insurance, systematic biases in individual risk perception/well‐being and labour market segregation are subsequently examined. The implications of government intervention and regulation for tackling the aforementioned inefficiencies in OSH are then considered. Finally, the survey identifies areas of future research interests and suggests indicators and priorities for policy initiatives that can improve the health and safety of workers in modern job markets.     

EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY: SHOULD UNION-APPOINTED OR ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES BE THE MODEL FOR THE UK?

Peter Kidger, Lecturer in Human Resource Management at the new Salford Management School, considers whether the offshore health and safety system, under which employees have the statutory right to elect safety representatives irrespective of union membership, could serve as a model for an elective system applicable in all workplaces. He reviews the conditions necessary for representation to be effective, the arguments for restricting representation to union appointments, and some of the criticisms of the 1977 SRSC Regulations. He concludes that there is a case for having safety representatives in all workplaces, but draws attention to enforcement and implementation problems which an elective system would face.     

A PATCHWORK SAFETY NET: A SURVEY OF CLIOMETRIC STUDIES OF INCOME MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract Social welfare programs in the USA are designed to serve as safety nets for people in hard times, in contrast with the universal approach found in many other developed western nations. In a survey of cliometric studies of social welfare programs in the USA, we examine the variation in the safety net in the USA across states in the 20th century, the determinants of the variation and its impact on socioeconomic outcomes. The USA has always displayed substantial variation in the extent of the safety net because the features of most public social welfare programs have been and currently are determined by local and state governments, even after the federal government became involved in the 1930s. Differences across states persist strongly for typically a decade, although the persistence weakens with time, and there are some periods when federal intervention led to a re‐ordering. The rankings of state benefits differ from program to program, and economic and political factors have different weights in determining benefit levels in panel data estimation of their effects. Variation in benefits across programs during the early 1900s had significant impact on labour markets, economic activity, family formation, death rates and crime.