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1.
实践中,国际商事仲裁裁量权行使的得当与否将关乎仲裁作为解决商事争议方式的地位以及仲裁裁决的权威与公正。文章试分析国际商事仲裁裁量权的特殊性,以个人在国际商事仲裁实践的经验、通过实证论及个人对如何行使国际商事仲裁裁量权的认识,期望对我国仲裁法律制度的完善有所裨益。 相似文献
2.
在贸易理论中能够定量应用于两个经济之间贸易额计算的,目前只有引力模型。但引力模型在实践中的应用效果并不令人满意。注意到贸易的本质就是交换,贸易额与产出之间应该存在着某种特定的数量关系,本文认为引力模型的基本形式应该能够普遍适用于国内贸易和国际贸易,并称之为“贸易定律”。模型中的距离应该理解为“经济距离”,代表运输成本。据此思路以中国对外贸易数据进行验证,贸易定律是有效的。 相似文献
3.
国际商事与贸易仲裁员(公断人)责任制度是国际商事与贸易仲裁中的一项重要内容。中国在商事与贸易仲裁以及商事与贸易仲裁员责任制度方面起步较晚,尚有不足之处和完善空间。中国商事与贸易仲裁员责任制度的构建,有助于更好地开展国际商事贸易,合理应对日益频繁和复杂的国际贸易争端。本文通过比较的方法,探讨了国际商事与贸易仲裁员的法律地位,并以此为基础,对中国商事与贸易仲裁员责任制度构建提出建议。 相似文献
4.
在国际商事仲裁领域,晚近出现了证据规则成文化现象。国际商事仲裁证据规则的成文化具有以下基本特征:编纂主体与参与人的广泛性,编纂形式上的\"软法化\"以及与\"最佳实践\"的互动性。国际商事仲裁证据规则的成文化总体上有利于效率与公平的平衡,有利于不同法律文化之间的平衡,有利于仲裁灵活性与可预见性的平衡。对于是否制订仲裁证据规则,我国仲裁界应持谨慎态度。对于国际上已经制订的仲裁证据规则,我国仲裁界应积极展开研究,同时在具体仲裁程序中灵活适用。 相似文献
5.
Manuchehr Irandoust 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(1):37-51
This article examines empirically the exchange rate pass-through of car manufacturers on the Swedish market. It first analyzes the changes in prices by supplying countries during the period 1976 - 1996. In a second stage, the relationship between price-level adjusted exchange rates and quality-adjusted prices is investigated. Although there exist significant differences across countries, the evidence shows that actual price adjustments are associated with stabilization of local currency prices. The policy implication of the results is that the use of an exchange rate policy in the case of external imbalances should therefore be reconsidered within the broader context of how market structure and conduct influence the optimal pricing of traded goods. 相似文献
6.
我国单位物流成本对国际贸易的影响——基于贸易引力模型的实证分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
戎梅 《商业经济(哈尔滨)》2011,(1):34-36,73
用单位货物周转费用代表单位物流成本,考察物流对贸易的影响,引入贸易引力模型并对其进行合理的改进。并提出模型的理论假设。通过回归分析和因果关系检验,可以得到的结论是：单位货物周转费降低对国际贸易具有明显的促进作用,证明了中国与世界上其他国家的双边货物贸易额与双方的人均收入成正比,与单位货物周转费用成反比。既验证了传统贸易引力模型的正确性。也肯定了对贸易引力模型说进行的改进。 相似文献
7.
This article develops a contingency framework to investigate demand and supply factors to model small and medium exporters in Dubai a fast emerging economy in the Middle East. MNL methodology is used to identify the factors that discriminate three types of exporters: increasing growth; erratic growth, and decreasing growth. Cross sectional data of 179 exporters for the period from 2000–2003 were used for the analysis. Global demand factors followed by limited local market factors and product attributes are found to statistically discriminate the three types of exporters. The study findings have implications on strategies, promotion and marketing actions, capital constraints of exporters besides policy initiative to be taken by the government and regulatory authority. 相似文献
8.
Dal Didia Mihai Nica Geungu Yu 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(8):1130-1151
The United States of America enacted the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 to grant sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) a preferential treatment in their exports to the USA. With this Act, most of the exports from SSA can now enter the USA duty-free, and this is expected to boost the exporting and manufacturing sectors in SSA. Hopefully, this singular act of assistance from the USA will spur entrepreneurship in SSA, thereby creating jobs and jump starting meaningful economic growth in the region. Since trade is a major catalyst in economic development, AGOA is arguably the most meaningful intervention from a developed country to an under-developed region such as SSA in recent times. Has AGOA had any impact on US trade with SSA? This paper sheds some light on this issue by examining the flow and composition of trade between the USA and AGOA countries. The analysis uses trade data (US imports) for 36 countries over 12 years. Empirical estimations based on the gravity model show that receiving AGOA status has a strong positive and significant impact on overall trade with the US. Interestingly, however, the analysis also shows a disproportionate impact of crude oil imports from the oil-producing countries of Angola, Gabon, and Nigeria, which is clearly not the intent of the Act. 相似文献
9.
Samuel Braithwaite; 《The World Economy》2024,47(9):3893-3908
This paper contributes to the debate on whether membership of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organisation (GATT/WTO) promotes greater levels of international trade. A size-adjusted measure of trade flows vis-á-vis absolute trade flows (the traditional dependent variable) is used. The size-adjusted trade flows dependent variable reduces the importance of bilateral trade with larger countries yielding a greater balance between large and small trade partners and provides an opportunity to test the importance of membership of the GATT/WTO relative to the numerous regional trade agreements (RTAs) which have grown exponentially over the years. In keeping with the recent literature, a structural gravity model of trade framework is used with a Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator and high dimensional fixed effects. Furthermore, the data set consists of both international and intra-national (domestic) trade flows. In the case of both approaches (size-adjusted and absolute trade flows) the results are statistically significant and positive as regards the impact of GATT/WTO membership and RTAs on trade flows. Furthermore, the estimates resulting from size-adjusted trade flows maintain the greater importance of GATT/WTO membership relative to RTAs. 相似文献
10.
Hongyong Zhang 《The World Economy》2019,42(3):738-758
Using unique panel data on the temporary movement of Chinese workers to 191 economies during 1992–2015, I investigate the patterns and determinants of labour mobility in the services trade. I estimate a gravity model of labour mobility in two categories, namely overseas labour services and overseas contracted projects. I find that distance (proxy for migration costs) and income are not the most important determinants of the latter. For overseas contracted projects, the dispatch of workers is not driven by their pure economic aims but by the Chinese government's policies and strategies such as its overseas project promotion policy. Furthermore, I employ the difference‐in‐differences estimation method to investigate the impact of this policy upon labour mobility. The results show that the policy of promoting overseas contracted projects has causal and positive effects on labour mobility in construction‐related sectors. 相似文献
11.
Beckerman (1956) and Linder (1961) have suggested that international trade is not determined by supply-side factors alone—perceptions about foreign countries and country preferences matter. We explore the relation between exports, cultural distance, and country preferences in Europe. The results show that several distance and preference-related variables, based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, income gaps, and voting patterns in the Eurovision Song Contest, are significantly related to bilateral trade. We conclude that cultural distance and preferences influence trade through several channels, both indirectly through transaction costs and more directly, as countries seem to prefer some trade partners before others. 相似文献
12.
中西方商法截然不同的产生路径导致了二者的演进历程大不相同。其原因是中西方的社会经济基础不同、思想文化不同以及法律政策不同。通过对中西方商法的起源和演进路径进行分析和比较,对中国商法发展的借鉴意义是:应改变传统思想中对"商"的错误认识;大力发展商品经济;制定扶持商业发展的法律政策。 相似文献
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14.
In this article, the authors examine the relationship between the volatility in exchange rates and the volume of international trade in sub-Saharan African countries. Using the gravity equation and annual data for the period 1998–2007, they find a statistically significant and negative correlation between the volatility in exchange rates and the volume of trade. The estimated elasticities show that the responsiveness of the flow of international trade to changes in exchange rate volatility is very small. This suggests that eliminating the volatility in the exchange rates will result in only small increments in the volume of trade. Accordingly, pursuing a policy of exchange rate stability would not be sufficient to significantly increase the volume of bilateral trade in the sub-Saharan African region. 相似文献
15.
This article reviews the literature of commercial diplomacy during the period 1960–2014 from a management angle and is organized around four major themes: (1) government’s export/trade promotion function; (2) institutional/organizational arrangements; (3) managerial roles and activities; and (4) interaction between commercial diplomats and businesses. A complementary quantitative analysis tracing current research trends reveals the emergence of relevant publications at the end of the 1970s and a real increase after 2000. It also confirms the relative scarcity of commercial diplomacy literature focusing on the business and management dimension. Gaps in current literature are identified, and suggestions for further research are presented. 相似文献
16.
Three years ago, very few economists would have imagined that one of the newest and fastest growing research areas in international trade is the use of quantitative trade models to estimate the economic welfare losses from dissolutions of major countries' economic integration agreements (EIAs). In 2016, \"Brexit\" was passed in a UK referendum. Moreover, in 2019, the existence of the entire North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is at risk if the US withdraws—a threat President Trump has made if the proposed US–Mexico–Canada Agreement is not passed by the US Congress. We use state‐of‐the‐art econometric methodology to estimate the partial (average treatment) effects on international trade flows of the six major types of EIAs. Armed with precise estimates of the average treatment effect for a free trade agreement, we examine the general equilibrium trade and welfare effects of the elimination of NAFTA (and for robustness US withdrawal only). Although all the member countries' standards of living fall, surprisingly the smallest economy, Mexico, is not the biggest loser; Canada is the biggest loser. Canada's welfare (per capita income) loss of 2.11% is nearly two times that of Mexico's loss of 1.15% and is nearly eight times the US' loss of 0.27%. The simulations will illustrate the important influence of trade costs—international and intranational—in contributing to the gains (or losses) from an EIA's formation (or elimination). 相似文献
17.
国际商务电子单证是外贸行业信息化的一个重要环节。所以必须界定国际商务电子单证的内涵,系统地了解目前国内外常用电子单证的类型,以便对国际商务电子单证在国内外的发展和应用概况进行初步的探索,以期对外贸行业的信息化进程起到一定的促进作用。 相似文献
18.
现行机构仲裁浓重的行政色彩偏离仲裁机构本身之属性,其设立和管理上的行政色彩不利于我国仲裁事业在国际上的竞争。而作为另一种仲裁形式的临时仲裁被现行法排斥,这种立法模式使得我国与外国在承认和执行仲裁裁决时不对等。基于改善投资环境、发展对外经济贸易、完善仲裁制度、保护当事人利益、解决仲裁形式单一化的需要,我国亟需建构临时仲裁制度。建构临时仲裁制度应该在思想观念上转变且体现仲裁的非国内化;重新定义仲裁协议规范;确立临时仲裁员制度并适时建立仲裁协会;承认现有社会团体组织之临时仲裁权。以上尝试可在仲裁机构必要协助下完成。 相似文献
19.
本文从国际贸易法的统一模式探讨CISG的历史地位问题。国际贸易法统一运动已经持续一个世纪,CISG是其最高成就之一。国际贸易法的统一模式有世界法统一模式、万民法统一模式和示范法模式3种,其中,万民法统一模式类似于古代罗马万民法的状态,是当今国际贸易法统一的最有成效的模式。CISG在国际贸易法统一中正是处于万民法统一模式,是因为世界法统一模式太超前,示范法模式太保守。正因为CISG恰到好处地采用了万民法统一模式,使其在国际贸易法统一过程中成效极大,具有其历史地位,应予以正确评价。 相似文献
20.
后金融危机时期,中俄双方政治互信升级,两国建立了更为密切、全面的战略协作伙伴关系。文章基于较长时间跨度(1989～2010年)中俄双边贸易相关数据构建贸易引力扩展模型,研究两国贸易流量的影响因素以及发展潜力问题,并提出促进双边贸易发展的政策建议:进一步深化区域合作机制,完善贸易制度安排;强调各领域的务实合作;积极构建中俄自由贸易区;加强双边经贸结构调整,培育新兴贸易形态。 相似文献