中国参与WTO贸易援助所面临的问题评析

贸易援助是官方发展援助的重要形式,中国在WTO贸易援助倡议的启动、后续工作及实际参与中起到了积极作用。中国国际经济地位的转变让其他国家产生更高的援助期待。发达国家对发展中国家提供的贸易援助是其应当承担的国际义务。"南南合作"是发展中国家之间的互助合作形式,其本质是基于平等理念的合作,是贸易援助的补充形式。中国在力所能及的条件下应当尽量与发展中国家开展"南南合作"并在此过程中提供适当援助。完善对外援助法律制度是顺利开展贸易援助、实现援助目的的保障。     

Aid,trade and migration: How do bilateral flows interact?

This paper takes as its point of departure the European Commission's position, set out in 2005, which laid clear emphasis on aid and trade as tools for controlling immigration. We attempt to subject this position to empirical investigation. We exploit data on bilateral aid, trade and migration flows between developed and developing countries, for the period 2000–10, adopting an instrumental variable approach to address the endogeneity issue due to potential simultaneity bias. Our results establish that increasing aid and trade with developing countries is likely to fail to contain immigration, at least in the short run. The pattern of results is consistent with the hypothesis that promoting development in migrant‐sending countries, or cooperating with such countries to control migration outflows, is not sufficient to lessen immigration. Increasing visa restrictions and controls at borders is generally controversial; still, the results imply that policymakers cannot attain their short‐term immigration goals with the so‐called smart solutions of aid and trade.     

Foreign Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Any Nexus?

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impact of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in Nigeria for 1980–2015 period. It employs Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL)-bounds test, and finds a cointegration relationship between foreign capital inflows and growth. Specifically, foreign portfolio investment has positive impact on growth, while the impact of foreign loans is negative. Nevertheless, foreign direct investment and foreign aid have insignificant impact on growth, suggesting that Nigeria cannot rely on foreign direct investment and foreign aid as vehicles to stimulate growth. Rather, an increase in foreign portfolio investment or reduction in foreign loans has beneficial effects on the economy.     

The true art of the tax deal: Evidence on aid flows and bilateral double tax agreements

Of a total of 2,976 double tax agreements (DTA s), some 60% are signed between a developing and a developed economy. As DTA s shift taxing rights from capital‐importing to capital‐exporting countries, the latter inherently benefit more from the agreements. In this paper, we argue that capital exporters use foreign aid to incite capital importers into signing DTA s. We demonstrate in a theoretical model that in a deal, one country does not trump the other, but that the deal must be mutually beneficial. In the case of an asymmetric DTA , this requires compensation from the capital‐exporting country to the capital‐importing country. Examining DTA s that are signed between donor and recipient countries between 1991 and 2012, and using a fixed effects Poisson model, we find that bilateral foreign aid commitments increase by 22% in the year of the signature of a DTA . Evaluated at the sample mean, this translates into around US$ six million additional aid commitments in a DTA signatory year.     

South Korea’s outward direct investment and its dyadic determinants: Foreign aid,bilateral treaty and economic diplomacy

This study investigates the factors that affect South Korean outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. Most previous studies focus on monadic factors and do not consider how and to what extent bilateral relationships between South Korea and the host countries affect the investment decisions of Korean firms. The current study finds that interstate factors such as South Korea's international investment treaties with and official development assistance to host countries have positive effects on FDI to these countries, while presidential visits have strong and statistically significant effects on FDI only in countries located in non-Asian regions, especially the African continent. The findings suggest that the effects of bilateral relations on South Korea's FDI vary depending on the geographic location of the host country.     

Heterogeneous immigrants,exports and foreign direct investment: The role of language skills

We investigate the interplay of language skills and immigrant stocks in determining bilateral FDI outstocks of OECD reporting countries. Applying a Poisson panel estimator to 2004–11 data, we find robust evidence for a positive effect of bilateral immigrants on bilateral FDI‐provided that residents of the two countries have few language skills in common. We find a similar effect for immigrants from third countries that speak the language(s) of the FDI host country, making them potential substitutes for bilateral migrants. Our findings suggest that immigrants facilitate outgoing FDI through their language skills, rather than through other characteristics like cultural familiarity.     

WTO贸易援助制度构建的必要性研究

贸易援助作为WTO的一项倡议,在其实施4年以来暴露出许多不足之处,且该倡议实施期限具有不确定性。贸易援助可以帮助发展中国家克服各种阻碍贸易的限制性约束,充分发挥贸易对于经济增长和降低贫困的重要作用,必须长期开展贸易援助。WTO作为全球性贸易组织,决定贸易援助只有在WTO体系内才能更为有效、全面、根本的展开。为使贸易援助长期实施并解决目前贸易援助倡议中存在的问题,必须在WTO体系内构建贸易援助制度。     

我国外汇储备增长因素的实证分析

我国我汇储备的快速增长及高额的外汇储备规模已经引发了国内学术界的广泛讨论。从我国外汇储备来源看,我国外汇快速增长的主要原因是贸易顺差、外商直接投资和投资热钱。而要控制我国外汇储备的快速增长,必须对外贸政策、外资政策和汇率政策等宏观经济政策进行调整。     

后危机时代江苏国有专业外贸公司发展

在新形势下,国有专业外贸公司的垄断地位已经丧失,面对人民币升值、金融危机等复杂的环境,江苏国有专业外贸公司如何进行转型升级是一个值得思考的问题。本文初步分析了江苏国有专业外贸公司发展情况,提出了江苏国有专业外贸公司发展的对策和建议。     

Aid for trade and export diversification in recipient‐countries

The Aid‐for‐Trade (AfT) Initiative was launched by the Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with a view to helping developing countries and the least‐developed countries (LDCs) expand their trade. The current paper contributes to the literature on AfT effectiveness by examining how AfT affects recipient‐countries' export product diversification. The analysis has been carried out on a sample of 104 AfT recipient‐countries over the period 2002–2015 and uses the two‐step system generalised methods of moments (GMM) approach. Results show that AfT flows are conducive to export product diversification in recipient‐countries. In addition, the analysis has shown a positive impact of the cumulative AfT flows on the export product diversification path of these countries. These results apply as well to the subsamples of LDCs and other developing countries. One policy implication of these results is that a scale‐up of AfT would help recipient‐countries to diversify their export products baskets and hence facilitate their greater integration into the global trading system.     

我国中小型外贸企业外汇风险管理研究

人民币汇率风险的来临,使我国中小型外贸企业承受着一定的冲击,结合当前形势以及中小型外贸企业的自身特点．分析企业当前所面临的各种外汇风险以及中小型外贸企业管理外汇风险的必要性,对中小型外贸企业的外汇风险管理提出建议．以求有效地规避风险。     

The Chinese RMB: Its Value,Its Peg,and Its Future

The valuation of the Chinese renminbi (RMB) has drawn lots of attention lately and a great deal of pressure on the part of developed nations for revaluation. In addressing the issue of valuation, this paper develops a new purchasing power parity (PPP) index of China’s exchange rate and finds that the while undervalued, the undervaluation is neither unusual nor bad policy. Moreover, China’s overall external trade balance does not seem to be that far out of equilibrium. China’s desire to join the G-7 club is likely to result in abandoning its peg, however, despite the increased risk to its economic development.JEL Classification F310     

福建省外贸增长方式转变的研究

在过去的二十多年时间里,福建经济取得了全面的发展,对外贸易也进入了一个高速发展的阶段,成为名副其实的贸易大省。但是,我们也要清醒地认识到,福建的外贸增长主要是粗放型的增长,长期依靠劳动力成本优势扩大出口的格局没有改变,依靠低效大量消耗能源、资源出口产品的现象没有得到有效控制。出口规模虽然不断扩大,但出口效益低下,竞争力较弱。这种粗放型的增长方式与福建环境、资源约束的矛盾越来越突出,贸易条件不断恶化,贸易摩擦增多,导致了贸易的不和谐。因此,粗放型的外贸增长方式难以为继,必须转变外贸增长方式,走集约型的增长道路,这是福建省所面临的各种国内外的客观条件提出的迫切要求,也是实现对外贸易可持续发展提出的迫切要求。     

我国目前的外债风险分析与防范

外债在弥补国家建设资金不足,促进国民经济快速发展方面起着重要作用。但近年我国外债规模增长速度惊人,成为世界债务大国。从各项外债指标来看,它们低于国际警戒线,但外债存在着许多潜在风险,如债务人的多头对外,国际商业贷款比重偏大,外债使用效率欠佳等。因此针对这些风险,我国应从外债借入、使用、偿还三方面来防范风险。