Foreign aid and economic growth: evidence from Cambodia

This paper attempts to examine the growth impact of foreign aid in Cambodia over the period 1980–2014, using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The study also incorporates investment and trade openness into the model. The empirical findings show that trade openness has positive effects on growth in both the short run and the long run; investment has positively contributed to growth in the long run while foreign aid has positive impact on growth only for the short run. On the contrary, in the long run, it has negative impact on investment and growth. This can be suggested that dependence on foreign aid for long periods of time does not positively contribute to investment and growth in Cambodia. In order to achieve sustainable growth and enhanced industrialization, policy-makers should move from aid dependence to promote investments through elevating domestic and foreign capital in the country.     

The true art of the tax deal: Evidence on aid flows and bilateral double tax agreements

Of a total of 2,976 double tax agreements (DTA s), some 60% are signed between a developing and a developed economy. As DTA s shift taxing rights from capital‐importing to capital‐exporting countries, the latter inherently benefit more from the agreements. In this paper, we argue that capital exporters use foreign aid to incite capital importers into signing DTA s. We demonstrate in a theoretical model that in a deal, one country does not trump the other, but that the deal must be mutually beneficial. In the case of an asymmetric DTA , this requires compensation from the capital‐exporting country to the capital‐importing country. Examining DTA s that are signed between donor and recipient countries between 1991 and 2012, and using a fixed effects Poisson model, we find that bilateral foreign aid commitments increase by 22% in the year of the signature of a DTA . Evaluated at the sample mean, this translates into around US$ six million additional aid commitments in a DTA signatory year.     

Foreign aid and trade reform: Evidence from ACP-EU data

Beside traditional motives of giving – namely, altruism and donors’ self-interest, foreign aid also serves to encourage poor countries to liberalize trade. In this paper, I use recent foreign aid data from 15 European donors to 45 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) to assess the importance of each motive. Although all the motives are important, their relative importance varies from one sub-group of donors to another. In particular, big donors such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom seem to weight more their commercial interests than other European donors; besides, recipient needs appear to be less important. Contrary to other European donors, international cooperation, measured by the correlation in the votes at the United Nations General Assemblies influences their decision to allocate aid to ACP recipients. This last finding probably reflects their relatively high political power in international fora. Finally, I introduce a dummy variable for economic partnership agreement (EPA) and find that donors do not give to support trade liberalization per se. However, large donors give more aid to ACP exporters of raw materials that engage in the EPA. This result implies that foreign aid is a device to secure access to raw materials.     

Heterogeneous immigrants,exports and foreign direct investment: The role of language skills

We investigate the interplay of language skills and immigrant stocks in determining bilateral FDI outstocks of OECD reporting countries. Applying a Poisson panel estimator to 2004–11 data, we find robust evidence for a positive effect of bilateral immigrants on bilateral FDI‐provided that residents of the two countries have few language skills in common. We find a similar effect for immigrants from third countries that speak the language(s) of the FDI host country, making them potential substitutes for bilateral migrants. Our findings suggest that immigrants facilitate outgoing FDI through their language skills, rather than through other characteristics like cultural familiarity.     

制造业及物流业吸收FDI对我国对外贸易的影响研究

外商直接投资(FDI)作为跨国公司经营资源的综合体,成为发达国家向发展中国家进行技术转移和扩散的重要载体。由于我国物流服务水平低,目前进入我国的制造业、商贸业的跨国公司,通常要把其物流的国际合作伙伴带入中国。随着全球产业的转移,中国成为世界制造业中心,外资物流也随着制造业的转移进入中国。本文在对FDI结构变化分析的基础上,结合我国FDI结构现状,探讨我国吸收FDI的对策。     

The impact of international trade on emigration in developing countries

This paper studies how international trade affects emigration in developing countries. This is a new aspect as previous studies investigated the impact of immigration on trade from host countries perspective. However, there are also reasons to believe that trade may affect the propensity to emigrate in the home countries, leading to potential brain drain in developing countries, especially given the theoretical hypothesis in Stolper–Samuelson (S–S) theorem within Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) factor-proportion model that more educated workers are more likely to emigrate due to an increase in international trade. When low-skill abundant developing countries liberalize trade, the reward of the scarce factor (skilled labor) is reduced in these countries, but it increases in the high-skill abundant developed countries. Therefore, skilled workers in the developing countries see a strong incentive to migrate to developed countries. To test this hypothesis, this paper utilizes a panel of 133 developing countries for the period of 1980–2010 and finds that high-skilled workers are more likely to emigrate with trade while there appears to be no effect of trade on low-skilled workers.     

防范外汇风险的远期市场保值与会计处理

在当前资本、贸易、生产日益国际化的条件下,我国大中型企业的国际经营业务和投资活动日益增多,面临的外汇风险也愈来愈大。防范外汇汇率变动风险带来的损失和进行相应的会计处理,是提高涉外经营企业经济效益急需解决的现实问题。     

我国中小型外贸企业外汇风险管理研究

人民币汇率风险的来临,使我国中小型外贸企业承受着一定的冲击,结合当前形势以及中小型外贸企业的自身特点．分析企业当前所面临的各种外汇风险以及中小型外贸企业管理外汇风险的必要性,对中小型外贸企业的外汇风险管理提出建议．以求有效地规避风险。     

外商直接投资对我国外贸竞争力的影响研究

本文利用2001、2002、2003年我国工业行业数据,采用加权回归的方法,检验了外商直接投资影响我国外贸竞争力的机制,结果表明,外商直接投资影响我国外贸竞争力的机制源自外商投资企业的出口活动、研发活动和与内资企业的竞争,文章最后提出了利用外商直接投资提高我国外贸竞争力的建议。     

外汇远期套期保值在物流外汇风险管理的应用

在企业物流管理买卖外汇时会面临汇率风险。调查玩具企业外汇风险状况,使用外汇远期协议对外汇交易套期保值,使企业掌握外汇远期套期保值策略,有效地规避物流外汇风险,锁定产品收益和原材料成本,把企业经营得更好。     

外商直接投资与对外贸易相互关系的实证研究

中国2001年加入世界贸易组织以后,外商直接投资和对外贸易都获得了快速的发展,对促进中国经济的飞速发展起到了巨大的推动作用。本文主要探讨2001-2010年外商直接投资与对外贸易的关系,发现进出口贸易额和外商直接投资不存在长期的稳定关系,但是中国的出口贸易额和外商直接投资存在双向的格兰杰因果关系,并且这种双向关系是互补的,进口贸易额和外商直接投资可能存在一定正向关系,但是这种关系是不显著的。     

外资企业对我国企业技术创新的非对称影响：地位与作用

从我国大规模引进外资的实际情况出发,发现外资企业只是依靠其庞大的规模提高自身在我国经济以及技术创新中的地位。它们对技术创新的积极性并不明显高于内资企业,并未起到预期的带动我国内资企业技术创新的作用,其地位和作用完全不对称。     

循环经济:实现外贸增长方式转变的战略选择

文章透过循环经济的概念、特征,具体讨论了循环经济中的外贸环境变化,指出西方发达国家以循环经济为指引通过资源有效利用法规、废物资源化利用法规及生产责任延伸法规来实现对我国出口的制约.在现实的选择中,我国必须通过提高认识、更新理念、借鉴国外经验完善本国法规等对策,实现循环经济的发展模式.     

外国直接投资与自主创新能力——基于我国西部地区企业面板数据实证分析

从20世纪80年代开始,我国西部地区为吸引外资实施了"以市场换技术"的战略.在这种战略下,自主创新的积极性却十分有限,虽然较以往相比,西部地区的技术水平总体有所提高,但这种提高是否是受外商直接投资(FDI)的影响仍值得学术界认真思考.本文通过收集2004-2008年问我国西部地区的面板数据,分析考察了外商直接投资对我国西部地区自主创新能力的影响,认为外商直接投资对我国西部地区的自主创新产生了负面效应.     

我国目前的外债风险分析与防范

外债在弥补国家建设资金不足,促进国民经济快速发展方面起着重要作用。但近年我国外债规模增长速度惊人,成为世界债务大国。从各项外债指标来看,它们低于国际警戒线,但外债存在着许多潜在风险,如债务人的多头对外,国际商业贷款比重偏大,外债使用效率欠佳等。因此针对这些风险,我国应从外债借入、使用、偿还三方面来防范风险。     

中国外商投资与贸易政策的经济学分析

文章对经典文献中的关税决定与外商投资的政治经济学模型进行了扩展,引入了内生外商投资决定机制.通过MATLAB模拟出特定数值参数下博弈的均衡解并对均衡解的性质进行讨论,得出了在一定条件下,均衡的贸易保护水平与外资水平之间存在正向关系的命题,而均衡解是高水平均衡还是低水平均衡则取决于该行业的特定行业参数,正是这些行业特定参数的差异导致了现实中复杂的贸易保护结构和外商投资水平.为了检验由模型所得出的命题,文章利用中国第三次工业普查的数据进行了实证检验,通过联立方程组计量模型对数据进行回归,结果对理论模型的结论给予了支持.     

国际保理--中小外贸公司融资的新平台

近年来,随着国际贸易竞争的日趋激烈,贸易结算方式发生了明显的变化,非信用证结算方式所占的比重越来越大。在这种情况下,主要为信用销售尤其是赊销方式而设计的一种综合性金融服务——国际保理,由于能够迎合企业在贸易融资和风险控制方面的需求,正在世界各国迅猛发展。通过分析,我们发现这一综合性金融服务与中小外贸公司的融资需求极为吻合,并进一步提出了如何利用该项服务的一些建议。     

Foreign direct investment and wages: a cross-country analysis

While globalization has led to overall economic growth in a number of countries, questions abound on its distributional effects, especially on rising wage inequality across nations. The main objective of this study is to investigate empirically the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on wages in a cross-country setting. We investigate the general equilibrium propositions that capital inflows (outflows) increase (lower) wages in host (home) countries due to the change in relative factor endowments. We also explore whether capital inflows have differential impacts on skilled and unskilled wages in developing economies. Time-series data on 26 countries, 15 developed and 11 developing, are used to fit the labour share equation derived from a translog GNP function with net FDI stock as one of its arguments. Results confirm that capital movement brings about a cross-country convergence of wages. However, there is some evidence that inward FDI flows increase the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers in developing countries.     

Effects of aid for trade on extensive and intensive margins of greenfield FDI

Using a panel dataset of 105 developing countries for the period 2003–15, this paper assesses the effects of Aid for Trade (AfT) on greenfield FDI flows to the aid‐recipient countries. Particularly, this paper classifies the total dollar value of greenfield FDI flows to each recipient country in terms of four different layers: the extensive and intensive margins of projects as well as the extensive and intensive margins of source countries. Applying the system GMM estimator, this paper finds that AfT not only increases the dollar value of FDI flows to the recipient countries but also helps diversify the greenfield projects and source countries. In addition, this paper finds that AfT has a greater effect for greenfield FDI from donor (developed) countries than from non‐donor (developing) countries. Among the three components of AfT, aid for trade‐related infrastructure and aid for trade policy regulations are found to have positive links with greenfield FDI, irrespective of source‐country groups, yet their effects are larger for developed source countries. In contrast, aid for building productive capacity hinders greenfield FDI flows from non‐donor countries, while it promotes greenfield FDI from donor countries. We offer some explanations for this finding.     

巩固江苏外贸强省地位,探讨外贸发展新趋势

在面对人民币持续升值和利率调整,发达国家和地区的经济增长速度有所下降,外贸税收政策的调整的新形势下,江苏省要保持住外贸强省地位,政府部门必须采取积极措施,迅速把握国际市场供求信息,优化出口结构,加强对出口商品价格、数量的动态监测,引导企业增强综合竞争力,提高出口的质量和效益;增加能源、资源类产品进口,以抵消人民币汇率和利率变动对企业生产的不利影响,不断提高企业应对贸易摩擦的能力,进而达到江苏对外贸易持续健康发展的目的。