Stock market development and economic growth: Evidence from seven sub-Sahara African countries

The paper examines the long run and causal relationship between stock market development and economic growth for seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test, the study finds that the stock market development is cointegrated with economic growth in Egypt and South Africa. Moreover, this test suggests that stock market development has a significant positive long run impact on economic growth. Granger causality test based on vector error correction model (VECM) further shows that stock market development Granger causes economic growth in Egypt and South Africa. However, Granger causality in the context of VAR shows evidence of bidirectional relationship between stock market development and economic growth for Cote D’Ivoire, Kenya, Morocco and Zimbabwe. In Nigeria, there is a weak evidence of growth-led finance using market size as indicator of stock market development. Based on these results, the paper argues that stock markets could help promote growth in Africa. However, to achieve this goal, African stock markets need to be further developed through appropriate regulatory and macroeconomic policies.     

新开放条件下外资、外贸与长三角区域经济增长关系研究

本文以新开放条件为背景,采用协整理论、脉冲响应函数和Granger因果检验方法就外资、外贸与长三角区域经济增长关系进行了实证分析,结果表明:(1)无论是短期,还是长期,FDI和出口都推动了经济增长,而进口只在短期内促进了经济增长,长期促进作用并不显现。(2)在短期内,FDI的经济增长效应和贸易效应存在较大的差异,前者明显大于后者。(3)FDI、出口与经济增长存在长期双向因果关系,进口只是经济增长的短期单向原因。文章最后提出相应的对策建议。     

Dynamics of FII flows and stock market returns in a major developing country: How does economic uncertainty matter?

We apply the wavelet coherency and phase difference methodology to explore the nature of the relationship and the direction of causality between foreign institutional investment (FII) flows and stock market returns across time and frequency domain for the fast-growing Indian economy. Since both variables are affected by economic uncertainty, we have estimated the partial wavelet coherency and the phase difference to discern the impact of economic uncertainty on the dynamic relationship and causality between those variables. Both the FII flows and the stock market return move together during the periods of the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis without any causality in the short run, but the stock market leads the FII inflows in the long run. However, in the bull market the stock market Granger causes the FII inflows both in the short run and in the long run. Nonetheless, economic uncertainty drives the co-movement and also masks the causality effect between those two variables. Thus, the results require policymakers to set out a transparent economic environment to reap the benefits of FII flows. As far as the FII outflows are concerned, profit booking and economic uncertainty drive the relationship and the causality in the short run. Hence, policymakers and portfolio managers should be concerned about FII outflows in the long run, while in the short run, it is a normal trading activity.     

Thresholds of financial development in the Euro area

We analyse the dynamics of financial development and economic growth in the Euro area as these countries went through considerably higher levels of financial development. Using a balanced panel data of 38 years from 1980 to 2018, we offer new evidence on the finance–growth nexus. We show the presence of non-linearity as there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between finance and growth in the long run. Estimating the thresholds in the finance–growth nexus, we notice a threshold effect at 74%–86% of GDP for domestic credit; 51% of GDP for stock turnover ratio; and 65% of GDP for stock market capitalisation. We notice that exceeding the threshold causes deceleration in economic growth as too much finance results in crowding out effect for productive economic activities. The panel Granger causality test results show that financial development should be associated with optimal growth performance. These findings in the Euro area provide some useful policy implications to the emerging and developing economies in designing their financial development strategies.     

Agricultural Export-Diversification and Economic Growth in Caribbean Countries: Cointegration and Error-Correction Models

This article uses cointegration and error-correction models to analyze the causal relationship between agricultural export diversification and economic growth in eight selected Caribbean countries using annual data from 1961 to 2000. The empirical results show that in the short run, agricultural export diversification Granger causes economic growth in Barbados and Belize. Noncausality exists for the other countries. In the long run, agricultural export diversification also Granger causes economic growth in the Dominican Republic. On the contrary, agricultural export diversification is the outcome of the economic growth process in Belize, Costa Rica, Haiti, and Jamaica, in the long run. Noncausality exists in Trinidad and Tobago. There is no evidence of bi-directional causality in any of the countries in either the short or long run.     

银行业市场结构与经济增长动态关系研究

利用协整、格兰杰因果检验和Cholesky方差分解技术,分析我国1979-2006年银行业市场结构与经济增长之间的动态关系,提出非国有银行的信贷余额的份额和经济增长存在长期的协整关系,其信贷余额的增加能够促进经济增长;非国有银行的信贷余额比例的增加是促进经济增长的原因,而反之亦然。这说明由政府主导而不是由市场诱发的我国高度集中的银行金融体制的改革促进了我国经济的发展,尤其在中国的劳动密集型行业大发展阶段。     

Financial Development,International Trade,and Economic Growth in Australia: New Evidence From Multivariate Framework Analysis

This study investigates the relationship between financial development, international trade and economic growth for Australia over the period of 1965 to 2010. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration is applied to examine the long-run relationship among the series, whereas stationarity properties of the variables are tested by applying two structural break tests. Results confirm the long-run relationship among the variables. Financial development, international trade, and capital appear as the drivers of economic growth in short and long runs. The feedback effect exists between international trade and economic growth. Financial development Granger causes economic growth validating supply-side hypothesis.     

中国能源消费与经济增长关系实证研究

采用E-G两步法对1978年～2010年间中国能源消费和经济增长之间的关系进行了协整和Granger检验,结果表明,中国能源消费与经济增长之间存在长期的均衡关系,能源消费在一定程度上促进了中国的经济增长,两者间存在着从能源消费到经济增长的单向因果关系,即能源费的增长可以直接导致国内生产总值的增加,并提出了相关政策建议。     

上海住宅建设投资与经济发展协整分析

利用协整理论和误差修正模型理论对上海市住宅建设投资和国民经济发展之间的相关关系进行研究。通过实证分析看出,上海市的住宅建设和经济发展之间具有长期的均衡关系;短期投资对于经济发展也能起到促进作用,但结果不显著;格兰杰因果分析显示,上海市住宅建设与经济发展互为因果关系。     

中国高新技术产业与经济增长的协整分析

在分析、回顾高新技术产业与经济增长关系基础上,通过运用协整理论方法对1995年～2009年国内生产总值与高新技术产业工业总产值进行分析可知：国内生产总值与高新技术产业总产值之间存在协整关系,且两者之间的均衡关系对当年非均衡误差调整的修正能力较强;在滞后期为1时,两者存在双向的格兰杰因果关系,在滞后期大于等于2时,存在单项的格兰杰因果关系。这说明,高新技术产业对经济增长有较强的拉动作用。针对这一结论,今后应努力提高高新技术的创新能力,培植高新技术产业的技术创新体系;充分发挥政府的主导作用,加强产、学、研合作;大力引进人才,造就一支多层次、高水平、复合型的人才队伍,促进高新技术产业的快速发展。     

A Quantitative Assessment of the Finance–Growth–Innovation Nexus in EEA Countries: Evidence from a Multivariate VECM

This paper uses country-level data of European Economic Area countries between 1989 and 2016 to examine the interactions between economic growth, innovation, and financial market activities, with specific reference to the bond and insurance markets. Our intent is to know whether causality runs among these variables both ways, or not at all. Using a vector error correction model, the study finds that financial market activities and economic growth determine innovation activities in these countries. Additionally, the study also finds bidirectional Granger causality between financial market activities and economic growth, as well as between innovation activities and economic growth.     

深圳金融发展与经济增长关系分析

利用深圳市金融发展与经济增长1979年至2009年年度数据,本文实证研究了金融相关比率与深圳人均实际经济增长关系,认为人均实际经济增长对金融相关比率的促进作用并不明显,但是金融储蓄结构、金融中介效率与经济增长之间的格兰杰因果关系并不显著。因此,深化深圳金融业发展应该提高金融业资金配置效率,促进金融发展由"供给主导"向"需求遵从"转变。     

贸易条件变动对中国经济增长影响的实证分析

文章根据1980-2006年的数据对价格贸易条件、收入贸易条件与经济增长之间的关系进行了经验分析,主要结论有：（1）贸易条件调整的实际GDP指标分析表明,从总体上看,价格贸易条件变化对我国的经济增长产生了负效应。（2）协整分析的结果表明,经济增长与价格贸易条件、收入贸易条件之间存在着稳定的长期均衡关系,但是价格贸易条件对经济增长的影响不显著,收入贸易条件对经济增长的影响也不是非常显著。（3）Granger因果检验、脉冲响应和方差分解也都验证了协整分析的结果。最后,根据实证分析的结果,提出了相应的对策建议。     

Time-series evidence for Balassa’s export-led growth hypothesis

This paper investigates Balassa’s export-led growth hypothesis for Greece, Ireland, Mexico, Portugal and Turkey by constructing a vector autoregression (VAR) model. On the basis of the Granger non-causality procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995), the results show that export and output are causally related in the long run for Ireland, Mexico and Portugal. Our findings cannot offer support for the causality link between export and output for Greece and Turkey. Granger-causality is uni-directional, running from export growth to economic growth in Ireland and Mexico, and running from economic growth to export growth in Portugal.     

外资企业出口与我国内资企业出口关系研究

利用协整检验、因果关系检验以及误差修正模型,对外商投资企业出口与我国内资企业出口之间的关系进行了研究。协整检验结果表明,从长期来看,外商投资企业的出口积极地促进了我国内资企业的出口;误差修正模型表明,短期来看,外商投资企业的出口对我国内资企业的出口具有替代效应;格兰杰因果关系表明,外商投资企业的出口与我国内资企业的出口之间存在双向的因果关系。     

城乡居民收入变迁对经济增长影响的实证分析

本文根据1985-2010年的经济数据,利用协整理论、误差修正模型和Granger因果检验等方法对城乡居民收入与经济增长之间的互动关系进行了实证分析。研究表明,从长期来看,农村居民收入与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的双向因果关系,而城镇居民收入与经济增长之间只存在单向的因果关系,而且农村居民收入增长对经济增长的促进作用强于城市居民收入增长带来的作用;短期内农村居民收入增长对经济增长经历了先阻碍后促进的过程,而城市居民收入增长虽不断促进经济增长,但是促进的作用逐渐下降。因此,在持续增加农村居民收入的同时,也要兼顾城市居民收入的增长。     

金融发展与经济增长:基于中国区域金融发展的实证分析

本文利用误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验对我国区域金融发展与经济增长关系进行了实证分析,结果发现区域金融发展与经济增长之间存在密切的关系.东部地区的金融发展与经济增长之间存在正向因果关系,而西部地区金融发展与经济增长之间关系则存在相互抑制关系.由此可见,中国区域金融存在显著的差异.事实上,就我国转轨经济而言,区域金融差异的形成与变化并不是区域经济发展的一个偶然结果,而是一个由中央政府制度主导到地方政府制度主导再到市场经济主体主导的渐进式制度变迁过程.     

产业内贸易与经济增长:基于协整关系的分析

运用Engle-Granger协整关系检验法和Granger因果关系检验法,利用修正后的产业内贸易指数,对我国1985-2007年间产业内贸易与经济增长之间关系进行实证研究。结果显示这两者之间存在长期稳定的关系,产业内贸易与我国经济增长之间存在双向因果关系,并提出相应的政策建议。     

房地产业与国民经济增长的实证研究

采用1978-2002年的数据,利用计量经济学中的协整检验以及格兰杰因果检验模型,对房地产业与国民经济增长之间的协整关系和因果关系分别进行检验,结果表明,两者之间并不存在长期稳定的关系;取滞后期1-3时,两者互为因果关系。     

International Tourism,Higher Education and Economic Growth: The Case of North Cyprus

This study investigates the long‐run equilibrium relationship between international tourism, higher education growth, real income growth and the direction of causality among these variables for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is not recognised by any country other than Turkey. Results reveal that international tourism and higher education are in a long‐run equilibrium relationship with real income growth; international tourism and higher education have an inelastic, yet positively significant impact on real income growth in the long‐run period. Finally, the results of the present study reveal that both the tourism‐led growth and the higher education‐led growth hypotheses are confirmed for North Cyprus.