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1.
This paper examines whether rising import penetration has an effect on the productivity of domestic firms. The study uses data on a 10-year unbalanced panel of firms in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam from 2000 to 2009. Panel and instrumental variable methods are used to control firm heterogeneity and endogeneity of import penetration. We find statistically significant and negative effects of import competition on local firms’ productivity, but the effect in terms of magnitude is economically small. Further investigation shows no clear evidence of variations in the effects by firm size and technological level. However, we find that rising import penetration is associated with the likelihood of firm death.  相似文献   

2.
2008年金融危机爆发后,美国政府意识到实体经济的重要性,开始引导制造业回流,即鼓励美国的制造业企业将其投资和生产由国外向国内转移。在此情况下,美国制造业回流政策与我国正处于转型升级关键阶段的产业存在较强的竞争关系,本文具体分析美国制造业回流政策对我国出口贸易的影响机制,即通过挤占中低端制造业市场份额、限制高端制造业发展空间、改变中国出口贸易产品结构对我国出口贸易产生影响,并选取2003—2018年的相关数据进行检验并分析得出:无论短期内还是从长期来看,美国制造业回流政策对出口贸易产生了较大的负面影响,我国需要对此情况做出积极的应对。  相似文献   

3.
    
The paper aims to investigate the relationship between distributive trade (wholesale and retail trade) and productivity growth across Italian provinces. In most studies, the potential determinants of productivity in the distributive trade have been investigated, while the impact of these activities on economic growth of the whole system has received less attention. By using panel data during the time period 2000–2013, the paper tests if the increase in the share of employees in distributive trade over the given period has promoted the productivity growth. This study applies both a random-effects model and, among the dynamic panel data estimators, a generalized method of moments estimator (GMM). In order to control both the issue of endogeneity, due to the presence of some potentially endogenous variables among the explanatory variables, and the problem of instrument proliferation, the GMM estimator is implemented together with a statistical method, which reduces the number of instruments when the set of endogenous variables is wide. The findings show that the distributive trade has a strong positive impact on the productivity growth. Moreover, this link is reinforced when we control the potential endogeneity. The results also support the idea that distributive trade can promote provincial convergence.  相似文献   

4.
本文从贸易和金融渠道对我国受到其他新兴经济体的外部冲击的可能性进行了评估,并借助GVAR(Global Vector Auto-Regressive)模型方法,考虑了世界各国的交互影响来分析新兴市场国家的宏观经济波动对中国进出口产生的影响。研究发现,区域内的新兴经济市场对我国影响更为显著,韩国、印度、中国香港发生宏观经济波动时对我国进出口贸易可能造成较大的影响。基本上,中国对外贸易对韩国遭受冲击后的反应快且大,但受影响时间较短,人民币汇率波动在应对外部冲击时发挥了一定作用。中国和印度贸易合作关系大于竞争关系。  相似文献   

5.
刘海洋  孔祥贞 《商业研究》2011,(10):128-132
采用2005-2008年东三省持续存在的8 932家企业面板数据,本文检验了生产率和货款回收因素在出口中的作用,发现出口企业的全要素生产率、货款回收率都高于非出口企业,这说明该地区并不存在出口"生产率悖论;"高生产率和规避国内账款回收困难是企业出口的决定因素,通过对应收账款的内生性分析发现这一结果是稳健的;企业所有制性质、企业规模也会促进出口,而利润和企业成立年限对出口的影响并不显著。因此,提升企业效率、改善企业运行机制、健全社会信用制度是我国亟待解决的现实问题。  相似文献   

6.
    
The empirical trade literature examining the effect of tariff reductions on productivity commonly proxies the former with Nominal Tariff Rates (NTR) and estimates the latter as the production function residual. In the context of the South African trade reform experience, we examine the different channels by which tariff cuts affect productivity growth. Using industry-level data for the manufacturing sector and covering the reform period from 1994 to 2004, we disentangle the differential effect of increased foreign competition, proxied by reductions in NTR, and that of the imported technology, proxied by the reductions in Input Tariff Rates (ITR), on productivity growth. Our measure of efficiency growth controls for the effect of tariff reductions on markups. The results suggest that the efficiency difference between foreign and domestic inputs has a major effect on productivity gains. Declines in ITR significantly raise productivity growth compared to an insignificant effect for NTR. Additionally, we find that higher protection rates are associated with higher markups, albeit this finding is not robust across all specifications.  相似文献   

7.
文章借助WTO与世界银行联合建立的Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal数据库构建服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率指标,选取Trade in value-added数据库2005年至2015年27个国家(地区)制造业增加值出口的国内增加值和国外增加值数据,通过实证分析,得出结论:(1)服务贸易协定生效在短时间内对制造业国内增加值和国外增加值出口存在显著的促进效应,且随着生效年限增加,促进效应也在加强;(2)服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率越高,对制造业增加值出口的促进作用越强。根据国家收入水平对服务贸易协定进行分类的异质性分析结果显示:(1)发达国家(地区)与其他国家(地区)签订服务贸易协定对其制造业增加值出口的提升没有显著正向影响,甚至表现出负面影响;(2)发展中国家(地区)之间签订的服务贸易协定能够在生效2年后显著促进发展中国家(地区)制造业国外增加值出口。  相似文献   

8.
贸易转营销:出口交易模式的转型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中国制造业的出口转型,既是出口价值链的转型,也是出口交易模式的转型。在资本国际化和生产国际化已占主导地位的条件下,在许多制造业国际市场越来越趋于垄断竞争和寡占竞争的条件下,制造业的出口,需要转向适应资本国际化和体现产业资本垄断优势的营销交易模式,原有的适应商品国际化、体现自由竞争和比较优势的贸易交易模式已经不再适应。  相似文献   

9.
This paper attempts to reconcile the often inconclusive evidence on the role of FDI in the process of economic development by taking into account the heterogeneity both among industries and among countries. Using a comparable database at the industry level for 35 countries in the OECD, Asia and Eastern Europe from 1987 to 2002, we test for the influence of both stage of development and sectoral FDI patterns in the relationship between FDI and productivity growth. In certain industries and for the catching-up countries, a significant and positive relationship emerges when FDI coincides with high investment or export orientation.  相似文献   

10.
本文根据2018版OECD-ICIO数据,采用贸易增加值测算法测度了2005-2015年中国出口制造业投入服务化水平,我们发现:在考虑出口二元结构的条件下,2005-2015年中国制造业整体投入服务化水平平均值为26.89%,呈上升趋势;国内投入服务化水平高于国外且呈现出不断"以国内服务替代国外服务"的变动趋势;相比于一般贸易,加工贸易出口制造业投入服务化水平更高但增速较缓,加工贸易国内服务投入比重较低但服务化增速较快;相比于资本和知识密集型制造业,劳动密集型制造业的高端生产性服务尤其是国内高端服务投入比重较低。  相似文献   

11.
危机冲击与中国贸易“超调式”震荡的经验分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从总量层面、贸易国别层面以及BEC产品类别层面,对本轮全球金融危机冲击下中国进、出口贸易的波动情况进行了分析。结果表明,中国进、出口贸易不仅在总量层面上表现出十分显著的"超调式"震荡特征,而且"超调式"震荡特征有着显著的贸易国别差异性和产品类别差异性。综合分析后发现,本轮危机冲击下中国进、出口贸易的"超调式"震荡与当代国际分工的演进以及中国在全球分工中的定位有关。据此得到启示:一方面,不应过分夸大贸易波动可能引发的风险进而转向所谓"内需主导型"发展模式,另一方面,缓解危机冲击下贸易大幅震荡应从构建国家价值链入手。  相似文献   

12.
短期国内外经济冲击对广东省出口贸易影响的实证分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
美国次贷危机引致世界经济发展减速、国内外生产要素价格上升导致成本提高以及人民币升值等因素对广东省出口形成冲击。文章基于月度数据,通过协整检验、格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应函数和方差分解,分析各因素的影响程度。实证结果表明,进口减速、原材料价格上升、国外需求下降、劳动力成本上升及人民币升值都是导致广东省出口贸易减速的主要原因。解决这一问题的基本思路为转变外贸增长方式、分散出口风险、优化进口结构、增加内需及适度调整人民币币值。  相似文献   

13.
基于出口数量与出口价格视角,探讨金融危机后中国频遭贸易壁垒的内因。利用2008年美国从160个国家进口的HS编码92版本六分位贸易数据,基于扩展的引力模型,进行计量分析,结果发现:在控制经济发展水平、经济规模、贸易成本、产品特征等因素后,中国对美国的出口数量高于其应有水平,价格低于其应有水平,这是中国出口的特殊性,也是中国频遭贸易壁垒的内因。  相似文献   

14.
浅析绿色制造工艺在机械加工中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
当前机械加工工业中存在着能源的大量浪费,对环境造成的污染日益严重,通过绿色制造工艺技术机械加工中的应用来达到节约资源、保护环境的目的。对绿色制造工艺概念和内容进行了介绍,对实现干切削的刀具技术、机床技术和工艺技术等进行了探讨,并介绍采用MQL的准干切削和在特殊气体氛围进行的干切削。  相似文献   

15.
    
This paper aimed at investigating the existence of productivity spillovers and their transmission channels in both Kenya and Malaysia firm-level panel data from the manufacturing sector for the period 2000–2005. Both countries have a long history of relying on FDI in industrial development. The existing literature on productivity spillovers suggests that productivity spillovers may be one of the most important effects that foreign MNEs impart to local firms in developing countries. Yet still, few studies exist in both countries on productivity spillovers and their transmission channels. Three spillover channels were examined: demonstration, competition, and information. In addition, the backward linkage channel was examined for the case of Malaysia. The results reveal that there is limited evidence of negative productivity spillovers from foreign firms to domestic firms through the competition effects in Kenya. In Malaysia, there is evidence of positive spillovers from foreign-owned firms to domestic firms through the demonstration effects. In addition, there is evidence of negative spillovers through the competition effects as well as backward linkages. There is also evidence of positive productivity spillovers from domestic firms to foreign-owned firms through backward linkages. Productivity spillovers are found to be dependent on the technology gap.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Foreign trade offices (FTOs) are an important, little-understood element in the export promotion portfolio of U.S. state export promotion organizations. The value of these organizations is in dispute. In recent years California closed its FTOs in response to budgetary pressures, claiming that these organizations exist primarily to enhance the political standing of politicians rather than to act as effective export development tools. During the same period Washington State opened several new FTOs. Clearly the value of these organizations is in dispute. Another consideration in the effectiveness of U.S. exporters is the subnational contour of the American economic system. State business climates vary considerably, thereby influencing exporter success as well as those programs (such as FTOs) intended to improve firm performance. We hypothesize and find that (a) state entrepreneurial climate is positively related to state exports and (b) FTO network entry activities amplify the impact of state entrepreneurial climate on state exports. Implications for firms and policy makers are explored.  相似文献   

17.
    
This paper examines a set of strategic factors related to managerial attitudes, firm characteristics and export development support programmes which are important in determining export readiness and performance. The study differentiates between Canadian exporters and non-exporters of different sizes and levels of export activity. Using discriminant analysis, the author identifies strategic variables which relate to export status. The discriminant model performs well above a prioriexpectations in effectively classifying firms as non-exporters, minor exporters or major exporters and identifies the strategic factors influential in developing export-oriented firms.  相似文献   

18.
戴翔  张二震 《财贸研究》2012,23(3):49-58
从开放经济条件下的国民收入恒等式入手,构建一个简单的在产出上具有相互依赖关系的两国模型,力图在理论上回答短期的贸易保护主义措施是否应该成为应对危机冲击的政策工具。理论模型分析所形成的基本判断是:关税以及优先购买本国货等非关税壁垒,不但不能增加国内产出从而促进经济复苏,反而有害;提升自主性消费和增加政府支出相对于贸易保护主义而言才是更为有效的短期选择。进一步的数值模拟为上述判断提供了支持。在以国际生产分割为主要表现形式的当代国际分工深入演进的大趋势下,倡导和坚持贸易投资自由化,是应对危机、走出危机、实现经济可持续增长的理性选择。  相似文献   

19.
    
Han Wu  Jie Li  Yu Zhao 《The World Economy》2023,46(1):276-301
Using Chinese customs data spanning from 2000 to 2013, we explore how foreign demand shocks in exporting markets impact product switching, factor adjustments, and export quality of Chinese exporting firms. We document that positive demand shocks would render firms to expand product scope by increasing the number of added varieties and decreasing the number of dropped varieties. In line with the expansion of product scope, firms adjust their factor reallocations by hiring more employees and producing in a more capital-intensive way when facing higher positive demand shocks. Higher capital intensity induces productivity improvement, and thus increases firms' export revenue, export price, and export-product quality. We also document that positive foreign demand shocks render firms to concentrate less on their core varieties by skewing their export sales away from the best performing products.  相似文献   

20.
通过构建贸易便利化水平测量指标体系,本文测算了中国及48个主要贸易伙伴2007-2012年贸易便利化水平的变化情况,并利用改进的"引力模型"就贸易便利化对中国出口贸易影响进行了实证分析,在假定各国贸易便利化水平分别提升50%情景下模拟测算了2012年中国出口贸易的增长潜力。结果显示:中国贸易便利化现阶段处于"中游"水平,与2007年相比,2012年中国的贸易便利化水平略有提升;基础设施对中国出口影响最大,其次是电子商务,规则环境和海关环境的影响不显著;在贸易便利化水平提升50%的情景下,中国对48个主要贸易伙伴的出口均会有不同幅度的增长,其中对发达国家的出口增长潜力明显大于对发展中国家的出口。  相似文献   

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