濮阳市污水处理厂运行中常见的异常情况原因分析及控制

<正>濮阳市污水处理厂采用的是A2/O氧化沟工艺,是污水生物处理法中典型的活性污泥法处理生活污水的成熟工艺。其工艺原理是污水通过厌氧、缺氧、好氧三个阶段。在厌氧段,回流污泥与入流污水混合,聚磷菌将其在好氧段超量吸收的磷释放,同时吸收低级脂肪酸等易降解的有机物,去除少部分BOD。     

农村生活污水治理分析

目前,我国每年的废(污)水排放总量很大,其中大部分未经处理就直接排入江河湖泊,部分湖泊受到了不同程度的污染,有近60%的城市没有污水处理厂,农村地区的生活污水基本上未经过处理就直接排放,农村生活污水治理已经影响到现代新农村的建设。因此,农村环境污染越来越受到人们的关注。文章针对农村生活污水的实际情况,介绍了农村生活污水处理的一些技术与措施,期望能为我国农村污水治理分析的研究提供有益的借鉴作用。     

船舶生活污水污染与其治理方案分析

随着人们生活水平的提高,生态理念的融入,我国船舶生活污水问题引起相关人士的关注,本文对船舶生活污水污染与其治理方案的分析,从船舶生活污水的内涵与污染危害入手,了解现阶段船舶生活污水存在的问题,进一步阐释船舶生活污水治理方案。对船舶生活污水污染治理方案的分析,为相关污水治理者提供了借鉴,这有利于提高人们生态理念的意识,促进了我国船舶生活污水的合理排放。     

城市污水设计流量的预测

城市综合生活污水包括居民生活污水和城市公共设施污水。而公共设施污水指娱乐场所、宾馆、浴室、商业网点、学校、机关办公室等排出的污水。一般城市综合生活污水根据居民生活污水定额、综合生活污水定额和污水量总变化系数确定。     

基于双滤料技术的电厂生活污水处理应用探讨

基于双滤料技术的电厂生活污水处理技术改变了以往基于生物接触氧化法和地埋式电厂生活污水处理方法借助化学添加剂进行污水处理的方式,该方式更有利于污水中悬浮物的吸收,同时落实了以废治废的先进污水治理理念,更符合清洁生产的要求,文章对其实际应用进行分析。     

地埋式污水渗滤处理设备技术分析

我国农村生活污水随意排放,污染了当地的河流、湖泊等水资源。随着农村居民生活质量的不断提高,农村生活污水处理也加大了力度。在处理农村生活污水时,地埋式污水渗滤处理设备能够提高农村生活污水的处理技术。笔者就此论述了农村生活污水的特点,并全面分析了地埋式污水渗滤处理设备处理农村生活污水的技术,以期实现污染治理和农村生活污水低费运行的双重目标。     

我国城市生活污水处理研究进展

水是生命之源,对人类的生存发展起着至关重要的作用。生活污水污染面源广且危害大,针对生活污水的治理迫在眉睫。对生活污水的来源危害、研究现状和处理工艺进行了论述。     

原子吸收分析法在中水处理中的应用

本文介绍原子吸收分析方法的原理和特点，并对于应用范围进行详细的介绍。该分析方法适用于饮用水、地面水、生活污水及工业废水中金属元素的测定。     

探讨污水处理厂节能减排的实现

现代社会的发展,各个企业不断扩大生产规模,城市人口密度不断提高,城市人口的生活等各个方面产生的污水,给环境造成了极大的影响,需要对其进行有效的治理,避免其影响到城市人口的生活质量及生存环境。污水处理厂则是对该类问题进行处理的机构,其能够对污水进行处理,有效的改善环境,并充分利用水资源,在城市的运行管理中发挥着极为重要的作用。由于污水处理厂的运行过程极为复杂,属于资源密集型产业,其在能源的消耗方面较大,该因素也使得其污水处理的效果受到一定的影响。社会资源紧缺现象引起了社会各界的高度关注,国家也一再倡导节约型社会,污水处理厂也需要在各个环境进行节能减排,减少能源的消耗,提高社会效益。本文简单说明了污水处理厂的能源消耗情况,并提出了几点节能减排的措施,为污水处理厂的管理人员提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

CASS法工艺在小城镇污水处理中的应用

<正>"十二五"国民经济和社会发展规划纲要中,明确提出氨氮减排10%的目标。污染物减排已经逐渐成为城镇发展的约束条件,很多中小城镇也加大了在生活污水处理厂建设和运行等方面的投资。因此,针对中小城镇的特点,采用合适的污水处理工艺是十分重要的。本文主要是针对中小城镇生活污水水量小和水质变化较大的特点,重点介绍一下其污水处理厂的设计和建设情况,为污水处理厂的设计和运行提供参考。     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Analysis of high dimensional multivariate stochastic volatility models

This paper is concerned with the Bayesian estimation and comparison of flexible, high dimensional multivariate time series models with time varying correlations. The model proposed and considered here combines features of the classical factor model with that of the heavy tailed univariate stochastic volatility model. A unified analysis of the model, and its special cases, is developed that encompasses estimation, filtering and model choice. The centerpieces of the estimation algorithm (which relies on MCMC methods) are: (1) a reduced blocking scheme for sampling the free elements of the loading matrix and the factors and (2) a special method for sampling the parameters of the univariate SV process. The resulting algorithm is scalable in terms of series and factors and simulation-efficient. Methods for estimating the log-likelihood function and the filtered values of the time-varying volatilities and correlations are also provided. The performance and effectiveness of the inferential methods are extensively tested using simulated data where models up to 50 dimensions and 688 parameters are fit and studied. The performance of our model, in relation to various multivariate GARCH models, is also evaluated using a real data set of weekly returns on a set of 10 international stock indices. We consider the performance along two dimensions: the ability to correctly estimate the conditional covariance matrix of future returns and the unconditional and conditional coverage of the 5% and 1% value-at-risk (VaR) measures of four pre-defined portfolios.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions

The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework to position sustainable entrepreneurship in relation to sustainability innovation. The framework builds on a typology of sustainable entrepreneurship, develops it by including social and institutional entrepreneurship, i.e. the application of the entrepreneurial approach towards meeting societal goals and towards changing market contexts, and relates it to sustainability innovation. The framework provides a reference for managers to introduce sustainability innovation and to pursue sustainable entrepreneurship. Methodologically, the paper develops an approach of qualitative measurement of sustainable entrepreneurship and how to assess the position of a company in a classification matrix. The degree of environmental or social responsibility orientation in the company is assessed on the basis of environmental and social goals and policies, the organization of environmental and social management in the company and the communication of environmental and social issues. The market impact of the company is measured on the basis of market share, sales growth and reactions of competitors. The paper finds conditions under which sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation emerge spontaneously. The research has implications for theory and practitioners in that it clarifies which firms are most likely under specific conditions to make moves towards sustainability innovation. The paper makes a contribution in showing that extant research needs to be expanded with regard to motivations for innovation and that earlier models of sustainable entrepreneurship need to be refined. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

From Socialist Subject to Capitalist Object: Industry Enclave Life Past and Present in Wuhan

There is no better place to explore the relationship of industry enclaves to urban life than China, where traditional danweis (work units) have coexisted with new foreign direct investment enclaves. Here we draw on original interviews with workers at Wuhan Iron and Steel Company (WISCO) and Foxconn in the city of Wuhan to examine industry enclaves old and new in terms of their spatial arrangement, work, institutions, and social life and identity. The article is one of the first to integrate urban and economic geographical perspectives on the subject of enclaves. It provides evidence of similarities and contrasts in the spatial arrangement of work, institutions, life and identity centred on industry enclaves old and new. These contrasts reflect wider relations between the state and the market and between social subject and commodified labour in China. In conclusion, we identify several research directions concerning the scale, diversity and reach of urban enclavism in China and beyond.     

WHAT'S TO KNOW ABOUT THE CREDIBILITY OF EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS?

The scientific credibility of economics is itself a scientific question that can be addressed with both theoretical speculations and empirical data. In this review, we examine the major parameters that are expected to affect the credibility of empirical economics: sample size, magnitude of pursued effects, number and pre‐selection of tested relationships, flexibility and lack of standardization in designs, definitions, outcomes and analyses, financial and other interests and prejudices, and the multiplicity and fragmentation of efforts. We summarize and discuss the empirical evidence on the lack of a robust reproducibility culture in economics and business research, the prevalence of potential publication and other selective reporting biases, and other failures and biases in the market of scientific information. Overall, the credibility of the economics literature is likely to be modest or even low.     

Entrepreneurial action and the Euro-American social science tradition: pragmatism,realism and looking beyond ‘the entrepreneur’

Entrepreneurship studies are dominated by the disciplines of economics and psychology and work within a limiting methodological frame of reference; a ‘scientistic’ and individualistic framework that dominates the US-led mainstream of research. To achieve a more balanced scholarship, it is helpful to look at an alternative style of research and analysis which has deep and intertwined European and American roots. This looks to other social sciences such as sociology, as well as to history and the philosophy of science. Its adoption would encourage to shift the focus away from ‘entrepreneurs’ and onto the much broader phenomenon of entrepreneurial action or ‘entrepreneuring’ in its societal and institutional contexts. Such a shift would open up a greatly expanded range of research questions and enable a better balance to be achieved between attention to individual entrepreneurial actors and their organizational, societal and institutional contexts. A pragmatist and realist frame of reference, which recognizes both the importance of processes of social construction and the existence of a ‘real world’, has considerable potential to enrich and expand the scope of entrepreneurship scholarship.     

How do supply chain management and information systems practices influence operational performance? Evidence from emerging country SMEs

This study first provides a comparative analysis of the impact of supply chain management (SCM) and information systems (IS) practices on operational performance (OPER) of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in two neighbouring emerging country markets of Turkey and Bulgaria. Then, we investigate moderating effects of both SCM–IS-linked enablers and inhibitors on the links between SCM and IS practices and OPER of SMEs. To this end, we first empirically identify the underlying dimensions of SCM and IS practices, and SCM–IS-related enabling and inhibiting factors. Second, a series of regression analyses are undertaken to estimate the impact of the study's constructs on OPER of SMEs. The results are discussed comparatively within the contexts of both Turkish and Bulgarian SMEs and beyond. The study makes a significant contribution to the extant literature through obtaining and analysing cross-national survey data of SCM and IS practices in emerging country markets.     

公路工程施工组织设计探析

近些年,国家对基础性建设的投入越来越大,我们的公路建设也日益增多。公路工程是一项综合性、系统性较强的工程,是集路基、路面、路线、桥涵、隧道等于一体的综合体系。随着经济社会的发展和施工工艺的不断进步,人们对公路工程的要求也更加严格。为了保证公路建设的正常施工,就需要工程设计按时按量完成。而如何处理好质量与工期的矛盾则是公路设计者面临的难题。本文对公路工程设计的重要性,步骤等进行一个分析研究。