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1.
To overcome the drawbacks in estimating the rate of input substitution in existing econometric models, our paper is first
to estimate the absolute/net rate of input substitution of capital and labor for energy in China’s industrial sector. Based
on trans-log cost function with constant elasticity of substitution and combined MES method with technology progress and output
effect, our paper finds a significant substitution relationship between labor and energy and an uncertain substitution relationship
between capital and energy with some complementary characteristics. Furthermore, technology progress and output effect are
found to have enhanced the substitution of labor for energy in the past 30 years. Based on these empirical findings, constructive
suggestions are made concerning the medium and long-term development strategy of energy in China’s industrial sector.
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Translated from Shuliang jingji jishu jingji yanjiu 数量经济技术经济研究 (The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics), 2008, (5): 30–42 相似文献
2.
近年来,随着我国经济高速发展,能源需求日益增加,“电荒”现象愈演愈烈。主要原因是由于价格机制不顺,包括电网与电源企业利益分配失衡,火电与新能源价格、电煤与煤电价格、高油价与电价、电价与CPI等机制的不协调。只有理顺价格机制,才能彻底解决电荒危机。 相似文献
3.
Umut Kılınç 《Economics of Transition》2014,22(3):397-432
This paper attempts to find a robust method of measuring competition when firms' operational activities are subject to frictions. The first part theoretically tests the indicative quality of two competition measures, the price‐cost margin (PCM) and the profit elasticity, in a model of monopolistic competition. The second part studies the empirical performance of the indices for a panel of Ukrainian manufacturing firms. This study offers a new approach to measuring profit elasticity that relies on structural estimation of a production function. The estimation methodology retrieves a productivity index that is adjusted to imperfect competition. The proposed method of measuring profit elasticity is found to be robust to frictions, but the PCM and traditional profit elasticity are biased, especially when the intensity of competition is low. Empirical findings show that competition exhibits a significantly positive correlation with aggregate productivity performance, while its impact on firm productivity is nonlinear. 相似文献
4.
The finding of clustering in financial prices on particular digits is common across a broad range of financial markets. This article explores whether price clustering is also present in the case of the weekly market for seasonal water in rural Victoria, Australia. We find a similar degree of clustering in the seasonal water market. This suggests that the trading activities of the market produce characteristics that are similar to more sophisticated and deeper financial markets. 相似文献
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中国的经济转型与经济增长质量:基于TFP贡献的考察 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
影响经济发展结果的不仅仅是经济增长的速度,还有经济增长的质量.经济增长的质量也是一国经济发展的重要内容之一.经济转型实质是一场大规模的制度变迁过程,经济转型的关键是"使制度正确",形成社会制度结构中的关键变量--社会激励结构,节约经济增长过程中的交易成本,形成提高经济增长质量的激励和治理机制.中国特有的经济转型与经济增长质量变化之间存在密切关系,本文运用全要素生产率的贡献度来对我国1978年改革以来的经济增长质量进行量化,在实证研究基础上得出体现我国经济转型的市场化率、工业化率、城市化率与经济增长质量之间是正向的相关关系,我国的经济转型在一定程度上促进了经济增长质量的提高. 相似文献
7.
国内外能源相对价格与中国的能源效率 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
提高能源效率是实现经济可持续发展和减少污染排放的根本途径。基于非线性平滑转换模型的分析显示,能源价格对能源效率的影响机制存在非线性的平滑转换。机制转换的主要引导因素是国内外能源价格指数的相对变化,机制转换的阈值近似为1。目前我国能源价格对能源效率的影响比较接近高效机制运行,增强能源价格的灵活性,可以实现能源消费者的自我选择,是提高我国能源效率的可行选择。 相似文献
8.
随着环境的变化,企业有时候要调低产品价格。本文针对一些企业错误地应用关于降价与总收益关系的传统结论的现象,结合数学和经济学,提出了很多命题,对降价与总收益之间的关系揭示得很清楚,对于传统的需求价格弹性理论关于降价与总收益之间关系的不完全准确认识的一种修正,也是对需求价格弹性理论应用的拓展;且本文分别用图形形象地表示出降价与总收益之间的关系,结合企业在调低价格后给予一定的指导——企业降价后还要进行跟踪调查、还要根据效果采取相应措施、要关注客户需求量的变化、降价不是拍脑袋的事情,这具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
9.
城市水价上涨对居民用水的影响分析——以银川市为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
城市水价上涨对居民用水的影响主要体现在居民用水量和水价承受力两方面.文章通过对银川市1981~2006年的城市居民人均可支配收入、用水量、水价的综合分析和模拟,得出银川市城市居民用水的收入弹性和价格弹性指数,量化研究了水价和收入变化对居民用水量的影响,并依据收入将居民划分为不同阶层,分别研究其对水价的承受能力.计算结果表明水价的小幅提高不能抑制人均用水量的增加;虽然银川城市水价在整体还有上涨空间,但水价上涨已经对低收入群体产生了不小的压力.因此政府不能仅仅依赖上调水价来减少居民用水量,而更应注重水价结构的调整,同时改革过程中应做好社会保障工作.兼顾社会公平. 承受力两方面.文章通过对银川市1981~2006年的城市居民人均可支配收入、用水量、水价的综合分析和模拟,得出银川市城市居民用水的收入弹性和价格弹性指数,量化研究了水价和收入变化对居民用水量的影响,并依据收入将居民划分为不同阶层,分别研究其对水价的承受能力.计算结果表明水价的小幅提高不能抑制人均用水量的增加;虽然银川城市水价在整体还有上涨空问,但水价上涨已经对低收入群体产生了不小的压力.因此政府不能仅仅依赖上调水价来减少居民用水量,而更应注重水价结构的调 ,同时改革过程中应做好社会保障工作.兼顾社会公平. 承受力两 相似文献
10.
In this paper we present estimates of the responses of individuals to marginal tax rates in their reporting of income, using
data from individual tax returns for the year 1995. One estimation method is ordinary least squares regression. A second method
uses quantile regression, which provides evidence on behavioral responses at different points (or quantiles) in the distribution
of income and so is relevant to the question of whether the responses of, say, the rich differ from those at other points
in the income distribution. Our results clearly indicate that marginal tax rates affect the reporting decisions of individuals.
However, there are significant differences in the marginal tax rate reporting responses for the various types of reported
income, there are major differences across income classes, and there are notable differences in the estimated responses across
estimation methods.
相似文献
James AlmEmail: |
11.
2008年的金融危机导致煤炭大省山西经济增长剧烈下滑,原因在于经济的周期性变化导致煤炭价格波动比一般产品强烈。本文对煤炭价格波动的原因从供求两方面进行了分析,煤炭供求的低价格弹性、经济周期、预期、替代品价格波动、以及成本等因素的影响导致煤炭价格的剧烈波动。在资源型区域,煤炭价格波动导致生产要素集中在煤炭产业,引发“反工业化”现象。基于山西的实证分析验证了煤炭价格的剧烈波动,近年来的数据也显示煤炭价格波动导致山西经济增长波动,并出现了“反工业化”现象,拉大了收入差距。 相似文献
12.
We estimate effective price elasticities for different quantiles of the demand distribution of the UK National Lottery and the Canadian Lotto 649. We show that price elasticities vary significantly from draw to draw and have a tendency to increase with lottery participation and jackpot size. Our findings indicate that setting lottery rules on the basis of mean effective price elasticities should be faced with caution because expected profits are negatively related to the evident variation of elasticities among lottery draws. We also simulate alternative active rollover distributions and show that limiting the rollover accumulation by withholding portions and ploughing them back in future nonrollover draws is potentially profitable. 相似文献
13.
中国"超额货币"成因的进一步检验 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
中国的超额货币一直是理论界颇有争议的话题,因而关于超额货币成因的理论假说有很多种。基于对以往的理论假说进行总结与质疑的基础上,利用货币需求的收入弹性与价格弹性对交易方程式进行调整,并利用中国1991-2003年的数据对调整后的模型进行检验,结果发现:货币需求的收入弹性与价格弹性的变化是导致中国超额货币存在的主要原因。 相似文献
14.
论住房的刚性需求 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
钟庭军 《经济理论与经济管理》2009,(9):16-21
住房刚性需求是需求收入弹性较大而价格弹性较小的具有一定购买力的消费性需求。在刚性需求内部具有不同级别的\"刚性\",刚性渐减的顺序是货币化的拆迁性需求、婚房需求、改善型需求。对于不同性质的城市,其住房刚性需求是不同的,政治性城市住房刚性需求比较大,开放性城市刚性需求变化较大;在现阶段,由于房价财富幻觉导致了刚性需求加速效应和叠加效应。制度变迁、房价和收入都是影响住房刚性需求的重要因素。 相似文献
15.
Weiwei Liu 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(16):1153-1156
This article uses a new identification strategy to estimate the demand for gasoline. I show that the monthly gasoline price is endogenous to gasoline demand at the state level, and that gasoline tax and domestic oil first purchasing price together are strong and valid instruments to correct for the endogeneity bias. In addition to estimating the price elasticity, this article also provides an estimate of the income elasticity. These updated estimates are critical factors in evaluating the environmental effect of gasoline tax and forecasting gasoline consumption. 相似文献
16.
Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper. 相似文献
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18.
构建了一个包含煤炭、石油、天然气和电力4种能源投入要素及时间趋势变量的超越对数生产函数,实证检验了1979—2009年山东省各能源要素的产出弹性、替代弹性及技术进步差异。结果表明:自改革开放以来,山东省的能源要素投入系统存在中性技术进步,技术进步率呈逐年递增趋势;山东省各能源要素的产出弹性逐年提高,按其均值由高到低排序依次是电力、石油、煤炭和天然气;1979—2009年期间煤炭与石油、煤炭与电力、石油与电力以及天然气与电力的替代弹性均大于1,石油与天然气的替代弹性虽然小于1,但自2000年后逐渐增大;山东省各能源要素的技术进步差异较小,按能源要素的技术进步率由高到低排序依次是煤炭、石油、电力和天然气。 相似文献
19.
Jagjit S. Chadha 《International Review of Applied Economics》2004,18(3):271-287
Explicit modelling of factor markets clarifies two fundamental aspects of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC). First, we clarify the relationship between output and marginal cost. Second, for the NKPC in inflation–output space, we identify the key stochastic influences on inflation without recourse to ad hoc cost or excess demand shocks. The econometric implementation of this clarified NKPC, which evolves strictly according news on the stream of future marginal costs, allows us jointly to derive inflation as a forecast of future variables. Our approach clarifies the empirical successes and failures of the NKPC and allows us to provide new aggregate evidence on the degree of price rigidity in the UK economy. 相似文献
20.
双边市场与平台理论研究综述 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
有关双边市场和平台理论的研究是近年来产业经济学的最新进展之一.传统的"单边"市场仅涉及商品的交易,但在双边市场中,"平台"则成为核心,它通过实现两种(或多种)顾客之间的接触获取利润.研究中一般将双边市场分为交易中介、媒体、支付工具、软件平台等四种类型,根据这一划分对这四个方面的研究成果进行综述,总结各领域所重点关注的问题、得到的主要结论及研究中的重点,并指出未来可能的研究方向. 相似文献