The relationship between export market orientation and export performance: an empirical study

This article investigates the relationship between export market orientation and export performance in Saudi export firms. Questionnaire method was used to collect the data from managers of export firms with the mediating role of export strategy. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) implemented using AMOS software. Results of SEM analysis showed that export market orientation has impact on export performance. The mediator variable export strategy was found to have partial mediation role in the relationship. This article joins the literature of international trade by adding the perspective of Saudi export firms. Managers of export firms can employ the study to support their firm towards the effect of market orientation on their performance.     

我国服务贸易进口与制造业出口竞争力关系研究

在统计我国服务贸易进口额和制造业11个重点行业出口额的基础上,以面板数据结合多元回归方法实证服务贸易进口与我国制造业出口竞争力关系。结果显示：①总体上我国服务贸易进口增长有利于制造业出口竞争力的提升;②不同部门服务贸易进口的增长对制造业出口竞争力提升的影响程度存在着较大差异;③服务贸易进口对不同部门制造业出口竞争力的影响也不一样。最后就我国制造业应该如何利用服务贸易进口来提高其出口竞争力提出了针对性的政策建议。     

我国出口贸易额与国内生产总值关系研究

以我国1990—2012年的出口贸易额和国内生产总值进行实证分析,并得出结论:我国出口贸易额与国内生产总值成正相关,并且出口贸易总额对国内生产总值的边际系数为0.28。据此,对这种关系提出了一些相关建议。     

On the new export sector in developing countries

Abstract

Many developing countries are establishing a new export sector by accepting foreign direct investment. Developing a three-sectors three-factors general equilibrium model with tariff, this paper considers the condition under which the acceptance of direct investment is desirable for the developing countries. We show that the factor intensity rankings among the sectors play a key role on the welfare effects and that direct investment increases the output of both the new export and the traditional export sector and promotes the export-led growth in developing countries.     

Effects of food and agricultural imports on domestic factors in the U.S. agricultural sector: a translog cost function framework

The translog cost function of the U.S. agricultural sector unveils dynamic relationships between foreign and domestic inputs. On average, capital and labour are weak substitutes, but they are strong substitutes to food and agricultural imports. Therefore, enhancing trade policies on food and agricultural products should be supplemented by strategic policies aiming at protecting domestic factors' income.     

中国苏北进出口贸易水平实证分析

苏北外贸发展面临的约束和阻力是多方面的,既有制度建设、贸易条件方面的,也有贸易方式、商品结构和认识偏差等方面的。破除约束的关键在于外贸发展取向的选择与转变,要致力于系统的制度安排、立足于贸易条件的改善和发展取向的转变;在外贸出口稳定增长的主体思路、主要政策选择、主要产业导向、主要支撑体系等方面,探索新的发展模式。基于此,以苏北、苏南、苏中和沿海2000—2010年的进出口贸易数据为基础,通过聚类、回归分析来认识中国苏北进出口贸易总体水平,综合分析多重约束下苏北进出口贸易的发展。     

International production fragmentation,trade in intermediate goods and environment

This paper examines the implications of growing international production fragmentation-induced trade in intermediate goods on environmental quality. Specifically, by making use of a general equilibrium framework, this paper explores the link between trade in intermediate goods and pollution in a setting of endogenous environmental policy. The paper shows that international trade in intermediate goods, through an increase in the number of components available to the international producers, affects the level of pollution and environmental quality. Specifically, developed countries may reduce pollution at the cost of more pollution in developing countries.     

基于VAR模型实证分析云南省教育投入与经济增长的关系

采用向量自回归模型（VAR）,通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数对云南省教育投入与经济增长的关系进行实证分析,结果表明云南省教育投入与经济增长之间存在着互为因果的长期均衡关系,教育投入对经济增长的贡献率为24．3％。     

Labour quality in Taiwan: measurement and contribution to economic growth

This article compiles labour input indices that capture both employment changes and quality improvement of labour in Taiwan, from 1994 to 2011. Up to 77.19% of average annual labour input growth is from quality improvement. Further decomposition reveals that the most important source of growth is educational attainment, followed by age structure. Moreover, we find that Taiwan’s average annual GDP growth rate does not result from capital investment but from the contribution of a stable labour input to economic growth. Taiwan is a newly industrialized country, but because of the diminishing returns to capital, the catch-up effect has been slower than hoped. Additional capital investment has a relatively small effect on productivity, and the main source of the continuous economic growth rate is from labour quality, especially from highly skilled human capital. Making good use of these human resources creates a stable source of sustained economic growth.     

浅谈绍兴市调整产业结构和提高出口竞争力对策

绍兴市的纺织原料及纺织制品出口是其出口的传统行业,占绍兴市总出口比重从2003年以来一直处于60%～70%之间,是绍兴市出口的重中之重,保持了比较快的发展速度,但增长方式的落后,严重影响了其发展速度的进一步提高,增长方式亟待转变。高附加值、高科技含量行业的出口发展,促进了绍兴市的出口发展,也为今后更好地进行绍兴市出口能力提升提供了资源和保证。但是,由于绍兴市的经济结构和出口产品存在着诸多制约因素和问题,它还不能适应地区与国家经济发展的需要,所以,在对近些年来绍兴市经济结构和产品出口现状和问题的分析基础上,对绍兴市如何进行产业调整和提高出口产品竞争力提出了相应措施。     

我国出口信用保险存在的问题及其对策研究——以宁波为例分析

出口信用保险是世贸组织规则允许的贸易促进措施,是各国政府支持出口、防范收汇风险的国际通行做法。目前,出口信用保险已成为世界大多数国家支持出口的一个重要手段。与发达国家相比,我国的出口信用保险起步晚,发展比较落后。存在着较多问题。因此,从我国出口信用保险的现状出发,分析我国出口信用保险发展中存在的问题,并针对性提出相应对策,对我国出口信用保险的进一步发展,充分发挥出口信用保险对出口贸易的支持作用,有着重要的意义。     

湖南省文化产业投入产出分析

近年来“文化湘军”成功突围,文化产业迅速发展,使其成为湖南省的一个重要的支柱产业。基于湖南省2007年投入产出表,对湖南省文化产业的相关分析系数进行计算,对文化产业的产业关联和产业波及进行定量的分析。研究结果表明：湖南省的文化产业发展虽然在全国范围内取得领先的地位,但是总体水平仍然比较低,尚处于起步阶段,对于全省经济的支撑作用和拉动作用都很弱。     

论货币供应量作为我国货币政策中介目标的有效性

本文把理论分析与实证分析相结合,运用协整检验、VEC模型和方差分解方法分析了1996年以来我国货币供应量、物价和产出的季度时间序列,论证了货币供应量与物价、产出间具有较强的相关性。从货币供应量的构成分析,基础货币具有较强的可控性;货币乘数可控性较差,但对货币乘数可以利用ARMA模型进行较为准确的预测。由此,本文得出的结论是货币供应量具有较强的可控性,从而有理由认为,货币供应量作为我国货币政策的中介目标在现阶段仍然是有效的。     

农家乐的服务质量、顾客满意度及忠诚度的关系研究——以天目山地区为例

通过问卷调查和当面访谈相结合的方法,以天目山景区周边的农家乐为例,对其服务质量、顾客满意及忠诚度的关系进行研究。结果表明,农家乐服务质量对于顾客满意度、顾客忠诚度具有正向关系,顾客满意度对于顾客忠诚度也具有正向关系。为进一步提升整体农家乐服务质量,增加顾客满意度,提高顾客的重游意愿和推荐意愿,提出相关建议和意见,以期促进天目山景区周边农家乐的可持续发展。     

中国遭遇反倾销的宏观决定因素及其影响效应

美国、印度是中国重要的贸易伙伴,在现实的贸易往来中,美国、印度对中国反倾销的贸易影响效应很大,其反倾销的宏观决定因素有发起国的GDP增长率、从中国进口渗透率、对人民币的汇率变动、对中国出口比重等,但由于发起国各自的深层次经济因素影响,各因素的影响作用又各不相同。     

我国出口贸易中遇到的技术性贸易措施、影响及对策

本文研究我国出口贸易中遇到的技术性贸易措施的状况和特点，分析其对我国出口贸易的影响，就政府如何帮助和引导企业应对国外的技术性贸易措施，提出了一些对策和建议。     

进出口产品质量测度方法的比较与中国事实——基于微观产品和企业数据的实证分析

如何科学合理地测算贸易产品质量是研究企业产品质量异质性的一个关键问题,但目前仍缺乏一个被广泛认可的方法,也没有相关研究对不同方法的结果进行比较和检验.文章基于国家层面的进口质量、企业层面的出口质量和企业层面的进口质量三个视角,将已有研究方法进行归类,并利用中国数据进行测算和检验,力求找到不同视角下最符合中国现实的测算方法.研究表明:(1)国家层面的进口质量测算使用KHW方法,而企业层面的出口质量测算则使用SHIBZ方法更加符合中国现实;(2)对于企业层面的进口质量测算,通过引入运输成本和汇率作为产品价格的工具变量对现有方法加以改进,可以克服其存在的样本选择偏差等问题;(3)对贸易产品质量测算方法在国家层面与企业层面、进口方面和出口方面进行划分,其测算结果能够合理地解释我国近年来的进出口产品质量变动趋势,且国家层面与企业层面的一般贸易进口产品质量的变动趋势一致.文章不仅为今后研究中国进出口产品质量问题提供了测算依据,而且有助于我们廓清我国进出口产品质量的现实情况及其变动趋势.     

政府监督与矿产业安全投入的经济分析

中国矿业事故多发的根本原因在于政府监督不足导致的矿产业生产安全低投入。本文研究表明:一定水平的政府监督是诱导矿业企业安全投入的必要条件。在政府监督者与当地政府合二为一的背景下,政府监督的目标为税收收入与监督投入和矿业企业安全事故补偿支出之差的最大化;政府监督和矿业企业安全投入之间存在正向强化关系,但出于对自身税收收入的考虑,导致政府对矿业安全投入的监督不足;政府监督的缺失使得矿工意外事故补偿在诱导矿业企业安全投入中发挥重要作用。政府监督不足的制度性根源在于监督者的败德行为、委托代理关系错位和监督者激励不足等。因此,如何摆脱政府监督和矿业企业安全投入低水平均衡是破解中国矿业生产事故多发难题的关键。     

近代中国的信贷约束与出口商品质量?--以茶叶贸易为例

近年来,提高出口商品质量已成为提升中国对外贸易竞争力的迫切需要。文章从茶叶贸易中市场主体之间的关系分析入手,剖析了制约近代中国出口茶叶质量的关键力量,进而构建了一个两阶段动态博弈模型,以分析作为贸易和金融中间商的口岸茶栈对茶叶质量改进的影响。研究表明,口岸茶栈是影响近代中国出口茶叶质量的关键因素之一,但其对自身利益的追求与茶叶质量改进之间是冲突的,因而形成了对出口茶叶质量的制约作用。究其原因,最重要的是口岸茶栈与制茶号(生产者)之间难以形成长期的合作关系,进而导致制茶号只能够得到口岸茶栈的短期贷款以保证茶叶数量的供应,而难以获得长期信贷以提升出口茶叶质量。进一步地,文章对近代中国出口茶叶质量低劣的原因进行了更为全面的历史分析,发现出口茶叶质量不仅受制于制茶号改进质量的激励不足,而且受到了来自中间商与金融制度的多重信贷约束。此外,晚清政府无法提供有力的产业政策和财政政策支持也是制约因素之一。文章的结论为当下中国对外贸易“由量到质”的转型和加强供给侧改革提供了一定的启示。     

The societal impact of pain in the European Union: health-related quality of life and healthcare resource utilization

Abstract

Objectives:

This paper reports on the results of a series of quantitative assessments of the association of severe and frequent pain with health-related quality of life and healthcare resource utilization in five European countries.

Methods:

The analysis contrasts the contribution of the increasing severity and frequency of pain reported against respondents reporting no pain in the previous month. The data are taken from the 2008 National Health and Wellness Survey. Single-equation generalized linear regression models are used to evaluate the association of pain with the physical and mental component scores of the SF-12 questionnaire as well as health utilities generated from the SF-6D. In addition, the role of pain is assessed in its association with healthcare provider visits, emergency room visits and hospitalizations.

Results:

The results indicate that the experience of pain, notably severe and frequent pain, is substantial and is significantly associated with the SF-12 physical component scores, health utilities and all aspects of healthcare resource utilization, which far outweighs the role of demographic and socioeconomic variables, health risk factors (in particular body mass index) and the presence of comorbidities. In the case of severe daily pain, the marginal contribution of the SF-12 physical component score is a deficit of ?17.86 compared to those reporting no pain (population average score 46.49), while persons who are morbidly obese report a deficit of only ?6.63 compared to those who are normal weight. The corresponding association with health utilities is equally dramatic with a severe daily pain deficit of ?0.19 compared to those reporting no pain (average population utility 0.71).

Conclusions:

For the five largest EU countries, the societal burden of pain is considerable. The experience of pain far outweighs the contribution of more traditional explanations of HRQoL deficits as well as being the primary factor associated with increased provider visits, emergency room visits and hospitalizations.