饭店业大学生员工队伍稳定问题探析

饭店业发展需要大批的专业人才,而高等院校旅游专业培养的大学生却毕业时改行、入店后流失、留店的跳槽。大学生的用非所学与人才流失,对国家是教育资源的浪费,对个人是教育投资的损失,必须给与足够的重视,采取积极有效的措施加以解决:对大学生进行正确的职业观念教育,灌输从基层做起的意识,使之树立牢固的专业思想。学校要充分利用校企合作的优势,培养学生的职业能力。饭店业要树立科学的人才培养观,做好大学生员工的职业生涯规划;实行科学的用人原则,改革用人薪酬制度,完善人才激励机制,使大学生学以致用,从而保证教育资源有效地发挥作用。     

The importance of networks in the market for university graduates in Japan: a longitudinal analysis of hiring patterns

This study examines the extent to which the transition fromuniversity education to work is characterised by persistenthiring flows between university faculties and employers, ratherthan being characterised by an open market process. More thanhalf of all hires may be attributed to persistence in hiringby employers from specific faculties. Persistence appears tobe related to the screening of potential employees and to theassurance of supply. Persistence is also stronger in hiringfrom faculties with higher percentages of male graduates, supportingthe view that investment in employment ties rises with the expectedtenure of the hired employee.     

基于灰色关联分析的山西省旅游收入影响因素研究

以山西省2005-2011年旅游收入为基础数据,基于灰色关联分析理论对山西省GDP、旅行社单位数、公路线路里程等8个旅游影响因素进行灰色关联分析。分析结果表明第三产业固定资产投资与山西省旅游收入的关联性最强,其次是山西省的生产总值、高等学校毕业生人数和城镇居民人均可支配收入。最后根据分析结果对山西省旅游收入的提高提出了相应的建议。     

高校扩招、人口迁移与房价上涨

基于高校扩招背景下人口迁移的新视角对房价上涨的机理进行分析,并采用全国35个大中城市的面板数据对命题进行检验,结果表明,城市房价上涨的最主要推动力来源于迁移人口的新增住房需求,而随着高校扩招政策实施,在所有迁移人口当中,高校毕业大学生成为了其中购买能力较高、人口最多、自由迁移能力和动力最强的一个群体。他们来自全国各地,从高校毕业后却集中向一些大中城市迁移,对当地房价形成了显著的正向影响。由于受购买力等因素限制,大学生人口迁移对房价的影响存在滞后性,毕业后第3年的影响最大,之后第4、第5年影响有所缩小。文章也证实了反映居民收入的工资收入、反映货币因素的信贷量、反映人口增长的人口密度、反映投资性需求的上一期房价等变量对城市房价上涨具有显著正向影响。     

高校女生就业困境与对策探讨

面对复杂的就业环境,高校毕业生的就业问题显得更为紧迫,而高校女毕业生作为就业市场中的弱势群体将面临着更大的挑战。文章通过分析高校女生就业困境,进一步对女生就业困境进行归因,最后从培养健康就业心理、投身城乡基层、开展分类指导、强化实践环节、重视职业资格培训、实现差别化教育和建立女毕业生就业信息库等七个方面提出解决高校女生就业困境的对策。     

Higher education,employment and economic growth: Exploring the interactions

ABSTRACT

This article interrogates the impact and nature of South Africa’s post-apartheid economic growth performance through the lens of human capital investment with a particular emphasis on higher education. The South African economy has been characterised by a skills-biased trajectory, ensuring jobs for the better educated. By differentiating between tertiary and vocational training, we find that further education and training (FET) graduates are almost as likely to be employed as school leavers without higher education. We analyse the extent to which the educational attainments of labour affect the nature and trajectory of economic growth in South Africa, by estimating Olley and Pakes’ two-stage regression on a modified Cobb–Douglas production function. The results indicate that the degree cohort contributes to economic growth whilst other higher education institutions, including FET colleges, do not productively contribute to economic growth.     

Why Do Recent Graduates Enter into Flexible Jobs?

Flexible jobs make up a larger share of the Dutch labour market than in almost any other Western country. Recent graduates in the Netherlands are particularly likely to take flexible jobs. In this study we examine why recent graduates enter into temporary contracts and whether flexible jobs offer a poorer match for graduates’ qualifications than permanent jobs. We find that recent graduates that enter into flexible jobs face large wage penalties, a worse job match and less training participation than graduates who take permanent jobs, even after correcting for differences in ability. When the labour market situation for a particular field of education deteriorates, more recent graduates are forced into flexible jobs, threatening their position on the labour market in the long run. Flexible work among recent graduates is unrelated to their willingness to take risks. Only for university graduates is there any indication that flexible jobs may provide a stepping stone to permanent employment.     

试论高校对职业信息的有效应用

职业信息的有效应用关系到大学毕业生的就业。作为高校就业工作者要准确理解职业信息的涵义和内在规律,把握应用职业信息的原则,有效应用职业信息,对毕业生进行职业指导,人岗匹配,提高毕业生的就业质量,做好大学毕业生的就业工作。     

新疆高校财会类专业毕业生就业质量调查分析——以新疆财经大学为例

本文以新疆财经大学会计专业2010届-2012届毕业生为样本,在对毕业生及用人单位问卷调查和实地访谈的基础上,分析了财会类毕业生的就业状况、就业质量及其影响因素.研究表明：网络信息是毕业生获取就业信息的主渠道;第三季度为招聘淡季.毕业生就业意愿与现实期望有偏差,其就业压力较大;毕业生就业的部门主要为企业,且用人单位对本科层次的毕业生需求量较大.影响毕业生就业的主要因素为：思想品质、专业素养、专业证书和合作精神等.对用人单位的调查访谈表明：新疆高校会计专业毕业生无论是专业素养还是综合素养均得到了用人单位的肯定,而且今后被调查单位仍会以会计专业毕业生为主要招聘对象.     

Employment Outcomes of Graduates: The Case of Universiti Utara,Malaysia*

Data on the labor market outcomes of graduates of the Universiti Utara Malaysia were analyzed using an ordered logit model. The type of degree, ethnicity, and number of job applications submitted are found to be significant determinants of labor market outcomes. Accounting graduates were found to obtain the best labor market outcomes. Malay graduates had significantly less favorable labor market outcomes. The findings for unemployed graduates support two current programs in Malaysia: re‐training for the long‐term unemployed and job matching assistance. The findings also suggest that universities should monitor the skill‐demands of job vacancies and give specific consideration to Malay graduates.     

基于制造业结构发展的大学生就业关联性问题研究

文章运用回归分析法,比较分析了制造业结构变动与大学生就业的关联性.研究表明:技术型人才在制造业发展过程中作用最大,大学生作为技术型人才主要来源,制造业整体就业结构需求直接受着大学生专业结构的制约,制造业结构变动决定了大学生就业结构的变动.笔者认为,伴随制造业结构变动,改善大学生就业供给结构,合理进行学科专业设置是解决大学生就业问题的主要途径.     

Some evidence on the cohort earnings differentials of men in Japan

This study analyses the cohort earnings differentials of full-time working men in Japan using large micro data on individuals. Log earnings differentials between two cohorts of the same age calculated from 2012 and 2017 surveys reveal a substantial earnings decline for university graduates around age 43 and senior high school graduates around age 38 in 2017. These cohorts experienced a severe deterioration of job opportunities after the bubble burst. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition shows that the composition effect dominates the wage structure effect. In particular, a shortened length of tenure and a decline in the share of those working in a large firm are the main causes of the earnings gap for senior high school graduates and for university graduates, respectively. While an increase in the proportion of those working in the service sector and a reduced share of regular workers are also important determinants for the earnings differentials for high school graduates, deteriorated opportunities for promotion to supervisory positions play an important role for university graduates. Extending this analysis to a longer time period and estimating the cohort earnings differential equation clarify that the observed stability of cohort earnings differentials for university graduates emerge not only from the importance of firm size differentials in determining their earning differentials, but also from the high stability of firm size differentials between cohorts for university graduates.     

特区大学生就业意向调查统计分析

1999年高校扩招以来,高校毕业生的数量迅速增加,大学毕业生的就业问题成为社会关注的焦点,在这个阶段,特区大学毕业生同样受到了就业压力的冲击,及时了解特区大学生的就业意向及就业心理,对于特区学校制定正确的就业指导方向具有重要的意义,是深化以就业为导向的高等教育改革,培养合格就业人才的重要依据。     

The Rising Supply of College Graduates and Declining Returns for Young Cohort: The Case of Korea

Abstract

This study analysed the effect of an increase in the supply of youth college graduates, in terms of the return on education. The rate of return on education in Korea substantially dropped from 1983 to 1994. Since then, however, the declining trend of the rate of return on education stopped and turned upward. The rate of return has declined especially for college graduates, and such a decline has been most prominent for young cohorts, among college graduates, since 1987. The observed trend of the rate of return appears to be related to the sharp increase of labour supply of college graduates since the mid 1980s.

The elasticity of substitution between education levels and age groups was estimated in this study, using a generalized demand-supply model. The effects of relative supply of college graduates (as a whole and by age) on the relative wages of college graduates by age were analysed under the assumption of constant skill-biased technological change. As it turned out, the relative college graduates’ labour supply of each age group had large bearings upon relative wages of each corresponding group, while the relative labour supply of all college graduates did not. It implies that labour is an imperfect substitute, not only between education levels but also between age groups.

Thus, as youth college graduates’ supply increases, there needs to be a corresponding demand increase for them, to avoid the drop in the wage or employment level for them. Therefore, to tackle with the issues of youth labour market, such as youth unemployment, separate policies targeting the youth group are called for.     

论大学生就业指导中思想政治教育的作用

大学生就业难问题已成为当前国家和社会普遍关注的热点问题。加强大学生就业指导工作,促进学生顺利就业,已成为各高校的工作重点。通过分析目前大学生就业的形势和就业中存在的问题及高校就业指导工作中存在的问题,指出思想政治教育在大学生就业指导中的作用,提出加强大学生就业指导中思想政治教育作用的对策和建议,以期更好地提高思想政治教育的实效性,促进大学生顺利就业。     

高校贫困毕业生就业问题初探——以辽宁工程技术大学为例

当今高校毕业生已成为难就业的一个群体,贫困毕业生的就业形势更加严峻,在对辽宁工程技术大学2011届毕业生就业情况进行调查研究的基础上,得出了当下我校贫困毕业生就业存在的主要问题,针对这些主要问题提出了一系列对策.     

新疆少数民族大学生就业状况调查分析

充分发挥少数民族大学毕业生的积极作用,提高其就业比率,对于新疆实现跨越式发展具有重要的现实意义。本文借助调查资料对新疆少数民族大学毕业生的就业状况进行了分析,发现少数民族大学毕业生还存在就业比例低、对就业压力的感知度较低;就业单位对其认知程度较低,其就业模式主要为正规就业;少数民族大学毕业生自身对现实的感受与客观现实存在明显偏差等问题。针对上述问题本文提出,借助政府行政手段,提高少数民族大学毕业生就业比例;实施民汉合校,加强文化交流;注重能力培养,提高综合素质;建立失业救助制度,完善就业保障机制等措施来扩大少数民族大学生的就业空间。     

Putting trained labour power to work: the dilemma of education and employment

Demographic factors and educational changes are producing, in many less developed countries, a "pushdown effect" in which recent graduates are forced to take jobs that would earlier have been filled by those with less education. In Indonesia, for example, 1990 senior high school graduates will have to take jobs that were filled by junior high school graduates in 1980 as a result of increases in the supply of educated manpower. While the increase in employment positions in Indonesia is under 5%/year, the number of graduates from junior high school, senior high school, and universities is exceeding this increase. Each year, there is an excess of 2.60 junior high school graduates and 3.83 senior high school graduates/1000 labor force in terms of availability of the types of jobs filled by people with these educational qualifications in 1980. The pushdown effect has further resulted in a fall in the educational differential of income. Between 1976-86, earnings for employees with less than a primary school education quintupled while those for employees with college degrees did not even triple. The presence of large numbers of disillusioned, overqualified workers in the labor force is a potential source of social unrest and there is a need for serious attention to the changing relationship of job and educational status. Possible solutions to this discrepancy include: expansion of the economy; restructuring of economic workers; reorientation of the educational system to enhance the productivity of graduates; raising the status of employment in agriculture and rural small industry; and acceptance by the labor force that the pushdown effect is an inevitable stage of the development process.     

构建西藏高校毕业生市场就业长效机制研究

从长远来看,促进高校毕业生市场就业是大势所趋,是经济社会发展的必然结果。对西藏而言,促进高校毕业生高质量充分就业,最大的标志就是以市场就业为主体。解决观念性矛盾是建立高校毕业生市场就业长效机制的根本途径,同时要广开就业门路,树立市场就业光荣的鲜明导向,为已经在企业和区外就业的高校毕业生免除后顾之忧,逐步建立促进市场就业的长效机制。     

大学生职业生涯规划现状分析与对策研究

在全球经济遭遇寒流,大学生就业形势日趋严峻的今天,高校毕业生就业率已经成为社会各界关注的焦点,成为建设和谐社会背景下的严肃命题。当今的企业急需具备胜任力特征的人才作为发展的源泉,但大量的高校毕业生却因为频频跳槽以及不胜任岗位要求等因素令企业不能完全信任和接纳,因此,对大学生职业生涯规划进行分析和研究并给出积极的解决方法就显得极为重要。