A comparative analysis of factors influencing the socioeconomic impacts of electric generating facilities

In recent years electric generating facility developments have become the foci of extensive controversy and resulting project delays, due in part to uncertainties and unknowns pertaining to a broad range of socioeconomic impacts which may occur. Unfortunately, socioeconomic impact research has not resolved many of these unknowns. Case study research findings have generally provided little new knowledge as to socioeeonomic impact dimensions and their causes. This paper attempts to avoid some shortcomings of prior research via a comparative analysis of some socioeconomic impact dimensions as they occurred in a sample of U.S. electric generating facilities. The paper focuses on an investigation of factors which may influence the extensiveness of developmentinduced local impacts. Both facility characteristics and characteristics of the locale which hosts facility development are suggested as possible impact determinants. Using correlational and regression procedures, expectations regarding the effects of facility size, construction time, distance to a metropolitan center, local population density and growth rates, and local labor force characteristics on overall “community service” impacts are examined. Results indicate both consistency and inconsistency with prior research conclusions, and suggest that some characteristics of the development and the development area are important in projecting the likely levels of some facility-induced socioeconomic impacts.     

Measurement of the Socioeconomic Impact of Lake Restoration: An Assessment Model Employing a Benefit/Cost Cross-Impact Probabilistic Approach

A bstract . A number of lake restoration demonstraton projects have been launched by the Environmental Protection Agency as a result of Public Law 92-500. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these public investment projects requires the development of an assessment model. The proposed Benefit/Cost Cross-Impact Probabilistic Approach (BCCIPA) is one attempt at assessing the interdependent socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the lake restoration project over time, both quantitatively and qualitatively, so that various changes brought about by the project can be investigated and evaluated in two comparative stages for three points in time—before, during and after project implementation.     

Application and extension of the Moore and ReVelle Hierarchical Maximal Covering Model

In a paper published in Management Science in 1982, George Moore and Charles ReVelle proposed a location model for siting a hierarchical system of medical facilities. In this paper we apply the Moore and ReVelle Hierarchical Maximal Covering Model to the location of medical facilities in the Kohat district in Pakistan. Optimal solutions of the Moore and ReVelle model are compared against the actual location of medical facilities in this district. We then extend the Moore and ReVelle formulation to include fixed and variable costs for siting and operating the facilities. We compare the solutions of that formulation with the results of the original Moore and ReVelle model.     

Economic and fiscal impact analysis of energy development projects: Coal liquefaction in the Illinois Basin

This paper addresses the problem of anticipating the local economic, demographic and fiscal impacts occurring from the siting of coal liquefaction facilities in the Illinois Basin. This region (primarily western Kentucky) will contain some of the most ambitious liquefaction projects in the U.S., yet no comprehensive method for the estimation of these impacts currently exists. It is suggested that the solution might lie with the development of an integrated econometric impact evaluation model. The potential economic, demographic and fiscal impacts of these projects are also described, preliminary analyses using existing economic impact assessment methods are presented, and certain policy analysis applications are highlighted.     

A multiobjective modeling approach to locating incinerators

The location of hazardous material incineration facilities is an important problem due to the environmental, social, and economic impacts that they impose. The costs associated with the facilities and the risks placed on nearby populations are important concerns as are the distributions of these costs and risks. This paper introduces a mixed-integer, multiobjective programming approach to identify the locations and capacities of such facilities. The approach incorporates a Gaussian dispersion model and a multiobjective optimization model in a GIS-based interactive decision support system that planners can access via the Internet. The proposed approach is demonstrated via a case study in central Portugal where the national government has decided to locate a large facility for the incineration of hazardous industrial waste. Due to intense local and national opposition, construction of the facility has been delayed. The system has been designed so that it can be used by decision makers with no special training in dispersion modeling, multiobjective programming, or GIS.     

Non-parametric models for spatial efficiency

This research develops a nonconvex model for measuring the spatial efficiency of siting decisions and demonstrates the virtues of such measurements in comparison to those of convex approaches. Working with a case study from the public sector, we develop relative spatial efficiency (RSE) models which access the sufficiency of a location decision in relation to a best practice decision on the efficient (or most accessible) frontier. The paper also compares the results of the nonconvex methodology with that of the convex model and suggests the strengths and weaknesses of each in terms of the type of support they offer to decisionmakers concerned with actual siting decisions.The authors express their gratitude to Professors, Knox Lovell, Gerard Rushton, and two anonymous referrees for their helpful comments on an earlier draft.     

长三角地区产业转型升级特征、路径与实施方略

改革开放以来,我国长江三角洲地区利用其区位、资源等相对比较优势,实现了经济快速增长。但在经济增长不断受到资源约束的条件下,从可持续发展的角度考虑,长三角地区产业急需转型升级。在此背景下,本文对长三角地区转型升级的特征进行了分析,并探讨了长三角地区产业转型升级过程中的路径选择,提出了长三角地区产业转型升级的实施方略。     

中国城市经济增长的效率与差异

本文在利用Malmquist指数和一系列反映地区差异的统计指标对中国216个地级市1990~2004年经济增长的效率和差异进行描述的基础上,针对2000年以来中国城市经济表现出的新特点,采用因子分析和空间计量方法分析了影响中国城市经济增长的主要因素,结果表明216个地级市TFP整体呈现增长趋势,城市经济的地区差异明显且呈扩大趋势。2000年以来影响中国城市经济增长的因子强度依次为:地理位置、产业结构与市场化水平和要素投入等。     

Role change of design engineers in product development

Product development is recognized as cross-functional, knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in the fast-paced, globally competitive environment. Researchers and practicing managers contend that design engineers may play an important role in product development efforts. However, their effect on the product development process is not well understood and the extent of their impact on product development performance has not been adequately accessed. This research defines the changing role of design engineers, and it discusses their impact on setting clear project targets and sharing knowledge about customers. The study investigates the impact of these variables on product development productivity. Data collected from 205 manufacturing firms were used to create valid and reliable instruments to assess role change of design engineers, clarity of project targets, shared knowledge about customers and product development productivity. Results from structural equation modeling indicate that as the role of design engineers expands the clarity of project targets increase. This increase impacts the extent of shared knowledge about customers. Increases in the clarity of project targets and shared knowledge about customers appear to enhance product development productivity.     

工序质量控制对工民建施工的影响

随着科技的进步,社会经济的深入发展,国家对建筑行业的质量有了越来越高的质量要求。质量是任何一个行业发展的保障,在工民建施工的过程中,由于种种的原因,工程质量总是达不到设计的标准,可以肯定的是,施工的工序质量把关不严,出现了漏洞,才会影响总体的工程质量。     

A goal programming model for the siting of multilevel EMS systems.

Facility siting models known as location covering techniques have proven to be useful particularly for emergency medical services (EMS) planning, given the importance of ambulances responding to demand within some maximum time constraint. These models represent a set of methods which focus the health planner's attention on the access of people to health care, since they attempt to “cover” people in need of service within some specified time standard.This research develops a technique for the locational planning of sophisticated EMS systems, characterized by multiple levels of emergency health services. Specifically, a two-tiered system with “basic life support” and “advanced life support” capabilities is modeled as a goal program.By applying location covering techniques within a goal programming framework, this study develops a method for the siting of multilevel EMS systems so that (1) each service level maximizes coverage of its own demand population, and (2) “back-up” coordination between levels is assured. The usefulness of this goal program as a health planning tool is evidenced in the model's explicit articulation of EMS policy objectives and its ability to link system levels in terms of “goal-directed behavior”. The working of this multilevel covering model is demonstrated by reference to EMS planning scenarios and related numerical examples.     

Siting a facility in continuous space to maximize coverage of a region

Siting facilities in continuous space such that continuously distributed demand within a region is optimally served is a challenging location problem. This problem is further complicated by the non-convexity of regions typically encountered in practice. In this paper a model for maximizing the service coverage of continuously distributed demand through the location of a single service facility in continuous space is proposed. To address this problem, theoretical conditions are established and associated methods are proposed for optimally siting a service facility in a region (convex or non-convex) with uniformly distributed demand. Through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), the developed approach is applied to identify facility sites that maximize regional coverage provided limitations on facility service ability.     

Organizational differences in managerial compensation and benefits in Chinese firms

More than two decades of economic reforms have brought profound changes in human resource management practices in both the state and non-state sectors in China. This study focuses on the impact of organizational factors on compensation and benefits for Chinese managers in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), publicly listed firms (PLFs), and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs). The empirical investigation of 465 firms located in three major Chinese cities, Shanghai, Nanjing and Guangzhou, provides evidence that organizational factors, such as ownership, firm size, firm age, location and industrial sector, have significant impacts on the variances in Chinese managers' compensation levels, compensation structures and benefits. The trends in the development of compensation and benefits for Chinese managers are also discussed as the Chinese economy moves closer to a more globalized, highly dynamic economy after China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001.     

基于模糊层次分析法的房地产投资决策研究

房地产投资项目本身具有一定的模糊性,采用模糊层次分析法,建立模糊一致矩阵,判断各方案在各指标下的权重,然后进行排序,为企业的投资决策提供参考。文章以陕西省某房地产企业选址投资为例,验证了此模型的合理性与可行性。     

灰色系统理论在房地产项目选址中的应用

房地产开发项目选址是关系投资成败的关键步骤,选择适当方法评价尤其重要。本文通过对影响房地产开发项目选址因素的分析,构建了房地产开发项目选址的多层次灰色评价模型,并结合实例阐述了该模型在具体应用中的操作过程。     

Group technology application in China

Great attention has been paid to Group Technology (GT) along with the development of multi-product and small-batch production in China. GT has become an important technological innovation project in the Chinese machinery industry and has been widely applied nationally. It is extending into the area of higher technology. This paper is about a Chinese way of combining GT with industrial production and its successes over the last 10 years.     

Microfinance and social capital formation- a social network analysis approach

The microcredit program has emerged as an important poverty alleviation strategy over the last three decades, and several studies have examined its economic impacts on the community well-being. However, far too little attention has been paid to the effects of micro credits on community social connection and solidarity. This paper aims to examine the application of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to explore the impact of the rural microcredit fund on community social capitals. In doing so, the data on interactions of four rural development groups' members before and after the microcredit project implementation were collected using participatory workshops in Neyzar village of Qom province in Iran. The data were analyzed by Ucinet software, and the socio-graphs were produced by the NetDraw application. The results show that, more people have been involved in the social interactions after the project implementation and there was statistically significant increase in density and decrease in centralization of cooperation network. Furthermore, there were no important distinctions in centrality of people with various educational levels before and after the project implementation. Overall, it can be concluded that, the microfinance initiative considerably promotes the community social capital and participation in the rural development activities. Moreover, the SNA techniques are applicable as an impact assessment tool to investigate changes in community social capital.     

基于案例模糊推理的供应链偶发风险评估

供应链管理作为一种现代化先进的管理模式,在国内外一些企业取得了巨大的戍功,但随许多重大负面事件的发生,给供应链运作管理带来了巨大的;中击,引起国内外产业界、学术界对供应链风险的极大关注．不确定型偶发风险是供应链风险估计的难点,而严重的儡发风险事件常常影响到供应链的正常运行,如何在损失发生后第一时间做出合理的判断和决策显得尤为重要。文章提出了一种使用案例模糊推理的方法,即时估计可能的风险后果并寻找合适的对策。     

基于模糊层次分析法的房地产投资决策研究

房地产投资项目本身具有一定的模糊性,采用模糊层次分析法,建立模糊一致矩阵,判断各方案在各指标下的权重,然后进行排序,为企业的投资决策提供参考。文章以陕西省某房地产企业选址投资为例,验证了此模型的合理性与可行性。     

上海市制造业各行业地理集中度分析

经过十多年来的产业结构和布局调整,上海市的产业布局发生了巨大的变化,尤以制造业的布局变化最为突出.采用基尼系数和区位商相结合的分析方法,利用上海市按行业、地区划分的制造业从业人数数据,计算出制造业各行业的基尼系数和各行业在各区(县)的区位商,揭示出制造业各行业的地理集聚特征.