公平收入差距与收入分配公平感*

本文基于CGSS的调查数据探索公平收入差距与微观收入分配公平感的相关关系。结果表明,公平收入差距和微观收入分配公平感之间存在倒U型关系,当实际收入不断接近自我感知的公平收入时,收入分配公平感不断提升,并在收入等于公平收入处达到最高;此后,随着真实收入的继续增加,分配公平感不升反降。改变模型设定、控制变量形式等方式都证明了该结果的稳健性。此外,异质性分析表明,受教育程度、工作状态和不平等归因对两者之间的关系存在调节作用。这一研究将为提升居民对于收入分配的公平感知提供有效的理论依据。     

INCOME INEQUALITY AND POLITICAL POLARIZATION AND FRACTURALIZATION:AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

This paper investigates the relationship between economic inequality and the distribution of votes among political parties, namely political polarization and fracturalization. Economic inequality is captured by the Gini index, whereas new measures of political polarization and fracturalization are offered. This is the first paper to calculate political polarization and fracturalization indices by a methodology previously used for ethnic, religious and linguistic polarization and fracturalization. Empirical analysis uses data for 17 European countries and for three decades, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. It is shown that increased income inequality increases political party polarization and reduces fracturalization and that political party polarization decreases with increased GDP per capita.     

THE PERSISTENCE OF INCOME POVERTY AND LIFESTYLE DEPRIVATION: EVIDENCE FROM ITALY

This article estimates poverty persistence over an individual's lifetime, using two definitions: income poverty and a multidimensional index of lifestyle deprivation. We stress the ability of the two definitions to provide a generally consistent characterization of poverty persistence risks faced by various population subgroups, but also the additional insights to be gained by analysing the two definitions in parallel in a longitudinal context. The results of multiple‐spell hazard rate models highlight the weaknesses of the Italian labour market, the insufficiencies of the existing social security system, and the deep territorial dualism in generating persistent poverty for certain groups of the population.     

实际汇率、进出口贸易和我国城乡收入差距——基于结构VAR模型的动态分析

城乡收入差距的持续扩大是我国经济社会发展面临的一个突出问题。除了对它作价值判断外,更重要的是要搞清楚城乡收入差距持续扩大的原因。在结构VAR模型基础上,讨论实际汇率、贸易开放对城乡收入差距潜在的动态影响。研究发现:①实际汇率升值和贸易自由化都会扩大城乡收入差距。②实际汇率冲击能解释50%左右的贸易开放度波动,累积负效应在长期内才能转化成正效应。③贸易开放度冲击对收入差距的影响呈W型,累积影响是持续加剧了城乡收入差距。④实际汇率对收入差距的影响呈M型。尽管实际汇率冲击在一年之后只能解释8%左右的收入差距波动,但累积传递率从第7个季度开始不断上升。     

城市房屋参考租金测定与空间分布——以广州为例

房屋参考租金是指在城市规划区范围内,由房地产管理部门对现状利用条件下不同区片、路段等均质地域的房屋,按照商业、居住、写字楼、工业等用途,分别评估测定并定期发布的市场平均租金.它是地方政府租金课税的重要依据.文章探讨了房屋参考租金测定的技术路线与方法,并利用2007年广州市房屋参考租金成果,分析了房屋参考租金的空间分布规律.