Taxes,Inflation and Corporate Financial Policy

This paper examines inflation-induced distortions in personal and corporate income taxes and discusses the implications for corporate dividend and financial structure policies and for shareholder unanimity. The tax effects relating to capital gains and debt interest cause changes in aggregate corporate borrowing and lead to equilibrium tax relationships which differ from the zero-inflation tax relationships.     

论资本市场与会计的演化关系

现有关于资本市场与会计关系的文献主要探讨会计对资本市场的单向保障作用,而忽略了资本市场对会计的影响,本文通过对资本市场与会计演化关系史的考察,以历史的视角,运用产权理论和演化理论的分析方法,论证了资本市场与会计的关系是一种相互影响、相互依存、相互促进的关系。一方面,会计为资本市场的产生和发展提供了信息和管理保障,另一方面,资本市场复杂的产权关系又为会计提供了拓展领域和完善方法理论体系的环境与条件。只有理顺了会计信息编制、披露和监管体制,正确处理好资本市场与会计的关系,提高了会计信息质量,才能保证资本市场功能的正常发挥。     

创业投资与证券市场的良性互动机制

建立并完善创业投资与证券市场良性互动机制需要一个过程。IPO不是创业投资退出的惟一渠道,却是最有影响力的渠道。     

多层次资本市场与资源配置效率

本文以1997—2013年中国31个省份的面板数据作为研究对象,采用空间杜宾模型实证测度了主板市场、中小板市场和创业板市场的资源配置效率。结果表明:中国股票市场更多地体现了政府指导下的资源配置效率,并且主板市场的配置效率最低,创业板的配置效率最高,中小板的配置效率居中;在市场竞价条件下,仅中小板市场发挥了基础配置作用,主板和创业板市场的配置效率尚未显现。因此,只有在强化市场监管独立性的同时,大力推进和完善多层次资本市场才能实现资源的优化配置,进而完成中国经济结构的调整和转型。     

资本市场收益与通货膨胀:对新兴市场的进一步检验

本文对中国、印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾、韩国和泰国六个新兴市场国家的股票回报率和通货膨胀率之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,在中国和菲律宾,名义股票回报率和通胀率之间存在正相关关系,但在其它四个国家,并未发现同样的关系存在。这表明股票作为通货膨胀的对冲工具,可能仅在个别国家里成立。此外,本文还对真实回报率和通胀率之间的关系进行了检验,结果普遍表明当期通胀率和单期滞后通胀率对真实股票回报率有负的影响。     

资本约束下保险公司最优大类资产配置模型研究

中国第二代偿付能力监管制度体系(以下简称“偿二代”)执行以后,投资风险直接体现在资本要求上,资本充足率成为保险公司投资决策的重要约束。在此背景下,保险公司有必要建立整体经济资本预算框架,通过提高各类资产的边际资本回报率,提升公司股东价值。本文通过理论研究证明资本约束下保险公司最优大类资产配置的路径首先是进行负债风险匹配资产的管理,其次才是追求盈余资产收益最大化,同时,本文创新性提出了三阶段的数值求解方法,填补了国内文献以及保险公司实践中难以前置化资本约束得到大类资产配置数值解的研究空白。     

银行信贷、市场竞争与企业资本配置效率

市场竞争影响企业资本配置效率,银行信贷对这一竞争机制有重要调节作用.根据2007-2019年中国上市公司数据建立了投资—投资机会敏感性模型,模型结果表明:第一,市场竞争有利于提升企业资本配置效率,宽松的信贷有利于市场竞争发挥正向调节作用;第二,银行信贷调节作用明显,银行信贷与股权治理机制为替代关系,与信息披露、管理层激...     

养老保险体系改革与资本市场发展的互动

发达的资本市场能促进养老保险改革,养老保险改革对资本市场发展具有推动作用.理论分析和发达国家的实践已经有力的说明了这一论断.智利的改革实践说明发展中国家也可以实现养老保险改革与资本市场发展的良性互动.中国的实际则表明了将养老保险改革与资本市场发展相结合的必要性和可行性.文章最后指出了中国进一步改革的方向.     

Death and Taxes: The Market for Flower Bonds

Certain U.S. Government securities, known as flower bonds, can be redeemed at par plus accrued interest for the purpose of paying estate taxes, if held at the time of death. Thus, a flower bond, selling at a discount, is like a straight bond plus a life insurance policy. An equilibrium derived from a rational flower bond pricing model implies the existence of clienteles: individuals with the highest death probabilities hold the deepest discount flower bonds. The empirical implication, that bonds with the deepest discount should be redeemed at the fastest rate, is tested and the results support the proposition.     

多元化与资本成本的关系——来自中国股票市场的证据

根据期权定价模型,多元化降低了公司风险,但其受益者是债权人,而不是股东,这使得公司部分财富从股东手中转移到债权人手中,由此降低了股东财富,因此,多元化可能并不为股东所欢迎,从而多元化公司的权益资本成本可能高于专业化公司。同时,由于内部资本市场在公司内部的资源再配置作用,使得公司降低了对融资成本较高的外部资本市场的依赖,因此,多元化经营公司的总资本成本可能低于专业化经营公司。本文以2001—2004年我国上市公司为例,对多元化与公司权益资本成本和总资本成本之间的关系进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,多元化与权益资本成本正相关,而与总资本成本负相关。     

The Effects of Inflation and Taxes on Growth Investments and Replacement Policies

This paper investigates the effect of inflation and taxes on the optimal duration of investments. The main conclusion is that inflation does not always increase the duration of investments. For example, in the case of equipment with a short replacement cycle, increased inflation tends to decrease the duration of the cycle. Contrary to the common theoretical analysis, these results imply that inflation may increase some forms of capital investments.     

发挥资产评估作用 服务资本市场资源配置——发挥专业价值评估作用 促进资本市场资源整合和规范发展

编者按：上市公司并购重组,作为资本市场优化资源配置的一种有效手段,在我国经济结构调整和产业升级的进程中,正发挥着日益重要的作用。作为上市公司并购重组中的核心环节,并购价值的确定,离     

Taxes and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Linguistic Cues

Using a new measure of financial constraints based on firms’ qualitative disclosures, we find that financially constrained firms—firms that use more negative words in their annual reports—pursue more aggressive tax planning strategies as evidenced by: (1) higher current and future unrecognized tax benefits, (2) lower short‐ and long‐run current and future effective tax rates, (3) increase in tax haven usage for their material operations, and (4) higher proposed audit adjustments from the Internal Revenue Service. We exploit the unexpected closures of local banks as exogenous liquidity shocks to show that firms’ external financial constraints affect their tax avoidance strategies. Overall, the linguistic cues in firms’ qualitative disclosures provide incremental information beyond traditional accounting variables or commonly used effective tax rates to reveal and predict tax aggressiveness, both contemporaneously and in the future.     

Taxes, Leverage, and the Cost of Equity Capital

We examine the associations among leverage, corporate and investor level taxes, and the firm's implied cost of equity capital. Expanding on Modigliani and Miller [1958, 1963] , the cost of equity capital can be expressed as a function of leverage and corporate and investor level taxes. Based on this expression, we predict that the cost of equity is increasing in leverage, and that corporate taxes mitigate this leverage‐related risk premium, while the personal tax disadvantage of debt increases this premium. We empirically test these predictions using implied cost of equity estimates and proxies for the firm's corporate tax rate and the personal tax disadvantage of debt. Our results suggest that the equity risk premium associated with leverage is decreasing in the corporate tax benefit from debt. We find some evidence that the equity risk premium from leverage is increasing in the personal tax penalty associated with debt.     

资本市场与货币政策的互动效应分析

资本市场的发展增加了货币政策的传导渠道,影响着货币政策的最终目标、中介目标、政策工具和传导机制等,货币政策反过来也影响着资本市场的迅速发展.我们要推进资本市场的制度建设和改革、在实施货币政策时关注金融资产价格,进一步推进利率市场化改革、疏导货币市场与资本市场的联系渠道,大力开展公开市场业务操作,只有这样才能真正有可能实现资本市场与货币政策的良性互动.     

Capital Gains, Dividend Yields, and Expected Inflation

One explanation for the negative relationship between short-horizon stock returns and inflation is that inflation proxies (inversely) for expected future real output. In this paper, I examine the possibility that inflation also proxies for variation in real price/dividend ratios (excess returns). I show that when the covariance between real price/dividend ratios and inflation is nonzero, the relationship between returns and expected inflation differs for the two components of returns: dividend yields and capital gains returns. My empirical evidence demonstrates that dividend yields and capital gains are related differently to expected inflation in U.S. and foreign markets.