Where Corporate Governance and Financial Analysts Affect Valuation

We examine whether corporate governance and financial analysts affect accounting-based valuation models for B and H shares traded by foreign investors in China and Hong Kong, respectively. We expect that better corporate governance and more effective analyst activity mitigate potential adverse effects on accounting valuation models generated by country-specific problems in accounting, auditing, and legal systems. We find that valuation models perform better for companies with a greater analyst following, smaller forecast errors, relatively high public ownership and a strong board structure. Valuation models and accounting numbers have only limited explanatory power and valuation role for companies with weak governance and less effective analyst performance. The findings are robust across various market value, return, unexpected return, and other accounting valuation models. The results are consistent with less informed foreign investor clienteles searching for signals of more effective analyst activity and better corporate governance mechanisms.     

The Use of Valuation Models by UK Investment Analysts

This paper examines the use of valuation models by UK investment analysts. The study is based on, first, semi-structured interviews with 35 sell-side analysts from 10 leading investment banks and with 7 buy-side analysts from 3 asset management firms and, second, content analysis based on 98 equity research reports for FTSE-100 companies covered by the sell-side interviewees. We observe that analysts perceive the discounted cash flow (DCF) (and to some extent ‘sophisticated’ models in general) to have become significantly more important than prior survey evidence suggests, although we also find the (somewhat paradoxical) continued importance of ‘unsophisticated’ valuation multiples, notably the price/earnings ratio (PE). We find perceived limitations in the technical applicability of the DCF, which cause analysts to rely in practice upon valuation multiples and subjective judgement of whether the market price ‘feels right’. We also find that contextual factors, notably the analysts' need for their research to be credible to buy-side clients, cause the use of subjective, unsophisticated methods of valuation to be played down. Given the inherent flexibility of the DCF model, coupled with its ostensible credibility, it becomes the natural vehicle for conveying the analyst's research, even though it is very rarely relied upon to determine target prices and investment recommendations. We conclude that, while the literature has focused on the technical merits of alternative valuation models, analysts' actual usage of valuation models also requires an understanding of social and economic context and motivations.     

我国大型集装箱班轮公司空箱调运问题分析

首先对国内外集装箱空箱调运系统的管理现状进行了分析,并在此基础上,分析了我国大型集装箱班轮公司空箱调运系统中存在的问题,为未来对空箱调运问题进行详细研究打下了基础.     

Accounting-based Valuation of Polish Listed Companies

This study examines the value relevance of the new accounting system in Poland. Using a model derived from the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson valuation framework, the relation of current earnings and lagged book values with the stock prices of Polish listed companies is tested. The accounting data are derived from the financial statements prepared under The Act on Accounting of 1994 , which assured a full compliance of the Polish accounting standards with the European Union directives. The results show that both current earnings and lagged book values are positively and significantly related to prices, and the magnitude of this relation is comparable to that reported in more advanced markets. Also, the incremental information content of lagged book value is greater than that of current earnings.     

通信公司大客户经营策略

本文分析了多种因素对通信公司大客户经营的影响,结合价格策略和各种业务盈利空间的分析,提出可采用阶段定价、捆绑式定价、扩大市场分额定价、产品分类定价和区分竞争度定价等定价策略;得到互联网业务具有一定的降价盈利空间,增值业务具有较大的降价盈利空间的结论。为通信企业稳定和扩充大客户,提供了科学的经营策略。     

How Analysts Process Information: Technical and Financial Disclosures in the Microprocessor Industry

Abstract

Following Bradshaw (‘Analyst information processing, financial regulation, and academic research’ [2009], and Analysts' forecasts: What do we know after decades of work? [2011]), this paper examines how analysts process information, particularly in an information environment characterised by multiple and potentially complementary information sources. The setting is the microprocessor industry, one in which technical information is particularly significant and complex to digest. Based on 3837 analyst earnings-forecast revisions, issued by 134 analysts, we examine quantitatively the speed, magnitude, and information content of the reactions of individual analysts and subgroups of analysts to both periodic and timely technical disclosures, and as a complement to periodic financial disclosure. We find that analysts are much slower to react to timely technical disclosures than they are to periodic financial disclosures. We find also that technical and financial disclosures complement each other. Furthermore, we find that there is a ‘hierarchy’ of analysts in this particular industry, as evidenced through the strength of reaction to timely technical disclosures. Finally, we find that lower speed in reacting to timely technical disclosures and a higher intensity in the use of timely technical disclosure (in conjunction with periodic financial disclosure) result in greater accuracy, and that more experienced analysts tend to be less accurate. We suggest that the findings may have implications for other industries such as Bio-Tech Pharma.     

金融资产泡沫问题分析

本文从股市泡沫的概念出发,把泡沫分为理性泡沫和非理性泡沫,通过分析得出我国股票市场存在较多非理性泡沫,并进一步分析了我国股市泡沫的存在的表现。     

The Impact of Financial Reporting Regulation on the Market Valuation of Reported Environmental Liabilities: Preliminary Evidence from US and Canadian Public Companies

This study investigates the economic consequences of four financial reporting regulations relating to environmental liability reporting in samples of 170 US and 156 Canadian public companies during the period 1984 to 1997. The study's purpose is to investigate the factors that make financial reporting regulation effective in enhancing the relevance and reliability of accounting information. Prior research provides the theory that financial reporting regulations impose costs on managers and create incentives for them to report accounting information that is relevant and unbiased. This study assesses these regulations' enforceability, which is viewed as arising from the regulator's power to enforce its regulations by sanctions or penalties. It tests whether the relation between market valuation and reported environmental liability accruals changes when the new regulations are enacted, and whether regulation with high enforceability has a more significant impact than regulation with low enforceability. This study uses a residual‐income valuation model to measure the valuation coefficient, or multiplier, on reported environmental liability accruals. Changes in this coefficient are used as indicators of changes in the market's assessment of the value relevance and bias of the reported accounting information. This study provides preliminary evidence indicating that financial reporting regulations issued by the securities market regulator and the accounting profession are associated with changes in the relation between market value and reported environmental liabilities in some cases, and suggests avenues for further international accounting research on the factors involved in financial reporting regulation's impact.     

Determinants of Internet Financial Reporting by New Zealand Companies

The development of the Internet as a global medium for the dissemination of corporate financial information creates a new reporting environment. Extensive literature examines the determinants of voluntary financial reporting through traditional media such as print–based annual reports. This paper extends this literature by examining the voluntary adoption of the Internet as a medium for transmitting financial reports and determinants of such voluntary practice by New Zealand companies. The results indicate that some determinants of traditional financial reporting—firm size, liquidity, industrial sector and spread of shareholding—are determinants of voluntary adoption of Internet financial reporting (IFR). However, other firm characteristics, such as leverage, profitability and internationalization do not explain the choice to use the Internet as a medium for corporate financial reporting.     

The Valuation of Management Control Systems in Start-Up Companies: International Field-Based Evidence

Abstract

The question of whether management control systems (MCSs) adopted by start-up companies are valuable is examined. We investigate an international sample of start-ups, including their detailed MCS adoptions and financing histories. We find that higher MCS intensity, which is measured as the number of systems adopted at year-end immediately prior to the financing round, has a positive impact on company value. We also find that equity financiers value MCS more than do debt financiers. The valuation implication is more pronounced for start-up companies operating in highly competitive environments and with higher growth. We also document a positive relation between change in MCS intensity and change in firm value. Additional analyses show that higher company valuation is found for companies that align their MCS choices with their strategic positioning. In particular, systems that implement strategy are perceived to be more important and valuable than others. Overall, our paper provides new evidence for the debate concerning the merits of formal control in start-up companies.     

集团公司财务控制分析

集团公司的财务控制是集团控制的基本手段,有效的财务控制是保证集团公司财务信息质量,提高整个集团经营决策的正确性最直接、最有效的方式之一。本文分析了集团公司财务控制存在的问题和成因,并提出加强集团公司财务控制的对策。     

德隆资本运作模式财务分析

本文通过对新疆德隆旗下三家主要上市公司财务报表的分析,揭示了德隆的整个产业整合战略存在着致命伤。德隆本意是希望通过资本投入来进行产业整合从而创造价值,但是整合效果的不理想导致投资难以收回,只能靠融资维持,整个资本运作过程实际上毁灭了价值。一旦融资难以为继,企业恶性循环的经营就难以延续,股价最终必然将以大幅度调整的方式向真实价值回归。     

从财务治理结构看上市公司的财务控制权

本文从财务控制权的内涵及上市公司财务治理结构的基本框架出发,探讨了上市公司财务治理结构与财务控制权的关系,发现上市公司财务治理结构的核心是财务控制权的配置,上市公司财务控制权配置的基础是资源,并对上市公司财务控制权的配置中存在的问题进行了分析。     

基于人工神经网络的互联网公司估值方法研究

资本市场认为互联网公司市值的驱动因素应包括盈利因子、运营因子、流量因子和协同因子。将协同效应指标考虑到公司估值体系中,意图构造互联网公司优化估值模型。使用美股上市的互联网企业数据建立了评价指标体系,通过因子分析实现了二级指标降维,通过实证分析确认了四个因子与公司市值的相关关系,最后构建了基于人工神经网络BP算法的互联网公司估值模型,通过预测数据的检验发现模型的准确度较高。随着2018年互联网公司美股上市潮的持续,该模型能有效为资本市场估值提供参考。     

上市公司财务报告补充更正问题研究

近几年来,我国上市公司发布财务报告补充更正公告的现象已经相当普遍。本文通过对1999至2003年期间A股上市公司发布的所有定期财务报告(包括年报和半年报)的补充、更正公告进行实证分析发现,频繁补充说明的事项几乎涉及上市公司各个方面,反映了财务信息的披露仍然存在很多不规范和随意性；而频繁更正的事项中有一半以上都与利润相关,可见这一问题背后可能隐藏着部分上市公司利用财务补充更正公告粉饰财务信息的恶意行为。这些行为不仅有损上市公司信息披露的质量和规范,也反映了市场监管的漏洞。为此,本文最后提出了几点政策建议。     

我国外贸上市公司应收账款财务风险分析

本文运用2001年至2004年中国外贸上市公司应收账款有关数据，初步分析了我国外贸上市企业应收账款的状况及原因，并提出了解决对策。     

价值分析者和技术分析者交互作用下的股市价格波动

运用市场上常用的基本价值分析策略和技术分析策略,以适应性信念系统模型为基础,构建了一个非线性演化的价格动力学模型。依此模型模拟的结果表明:基本价值分析策略和技术分析策略的交互行为产生波动集聚现象,适应性信念模型模拟的结果与我国股市实际的数据相似。     

基于现金流量折现模型的企业价值评估 ——以启迪桑德为例

随着生态文明建设的不断推进,环保行业迎来了黄金发展时期,越来越多的投资者开始关注环保企业。本文采用现金流量模型评估启迪桑德的企业价值,结果表明其每股价值和股价相差无几,对投资者进行合理投资有一定的参考价值。     

Canada's Housing Bubble Story: Mortgage Securitization,the State,and the Global Financial Crisis

Canada's experience during and after the financial crisis appears to distinguish it from its international peers. Canadian real estate sales and values experienced record increases since the global financial crisis emerged in 2008, rather than declines, and Canada did not witness any bank failures. The dominant trope concerning Canada's financial and housing markets is that they are sound, prudent, appropriately regulated and ‘boring but effective’. It is widely assumed that Canadian banks did not need, nor receive, a ‘bailout’, that mortgage lending standards remained high, and that the securitization of mortgages was not widespread. The truth, however, does not accord with this mainstream view. In fact, the Canadian financial and housing markets reveal marked similarities with their international peers. Canada's banks needed, and received, a substantial ‘bailout’, while federal policies before and after the financial crisis resulted in the massive growth of mortgage securitization and record household indebtedness. This article documents the growth of Canada's housing bubble, the history of mortgage securitization, and of government policies implemented before and after the crisis. Instead of making the Canadian financial and housing sectors more resilient and sustainable, the outcomes of state responses are best understood as regressively redistributive.