中国汽车产业市场结构与市场绩效研究

本文利用中国汽车工业1998—2008年的数据,通过多元回归分析方法,对中国汽车产业市场结构和市场绩效进行实证研究。实证表明,中国汽车产业市场已从竞争型转向了中下集中寡占型,市场集中度对汽车产业的市场绩效为正效应,但对内资企业、外商投资企业、港澳台投资企业的影响程度不同。本文剖析了中国汽车企业通过市场集中度提高提升市场绩效的主要影响因素及市场集中度对内外资企业市场绩效影响程度差异的原因,并探讨相关政策建议,以期对中国汽车产业发展提供有益的思路。     

寡头竞争均衡、效率促进与市场稳定--一个福利经济学视角

多种条件约束决定了真实经济世界的资源配置效率必然偏离古典微观经济学完全竞争均衡模型关于效率问题的推演逻辑。短期边际成本定价趋势与固定成本长期补偿之间的矛盾决定了完全竞争均衡结构内生着不稳定性。“产品竞争度周期假说”在一定程度上证伪了传统的市场结构进化理论。寡头结构有寡头垄断均衡和寡头竞争均衡之别,后者作为市场结构自然演化的结果,能够增进组织绩效和提高行业效率,并实现市场稳定。因此,市场行为基础上自然演进的行业集中度提高是有益的。市场从竞争到垄断都不惠顾社会公平问题。市场结构、组织效率与经济稳定之关系研究无论对产业组织理论创新还是对产业政策制定来讲都具有重要的现实意义。     

Market Structure and Broadband Internet Quality

This paper investigates the effects of the number of firms and their product‐type on broadband Internet quality. We estimate a model that relates the actual speeds delivered, in census block groups to the number of wireline and wireless internet service providers (ISP's), cost and demand conditions, and correction terms for the endogeneity of market structure. Model estimates show four main findings. Wireline speeds are often higher in markets with two or more wireline ISP's than with a single wireline ISP. Excluding the correction terms from the analysis understates this effect. Increases in wireline speeds are larger in the upstream direction, and there is no relationship between wireline speeds and the number of wireless ISP's.     

Labour Market Incentive Structures and Employee Performance

Abstract : This paper uses data from the International Social Science Programme Work Orientations Module to investigate whether there is empirical support for Soskice's (1990, 1991) hypothesis that there is a difference in labour market incentive structures between northern European 'flexibly co-ordinated' systems and the 'uncoordinated' or 'deregulated' systems of the UK and the USA, which generates improved employee co-operation and performance in the former. Labour markets in 'uncoordinated' systems are found to generate the better employee work performance. Little support is found for the existence of a 'flexibly co-ordinated' type of labour market incentive structure. Instead, labour market incentive structures are found to be heterogeneous.     

Environmental Performance and the Market for Corporate Assets

Research summary : Scholars and policy‐makers have tended to assume that asset sales have a negative effect on stakeholders, but quantitative evidence to inform the debate has been scarce. In our research, we explored one way such sales could be beneficial: by facilitating the transfer of specialized capabilities used for environmental improvement. Employing quantitative data from a longitudinal sample of U.S. manufacturers, we find evidence consistent with the transfer of capabilities to or from acquired assets. Our results inform theories of ownership change and the conditional flow of capabilities among operations. They provide evidence as well of the existence of environmental capabilities. For policy‐makers they provide needed evidence and insight on the merits of regulations designed to limit asset sales. Managerial summary : It is often assumed that acquisitions harm environmental performance‐‐acquisition leads to greater emphasis on efficiency, while focusing on environmental performance is driven by managerial discretion. We propose instead that acquisitions might lead to improvement in environmental outcomes; the key is in knowing where to look for improvement. We studied thousands of facility‐level acquisitions and find that when a clean firm buys a facility from a dirtier firm, that facility's environmental performance improved. When a dirtier firm buys from a cleaner one, however, it is the dirtier firm's other facilities in the same industry of the target that improved. These results, along with extensions we undertook, suggest that managers and policy‐makers should view acquisitions as conduits rather than impediments in transferring environmental capabilities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Patent Protection and R&D with Endogenous Market Structure

In a model with endogenous number of innovating firms, we show that whether patent protection increases R&D investment is ambiguous, and depends on the market demand function and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with number of firms, patent protection reduces R&D investment if the cost of R&D is sufficiently high, and higher product differentiation increases the possibility of lower R&D investment under patent protection. If the market size does not increase with number of firms, patent protection never reduces R&D investment. We find that welfare is lower under patent protection than under no patent protection.     

Advertising, Its Determinants, and Market Structure

This study derives a formal model of firm advertising behavior and applies it to the industry level to figure out the relationship between advertising and market structure. The firm advertising model shows that both consumer preference andfirm-specific advertising competence jointly determineprofit-maximizing advertising intensity. At the industry level, advertising intensity is represented multiplicatively by consumer preference and a measure of market structure, which reflects the joint distribution of the levels of advertising competence and market shares among firms. The new market structure measure suggests that those single-dimensional measures of market structure such as seller concentration and the Herfindahl index are inadequate in explaining interindustry differences in advertising intensity, and that the long-debated advertising-concentration relationship differs depending primarily on the appropriability of advertising. An empirical analysis of 426 five-digit Korean manufacturing industries shows that an inverted U-shaped relationship between the Herfindahl index and industry advertising intensity is observed for consumer goods industries but a lazy J-shaped relationship for producer goods industries.     

市场结构与横向产品差别化的相互关系分析

产品差别化对市场结构的形成有很大的作用,经典的豪特林模型只得出了产品差别最小化和最大化原则,由此模型得到的市场结构为完全竞争市场和寡头垄断市场,但垄断竞争市场却无法得到。文章在豪特林模型的基础上构造出统一框架,不但分析产品最大和最小差别情况,而且提出中间程度差别化的分析模型。得出所时应的三种市场结构。尤其是中间程度的差别化对应的垄断竞争市场。对这三种市场结构进行社会福利分析,得出在消费者不同质时,相对于完全竞争市场,垄断竞争市场是相对较好的选择。     

中国市场结构和市场绩效关系实证研究--从消费者角度识别两者的关系

本文利用我国44个行业中的367家企业共计103616位消费者的满意度数据，以及这44个行业的产业集中度数据，通过结构方程模型，实证研究了我国市场结构和市场绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明，与美国等西方国家不同，处于市场经济条件下转型过程中的中国市场，主要是市场绩效决定市场结构，而不是市场结构决定市场效率。     

南京市房建工程交易市场结构及温饱度分析

文章旨在考察南京房建工程交易市场的市场结构与企业温饱度情况.利用南京市房建工程交易市场的交易数据,从市场供需、市场集中度、各资质级别企业比例结构三个方面分析了交易市场结构.根据有关规定和相应的假设,推算了企业市场规模基本额,并在此基础上分析了各资质等级企业群的市场温饱度.分析结果表明,南京房建工程交易市场是一个集中度较低,供求关系不平衡,各资质等级企业比例结构不合理的市场结构;交易市场中各资质等级企业群的市场温饱度偏低.     

The Market Structure of Broadband Telecommunications

The recent growth of the Internet is creating markets for broadband telecommunications networks. In the past, virtually all such 'infrastructure' networks have been subject to government regulation. Two reasons advanced for this market intervention are (i) such networks constitute a natural monopoly, and (ii) to achieve 'universal service', in which all citizens have access to services. In this paper, we develop a model and estimate it using engineering data which tests if these two hypotheses are likely to obtain for broadband networks. We find that oligopolistic competition is likely to emerge for demand levels approaching that of today's cable television.     

公司的领导权结构与经营绩效

公司的领导权结构反映了董事会的独立性和执行层创新自由的空间，它是公司内部治理结构的一个极其重要且高度可见的方面，依据来自中国证券市场数据的实证分析表明，领导权结构与公司绩效之间并不存在显著的线性关系，而且环境变量也未调和上述二者之间的联系。公司绩效的决定因素是很复杂的，而且是相互联系的，不能用单一的变量（如两职设置）来衡量，两职分设也并不是解决公司绩效问题的万能药。公司治理效率的根本决定因素在于合理的股权结构与市场化的人事任免机制。在现行的制度框架下，总经理兼任董事（不包括董事长）可能是一种较好的选择。     

Domestic Market Structure and Performance in Global Markets: Theory and Empirical Evidence from U.S. Food Manufacturing Industries

This paper formally articulates Porter's hypothesis that the degree of competition in domestic markets is positively linked to performance in international markets. Hypotheses are tested using measures of the trade performance of U.S. food manufacturing industries as proxies for international competitiveness. Empirical results are generally consistent with Porter's hypothesis; net export share is negatively related to industry concentration. The competitiveness of agricultural inputs, R & D intensity, and trade barriers of other countries were also found to be important determinants of the performance of these industries in global markets.     

单一市场结构下横向联盟的市场绩效与规制

本文构造了一个单一市场结构下，双寡头古诺厂商以双边协议形式建立成本节省型横向联盟的理论模型，分析了其市场绩效和规制。结论表明：在无规制条件下，伙伴厂商存在相互收取资源使用费的激励，联盟也可能存在限制竞争危害。因此，政府应该规制联盟厂商相互收取的资源使用费不得高于节省的边际成本。     

业绩预告的披露现状及其市场反应研究

以2009年沪深A股上市公司年度业绩预告为研究对象,总结上市公司的披露策略,用事件研究法验证业绩预告有明显的市场反应,并且分析了不同消息类型的业绩预告市场反应之间的差异,好消息的披露产生的市场反应比坏消息更加剧烈。     

Non-Uniform Percentage Brokerage Commissions and Real Estate Market Performance

The effect of non-uniform commissions on the market duration of residential properties is ambiguous. While the broker's search effort is positively related to the size of the percentage commission, so is the seller's reservation price. Each of these relationships imply a time-on-market effect in the opposite direction of the other. A powerful statistical technique, survival regression, is employed to determine which relationship dominates. Because the probability that a property will sell at any given point in time is inversely related to the size of the percentage commission, we conclude that the negative search effects associated with low commission rates are more than offset by the positive reservation price effects.     

加快产品结构调整提高市场竞争力

胡锦涛总书记在纪念邓小平诞辰100周年讲话中，再次强调要牢固树立和认真落实全面、协调、可持续的发展观。钢铁工业作为国民经济的重要支柱产业，必须认真落实好科学发展观，走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势充分发挥的新型工业化道路。