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建设工程招标的最低价中标法及其保证措施的理论研究 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
最低价中标法是国际通行的建设工程招标方法,过去我国政府一直限制这种方法的使用,2000年1月1日我国政府颁布并开始实施的《中华人民共和国招标投标法》首次允许招标人可以选择最低报价者,中标,从而为该方法在我国的应用提供了法律制度保障,本文从业主与承包商之间的委托代理关系视角,在理论上剖析了建设工程招投标中最低价中标法的本质与功能;并通过对中外工程建设行业管理状况的的比较研究,提出了最低价中标法在我国未来工程建设行业中应用的客观必然性及其相匹配的政策与措施建议等。 相似文献
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We investigate how risk aversion affects the organizer's disclosing the actual number of bidders in an all-pay auction with an exogenous bid cap and stochastic entry. With an exogenous probability of participation, the organizer prefers fully concealing the number of participating bidders when bidders are risk neutral. However, this result does not hold with risk aversion. Specifically, whether the organizer prefers fully concealing or fully revealing information depends on the number of potential bidders, the probability of participation, and the size of bid caps. A special case of endogenous entry shows that the organizer's preference is similar to the risk-neutral case. 相似文献
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Summary. This paper investigates the characteristics of the optimal posted price in the standard sequential search paradigm. Much of the intuition gleaned from the extensive sequential search literature in which the seller adopts a reservation price does not carry over to the posted price setting. For example, an increase in buyer valuations can lead to a reduction in the optimal posted price. We do, however, provide sufficient conditions on the hazard rate function h which ensure that an increase in demand induces an increase in the optimal posted price. As exhibited herein, the analysis of the posted price model depends critically upon analytical properties of h. Amongst the issues treated are the elasticity of demand, finite horizon, sale of multiple units, and competitive equilibrium. Received: October 21, 1999; revised version: March 7, 2000 相似文献
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In this paper, we aim at empirically uncovering the existence of price leadership in the passenger transport market, whose oligopolistic structure facilitates the strategic interaction among companies, with price being one of the principal elements of competition. The strategic interaction is particularly favoured by the fact that prices are easily observable online by all competitors. The analysis focuses on selected Italian city-pair markets that differ from one another with respect to the degree of inter- and intra-modal competition and to the characteristics of the transport services provided. We exploit this heterogeneity to study transport operators’ strategic interactions in different competitive environments. We find evidence of the existence of price leadership, even though results differ across city-pair markets. In particular, it emerges that the incumbent operator, in either the air or the rail sector, always holds the role of leader. 相似文献
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从理论和逻辑上分析,股价操纵与公司治理之间应存在密切关系。笔者基于中国上市公司的股价操纵案例,选取对照样本组并运用二项逻辑回归分析进行了实证考察。研究表明,被操纵的公司不但在信息披露方面呈现出异常行为,而且在董事会特征、股权结构等公司治理方面也出现了异常。这证明中国上市公司的内部治理机制与股价操纵行为存在着紧密联系。其启示是,完善上市公司内部治理机制是遏制股价操纵的重要措施。 相似文献
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股价同步性是衡量资本市场信息效率的重要指标。股价同步性的影响机制一直以来都是金融研究的热点问题。本文使用文本分析的方法,通过机器学习度量了东方财富股吧中股民发帖评论中的非理性噪音,检验了股票网络平台中的噪音与股价同步性之间的关系。研究发现:第一,股票网络平台中的噪音会促使投资者做出非理性的投资决策,进而降低股价变动的同步性。噪音评论占全部评论的比例越高,上市公司的股价同步性越低,而且两者之间呈现倒U型的非线性关系。第二,公司个股新闻与公告数量的增加、分析师关注度的提高与外部审计质量的提升,均可以减弱股票网络平台中的噪音对股价同步性的影响。本文关注网络新媒体中的噪音对股价同步性的影响,研究结论对于监管部门加强网络信息监测以及上市公司进一步完善信息披露渠道具有现实意义。 相似文献
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李宏伟 《技术经济与管理研究》2014,(2):40-44
战略价值是指战略理论、战略知识、战略思维的存在、属性对于战略学习者和实践者的意义。正确把握世界和中国的发展趋势、增强分析复杂形势的战略思维能力,是领导者与管理者的必修课。登高则可望远,望远而致思深。优秀的战略家不一定是卓越的领导者,但卓越的领导者必须是优秀的战略家。而对于战略价值何在、为何研究战略、为何学习战略知识等问题,却大都莫衷一是。要知道,明确学习意义与目的是学习任何知识的前提,明确战略价值是领导者与管理者学习战略、运用战略的基石。沿用价值是指客体的存在、属性对于主体的意义的分析理路,以个体、政党、国家、人类为主体,战略的价值可以概述为:求知明智、获取权力、完善政策、引导历史。 相似文献
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商迎秋 《技术经济与管理研究》2012,(5):55-59
战略的核心是建立企业与环境的匹配关系,而企业与环境的匹配不会自动产生,它是战略行为的结果,是一种主动或被动选择的结果.本文指出企业与环境之间的匹配是一种欲达到的结果状态或目标状态,而导致结果能否出现,主要受战略行为的影响,包括战略的主动行为、被动行为或不作为.战略风险的形成是由于战略行为未能有效保持企业与环境的匹配而使战略目标偏离于预期.战略行为受外部环境和内部条件的影响,未能将战略、资源、能力与环境的匹配失衡降低在组织承受的范围内,使战略目标偏离于预期,影响战略目标的实现,是战略风险形成的内在机理.战略行为包括战略决策行为和战略实施行为,本文重点分析了战略决策行为和战略实施行为中战略决策风险和战略实施风险形成的内在成因. 相似文献
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This article analyses the role of network externalities in managerial delegation contracts for differentiated products when the marginal product costs (the wage) are set by an industry-wide union. The results show that, in both Bertrand and Cournot equilibria, each owner offers a profit-oriented incentive scheme to his or her managers by penalizing sales maximization, irrespective of the strength of the network externalities. In the presence of weak network externalities and low product differentiation, firms can obtain higher profits in the equilibrium under Cournot-type quantity competition compared with that under Bertrand-type price competition. Furthermore, the wage chosen by the union is higher in the Cournot than in the Bertrand equilibrium. In the Cournot equilibrium, the wage increases with the strength of the network externalities. However, in the Bertrand equilibrium, there exists a threshold level of the degree of product differentiation. 相似文献
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Tsung-Yu Hsieh 《Applied economics》2013,45(43):4670-4684
On 20 February 2012, the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation launched an order-matching simulation mechanism for five minutes during the start of the pre-closing session, in order to increase information disclosure during this period (13:25–13:30). Pre-closing information disclosure significantly reduces both trading costs and closing-price volatility, as well as price manipulation. The decrease in price manipulation found in this work is due to pre-closing information disclosure, not the behaviour of investors shifting to an earlier time. Further, if a stock price rises or falls by more than 3.5% in the simulation in the last minute during the closing session, trading of the stock will be suspended for two minutes from 13:31 to reduce volatility. However, this trading mechanism (suspended-closing) does not seem to have achieved the intended goals of the authorities, as it has not been able to significantly reduce closing-price volatility and price manipulation. 相似文献
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熊胜绪 《中南财经政法大学学报》2008,(2):100-104
战略计划在战略管理中占有重要地位,但这一思想后来受到了许多管理学家的批评,有关战略计划与战略思维的关系,是理论界长期争辩的一个问题。本文对战略计划的批判性观点,以及战略计划与战略思维的关系的主要观点进行了梳理。在此基础上,从理论上分析了战略管理者应具有辩证思维,战略计划与战略思维是辩证统一的关系,并提出了在实践中保持二者辩证统一的机制。 相似文献
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本文探讨了企业战略领导者的自恋特质,从概念的起源及演进开始,通过与相关概念的对比理清这一早期心理学和临床研究中独特的性格特征,并探讨其在组织领域研究的新拓展,考察战略领导者自恋特质对企业战略选择和绩效的影响,从三个层面系统加以阐释,即自恋特质影响领导者战略选择的内在机理、具体选择行为的剖析及战略选择的绩效表现。在此基础上进一步提炼该领域内可能的研究框架,并规划未来研究的方向,以期对相关研究予以启示。 相似文献
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On the optimality of privacy in sequential contracting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper studies the exchange of information between two principals who contract sequentially with the same agent, as in the case of a buyer who purchases from multiple sellers. We show that when (a) the upstream principal is not personally interested in the downstream level of trade, (b) the agent's valuations are positively correlated, and (c) preferences in the downstream relationship are separable, then it is optimal for the upstream principal to offer the agent full privacy. On the contrary, when any of these conditions is violated, there exist preferences for which disclosure is strictly optimal, even if the downstream principal does not pay for the information. We also examine the effects of disclosure on welfare and show that it does not necessarily reduce the agent's surplus in the two relationships and in some cases may even yield a Pareto improvement. 相似文献
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Using staggered deregulation of short sales constraints in the Chinese capital market, this study investigates how short selling threat related to corporate environmental disclosure strategies. Our study finds that pilot firms experience a larger increase in hard disclosures, and a larger decrease in soft disclosures after short selling deregulation. Specifically, the increase in hard disclosure is found primarily at good environmental performers, whereas the decrease in soft disclosure is primarily found at poor environmental performers. Further analysis shows that the increase in hard disclosure and the decrease in soft disclosure is significantly more pronounced at firms that are covered by small number of media and analysts, with low institutional ownership and stock liquidity. Overall, our findings suggest that firms might change the type of environmental disclosure to mitigate their exposures to short selling threat, and provide evidence of the disciplining effect of short sales on environmental disclosures. 相似文献
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企业战略风险问题已成为管理者和学术研究者们的关注焦点之一.基于战略行为展开的分析为战略风险研究提供了一个新的视角.本文首先以整合的观点分析战略行为的基础;其次基于行为要素的分解,构建战略风险影响因素的综合分析框架,从行为主体、行为内容、环境、组织、行为过程特征共计5个维度讨论了可能的战略风险来源及其影响机制.分析表明,行为主体及其认知过程、环境不确定性、组织因素、行为内容特征、决策过程特征以及执行过程特征等因素共同构成可能的风险来源,且因素之问存在的交互影响增加了行为的不确定性及风险的复杂性;最后针对该框架展开了进一步研究设想. 相似文献
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We examine an auction in which the seller determines the supply after observing the bids. We compare the uniform price and the discriminatory auction in a setting of supply uncertainty, where uncertainty is caused by the interplay of two factors: the seller's private information about marginal cost and the seller's incentive to sell the profit-maximizing quantity, given the received bids. In every symmetric mixed strategy equilibrium, bidders submit higher bids in the uniform price auction than in the discriminatory auction. In the two-bidder case, this result extends to the set of rationalizable strategies. As a consequence, we find that the uniform price auction generates a higher expected revenue for the seller and a higher trade volume. 相似文献
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Martin Kesternich 《Applied economics》2016,48(12):1047-1065
Recent contributions to the theoretical and experimental literature suggest that minimum participation rules (MPRs) are able to reduce free-riding incentives and may facilitate cooperation (or at least coordination) at the extensive margin of international environmental agreements. Based on a data set from a worldwide survey among delegates in international climate negotiations, this article assesses preferences for different MPRs for a future climate treaty among key players. The empirical findings provide evidence that small countries with low bargaining power rather opt for large minimum membership requirements while industrialized countries push forward the idea of a small carbon club of the largest emitters only. In contrast, delegates from countries in transition try to keep emission thresholds rather low which would allow a future agreement to come into force without their signature. 相似文献
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