我国计算机犯罪现状分析与技术防范

计算机犯罪作为一种高智能型犯罪，随着社会和技术的进步不断呈现出新态势。本文对当前我国计算机犯罪的现状特别是计算机犯罪类型进行了深入分析，并就计算机犯罪类型中几类高发案件进行了技术防范措施的探讨。     

犯罪构成及其客体要件分析

犯罪构成作为刑法理论的一个核心概念，是罪刑法定原则发展的必然要求。我国犯罪构成理论采用了与德、日及英关不同的综合式的模式，将犯罪构成作为评判行为是否构成犯罪的唯一标准。但在实践中这一标准因为《刑法》第13条的但书及排除违法性事由出现了例外，究其原因主要是因为犯罪客体要件存在漏洞，将刑法所要保护的社会关系作为了客体要件。为了将这些例外情形纳入到犯罪构成中，应该对我国犯罪构成的客体要件进行修正。     

刑事法中犯罪人格考量论

犯罪人格之于刑事法的价值主要体现在：促进动态、整体犯罪人观的形成，有针对性地进行犯罪预防；定性分析犯罪人格，合理划定犯罪圈；定量分析犯罪人格，用以评估人身危险性；促进刑法的公正和刑事政策的合理化。结合犯罪人格的特点；从宏观和微观两个层面通过对犯罪人格的生成控制，有针对性地进行犯罪预防，可以更好地促使刑法预防犯罪目的的有效实现。     

对嫖宿幼女罪的否定性评价

嫖宿幼女罪是我国97刑法妨害社会管理秩序罪中的一个罪名，关于此罪的设定有很多疑问，从是否符合罪责刑相适应原则，是否符合刑法面前人人平等原则，保护的法益是否明确，行为人主观状态和犯罪客观要件的构成标准诸方面来分析，笔者认为此罪不应单独成罪，而应与强奸罪中的奸淫幼女行为归于一罪进行处罚。     

走私犯罪与诱惑侦查

诱惑侦查是当今世界许多国家侦查走私犯罪的重要措施和手段，我国也在不同程度地适用这一有效方法。由于缺乏必要的规范和指导，实践中存在不少问题，影响了其效能的充分发挥，也极易侵害公民的合法权益。鉴此，本文分析了走私犯罪案件运用诱惑侦查的条件，提出了走私犯罪案件诱惑侦查中诱饵的设计方案，以及走私犯罪案件诱惑侦查的策略和方法，以期能对我国当前的缉私实践提供借鉴。     

农村犯罪黑数问题的法律思考

农村社会中存在的犯罪黑数是建设社会主义和谐社会的阻碍因素之一。农村犯罪黑数较高的原因有多种。要降低农村社会的犯罪黑数，必须加强社会主义法治教育，遏制、打击宗族势力在农村的发展，充实农村的警力配置以及消除受害人自身对刑事案件隐匿不报的错误认识。     

浅谈现场勘查中物证的污染及防控对策

物证污染是影响物证鉴定结果的最主要因素之一，通过现场勘查阶段对人为因素的介入，采取防控措施防止污染，提高检验鉴定人员的物证污染防范意识，并采取适当的监测方法和排除措施，可以提高检材质量，降低物证污染的可能性。     

Do owner–operators pose a safety risk on the nation’s highways?

Despite persistent claims in the motor carrier industry of poorer safety performance of owner–operators, there is little empirical work directly comparing owner–operator safety performance to that of employee drivers. This study assesses the statistical significance of differences in the safety performance between owner–operators and employee drivers. This study also expands on previous driver focused safety models by examining how driver and carrier characteristics affect safety performance. Data for this study were derived from the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS), and the Commercial Driver’s License Information System (CDLIS) databases. Study results provide evidence that owner–operators are associated with more driver- and vehicle-out-of-service violations but experience lower crash rates than do employee drivers.     

论铁路犯罪现场摄影

铁路刑事案件主要是指发生在铁路公安机关管辖的铁路站场、列车、线路空间范围内的各种犯罪。由于在案件构成上具有一定的特殊性，铁路犯罪现场摄影应该根据铁路犯罪现场的属性来系统地记录现场状况。认识铁路犯罪现场的重要性和特殊性，是搞好铁路犯罪现场摄影的内在要求。铁路犯罪现场摄影特殊性主要是在拍摄铁路犯罪现场照片过程中，如何结合铁路犯罪现场构成的特性以及铁路犯罪现场存在、处置的条件和专业要求等来做好现场摄影工作。铁路犯罪现场摄影应按照及时、全面、客观、细致的要求来完成。     

Travellers’ profiles definition using statistical multivariate analysis of attitudinal variables

This paper aims at presenting a set of travellers’ typologies using attributes characterizing people’s attitude, through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and a subsequent cluster analysis (CA), based on the obtained latent constructs. The final goal is to contribute to deepen the knowledge on market segmentation in order to define more people-oriented transport policies, focusing on a medium size Italian city, Alessandria. Six factors have been defined on which the k-means cluster analysis has been applied finding four travellers’ profiles.Results confirm certain hypothesis from behavioural psychological theories. Attitude–behaviour relationships loosen when habits, consolidated in time, do intervene; moreover in small-medium urban context, as opposed to large and dense cities, insufficient transport supply does not favour the use of alternative modes to the motor vehicle, if not to the cost of a great loss in efficiency. In fact, the study shows how significant constraints such as necessity, time saving, and low transport supply (mainly designed around students going to school) are in determining a behavioural change, so that the “right general attitudes” are not sufficient to obtain a real modal shift. This leads to expect opportunistic behaviours, even within a overall positive attitude towards the environment. Actually, that overall positive attitude is not enough to prompt consistent behaviour unless a marked self-control and strong motivation are present. These two features seem to be missing in the interviewed sample of population, unlike what emerges from other studies undertaken in Northern Europe. The geographic location most likely plays a significant role in such a difference. Indeed, cultural background and the prevailing habits of the population may well explain the “slackening” of the bond between moral norms and behaviour, and the subsequent search for surrogates (e.g. the high willingness to pay for environmental protection) to justify the unwillingness to forgo the private vehicle on behalf of more sustainable modes.Finally, our study seems to prove that education could play a key role in transport policy formulation but, moreover, in social policy, as individuals more akin to modal shift are those showing higher levels of instruction.     

城市轨道交通建设采用PPP融资模式的探讨

城市轨道交通建设投资巨大,仅靠政府投资难以满足发展的需要,因此必须采用多种方式筹措建设资金特别是吸引民营资本的进入。通过分析城市轨道交通建设采用PPP模式的总体思路和运作框架,探讨运用PPP模式的3种运作方式,说明该模式是吸引民营资本参与城市轨道交通建设的较好方式,但应建立相应的保障机制。