广西防城港市临海工业区供水项目白石牙水库工程修改概算

广西防城港市临海工业区供水项目白石牙水库工程建设周期较长,在建设过程中由于物价上涨等原因,导致原批复概算不能满足项目建设的需要。为使项目建设的顺利进行,对修改概算的编制依据、编制原则、已完工程和未完工程项目投资进行确定,对修改概算与原批准概算进行对比,对投资变化原因进行分析,并对控制投资超概提出建议。     

木坡水电站调整概算综述

为满足投资管理的需要,业主启动了木坡水电站调整概算的编制。通过对木坡水电站投资增加原因的剖析,反映了地下工程比重大的水电项目建设期间,地质因素、国家政策调整和市场价格变化等因素对项目实际投资的影响,同时分析了设计概算改进的时机,以期对其他水电工程项目调整概算的编制和申报起到借鉴作用。     

中小型水利工程设计概算编制方法研究

水利部针对全国大型水利工程的概算编制有专门的要求,但对中小型水利工程设计概算如何编制没有明确的规定,水利部要求各地采用水利部新颁布的专业定额,根据本地水利工程的特点制定地方性设计概算编制办法。现结合实例分析了中小型水利工程设计概算编制方法,为造价管理人员编制投资的中小型工程各类造价文件提供了理论依据。     

如何完善工程结算

建筑造价计算的准确性是由建筑设计的进度和深度决定的。按造价计算的准确程度，依设计进度可分为投资估算、设计概算和施工图预算三种。投资估算是在项目开发前期对建设投资最粗略的估计。设计概算是项目在初步设计阶段．根据概算定额编制的、初步确定工程造价的依据。施工图预算是在施工图设计阶段．根据施工图反映的工程量按预算定额编制的确定工程预算造价的依据。     

浅谈建筑工程设计概算的编制原则

建筑工程设计概算是初步设计（或扩大初步设计）文件的重要组成部分,是确定和控制工程造价的经济文件,主要是指在初步设计阶段和投资估算的控制下,由设计单位根据初步设计图纸及说明、概算定额（概算指标或综合预算定额）等资料为依据,编制和确定拟建建设项目所需全部投资费用的经济文件。文章主要探讨建筑工程设计概算的作用及编制的方法及应用。     

浅谈建筑工程设计概算的编制原则

建筑工程设计概算是初步设计(或扩大初步设计)文件的重要组成部分,是确定和控制工程造价的经济文件,主要是指在初步设计阶段和投资估算的控制下,由设计单位根据初步设计图纸及说明、概算定额(概算指标或综合预算定额)等资料为依据,编制和确定拟建建设项目所需全部投资费用的经济文件。文章主要探讨建筑工程设计概算的作用及编制的方法及应用。     

境外水电项目投资成本控制探析

本文以分析境外水电项目竣工决算工作及投资成本控制的难点为切入点,将竣工决算与项目概算、年度预算以及合同招标和执行管理相结合,探析企业如何以竣工决算为目标,通过在开发阶段设计概算,打通合同分标和招标、合同台帐和会计核算各环节,形成概算控制动态明细表,最终实现建设阶段投资成本的有效管控.     

设计概算投资的时间价值初探

基本建设工程设计概算是在完成可行性研究以后,设计部门根据上级批准的项目计划任务进行的第一阶段设计,也就是通过所说的初步(扩大)设计时所作的投资总概算.其投资的准确程度比可行性研究阶段的匡算投资要高一些而又比施工图设计预算要低一些.所以基本建设设计概算是初步设计的重要组成部分,是确定项目总投资和安排年度基本建设计划的重要依据,也是考核工程成本,推行投资包干,进行工程招标的重要依据.     

某水厂项目投资超概算剖析

建设项目概算,是考核建设项目设计方案是否经济、合理的重要指标,也是编制建设项目计划、确定建设项目投资规模、考核建设项目工程造价的主要依据。因此,我们在对某水厂建设项目实施审计调查时,注意将国家批准的项目设计总概算及其执行情况作为审计调查的重点,不仅查出了项目投资严重超概算的问题,而且找出了项目投资超概算的根由。该水厂是在当地城市用水供需矛盾突出的情况下,由自来水公司申请,经当地人民政府同意,报请计划部门批准立项并引进部分外资兴建的一个更点基本建设项目,国家批准按日供水10万吨的设计规模一次建成,工程总概算6000万元。审计调查发现,项目建设规模不变,但项目竣工实需总     

发电企业加强基建财务管理的几点建议

1．全程参与概算管理,加强投资控制。在概算编制阶段,要参与概算项目的审核,理清概算各项内容的来龙去脉,重点关注不完全通过“在建工程”科目核算的概算项目（如建设场地征用及清理费、生产准备费、铺底流动资金等）以及需加强控制的管理类费用（如项目建设管理费、项目建设技术服务费、建贷利息等）。在概算执行阶段,要严格按概算项目控制支出,对价差预备费、基本预备费、概算外项目进行认真审查,履行相应的审批程序并建立辅助账予以记录。     

On Measuring the Quality of Survey Estimates

The quality of survey estimates is directly affected by survey errors that include sampling errors due to selecting a sample rather than the whole population, and non-sampling errors arising from data collection and processing procedures. The latter include frame error, measurement error and non-response. This paper addresses design issues related to total survey error and its components. Methods for handling frame problems and non-response are also presented.     

The Compatibility of Red Book National Accounts Estimates with the Barna 1935 Input–Output Estimates

In 1952, Tibor Barna published an input–output table of the 1935 UK economy. From 1954 to 1972, a number of ‘Red Books’ published under the direction of Richard Stone provided national accounting statistics for 1920–38. Casual inspection suggests some serious disagreement between the two data sets, but much of this arises out of mismatching of incompatibly defined items. This paper assesses the compatibility of final demand and net output estimates that appear on the periphery of the Barna table with corresponding Red Book statistics. Given the admitted margins of error, an acceptable pattern of discrepancy emerges from the comparisons. Service industry incomes are the sole major exception to this finding.     

Annual California Poverty Estimates

A bstract . Annual estimates of the number of the poor in California for the years 1960–2000 are presented in six segments, all residents, whites, blacks, Hispanics, those over 65, and female headed households. Error rates of estimates are given by segment. Graphs illustrate all the estimates.     

Estimates of relative risk

Summary For the two-sample problem with proportional hazard functions, we consider estimation of the constant of proportionality, known as relative risk, using complete uncensored data. For this very special case of Cox’s (1972) regression model for survival data, we find a two-step estimate which is asymptotically equivalent to Cox’s partial likelihood estimate, and we show that both estimates are asymptotically optimal (in the sense of minimum asymptotic variance) among all regular rank estimates of relative risk. Supported by NSF grant 81-00748.     

Estimates of semiparametric equivalence scales

Within the semiparametric framework introduced by Pendakur ( 1999 ) we introduce a new loss function to estimate equivalence scales. This loss function uses all available information from the total expenditures of both the reference and nonreference households and as such it produces more reliable estimates. Using Canadian family expenditure data for 1996 we apply this loss function to obtain equivalence scale estimates for a variety of expenditure share categories such as food, fuel and clothing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Production Technology Estimates and Balanced Growth

Capital‐labour substitution and total factor productivity (TFP) estimates are essential features of many economic models. Such models typically embody a balanced growth path. This often leads researchers to estimate models imposing stringent prior choices on technical change. We demonstrate that estimation of the substitution elasticity and TFP growth can be substantially biased if technical progress is thereby mis‐specified. We obtain analytical and simulation results in the context of a model consistent with balanced and near‐balanced growth (i.e. departures from balanced growth but broadly stable factor shares). Given this evidence, a constant elasticity of substitution production function system is then estimated for the US economy. Results show that the estimated substitution elasticity tends to be significantly lower using a factor‐augmenting specification (well below one). We are also able to reject conventional neutrality forms in favour of general factor augmentation with a non‐negligible capital‐augmenting component. Our work thus provides insights into production and supply‐side estimation in balanced‐growth frameworks.     

高速公路服务区财务效益测算浅析

服务区的经营收入也是高速公路收益的重要组成部分,在以往高速公路建设的前期研究工作中,更多的是对高速公路收费收入的测算,对服务区的财务效益分析不多。本文通过分析服务区使用过程中产生的效益及经营成本,对服务区的财务效益测算方法进行分析。     

Factor Utilization and Adjusted Productivity Estimates for the UK*

This paper derives series for capital utilization, labour effort and total factor productivity (TFP) for the UK from a general equilibrium model with variable utilization and labour adjustment costs. Capital utilization tracks survey‐based measures closely, but persistent movements in total hours worked mean our labour effort series is not as highly correlated with its comparators. Our estimated TFP series is less cyclical than the traditional Solow residual, although a weighted average of capital utilization and labour effort – aggregate factor utilization – and the Solow residual are not closely related.     

Estimates of the demand for medical care under different functional forms

We estimate price and income elasticities from a linear, log-linear, and the almost ideal demand model (with and without an adjustment for selectivity bias) in an effort to show that special attention should be paid to the underlying assumptions of consumer behaviour when estimating a medical care demand model. The literature on medical care utilization is extended by incorporating two major components of spending as separate demands in a system of medical care spending. We find that estimates of elasticities vary depending on the functional form of the estimating equation, thus questioning the usefulness for policy purposes of single estimates of elasticities.