大学生企业创业融资问题与融资渠道分析

大学生创业过程中面临的一大难题就是资金短缺,当前国内融资渠道虽然呈增长趋势,但符合大学生创业融资的渠道仍显不足,且不够畅通,融资存在较多的困难和问题。这也在某种程度上制约了大学生创业发展之路。文章主要对大学生创业融资中存在的问题进行了概括和阐述,较为全面地分析和总结了大学生创业融资的六个渠道及这些渠道的优缺点,并对相关融资过程中应采取的方法与措施提出了建议。     

我国创业企业融资渠道综述及展望

从创业企业所处阶段、创业企业所在的行业和产业特征、融资动机、融资成本以及资金供求双方的关系五个角度分析影响我国创业企业融资渠道的选择因素,总结我国现有适合创业企业的融资渠道有自有资金、私人直接融资、天使投资、股权融资、众筹融资以及政府资金,指出现有融资渠道存在的问题并且试图通过改进现有融资渠道来缓解我国创业企业面临的融资困境。希望研究的成果对我国的创业企业发展有所帮助。     

关于企业国际贸易融资路径的选择分析

贸易融资是推动企业发展的重要途径,也是解决企业资金短缺最佳选择方式。在我国企业结构组成中,中小企业占据相当大的比重,但是由于国内中小企业起步较晚,及国内金融市场的约束,中小企业融资难问题一直是困扰其进一步发展的主要问题。本文以中小企业作为切入点,对国内中小企业国际融资现状进行了分析,阐述了目前国内企业国际融资存在的主要问题,最后提出了国内企业国际贸易贸易融资应作出如何选择。     

基于创业投资的企业融资模型研究

近几年国内对创业投资已有了不少研究,但多是对创业投资中委托代理机制的讨论或在对比国外现状的基础上直接得出对我国的建议。然而,从企业融资角度来说,创业投资是企业获得融资的一种新的方式。因此,以在一个企业融资模型的基础上,考虑投资者对项目进行监控和帮助的情况,由此得出企业融资的拓展型。     

私募基金FOF创业融资研究

2016年9月《FOF指引》的实施奠定了国内组合基金的法律基础,我国FOF组合基金正式进入2.0时代。由于FOF自身能够优化基金投资效果、风险低、操作稳健、投资成本低的特点,再加上政府政策的支持,许多金融界精英选择私募基金FOF创业。随着FOF的发展,各种问题接踵而至,尤其私募FOF创业融资方面的问题影响了FOF的发展。本文以私募FOF创业融资为研究对象,梳理私募基金FOF创业融资中的问题,并提出一些相应的对策。     

上市公司融资方式选择及成因文献评述

本文对国内学界有关我国上市公司融资方式选择及其成因的相关文献进行了评述,研究结果表明:国内多数学者的研究发现,上市公司存在着强烈的股权融资偏好.换言之,拟上市公司在上市之前有着谋求公司首次发行股票并成功上市的强烈冲动,公司上市之后则强烈偏好配股或增发等股权再融资方式;同时,国内学界还从融资成本、公司治理结构、盈利能力与成长性视角,探讨了上市公司选择融资方式的成因.     

企业五种融资方式的选择研究

目前，资金短缺仍然是企业面临的难题之一，解决这一问题的关键是要合理的选择融资方式。本文采用一种新的划分方法，将融资分为财政融资、银行融资、证券融资、商业融资和国际融资，并通过对这五种融资方式的利弊及绩效的比较分析，对中国资本市场融资方式的选择进行探讨。     

产业集群视阈下的中小企业融资模式研究

国内外中小企业都因融资困难而制约了其发展,这也引起了国内外经济界和理论界的高度关注。国外主要从企业融资来源、结构、优序与质量、中小企业融资缺口及成因、产业集群视阈下的中小企业融资优势和模式等方面开展研究,但以中小企业集群融资为对象的深入理论和实践研究还较少。国内产业集群视阈下的中小企业融资研究,主要集中在产业集群给集群企业带来的融资效应和优势、产业集群内中小企业融资的实证分析、解决集群内中小企业融资难问题的对策分析三个方面。但国内在影响中小企业融资来源、结构、顺序、质量等因素的研究方面和在适合我国集群中小企业的有效融资模式探讨方面还不够深入。这些都需要今后进一步加强。     

大学生创业融资问题探析

近几年来,有部分大学生选择了自主创业。从资金的视角看,怎样对创业启动资金做一个明晰的规划、怎样有效筹集到创业的资金,是大学生创业团队必须慎重考虑的问题。首先对大学生创业启动资金的需求进行了简要地分析,然后对创业融资的渠道进行了探析,最后分析了创业融资的一些策略,以期能给大学生创业融资提供一定的参考。     

浅析创业企业在A轮融资中的注意要点

随着自身的发展和壮大,绝大多数创业企业会通过展示自己的商业模型和盈利模式吸引投资者投资。渠道多样化给了创业企业更多的选择,但是同样蕴涵了一定的风险。如何选择适合的融资渠道,如何展开融资项目以及如何把握好融资成功后的发展方向,这其中每一步都可能成为企业未来腾飞的关键。本文针对创业企业的A轮融资展开讨论,阐述了A轮融资的意义与作用,并重点分析创业企业A轮融资应该注意的问题。希望通过本文能够让更多创业企业了解A轮融资的价值。     

新形势下券商核心竞争力的战略选择

面对悄然而至的加入WTO的挑战 ,国内券商今后如何应对来自国外大券商的竞争压力 ,如何不断地壮大自身实力 ,对于券商的发展具有十分重要的现实意义。从业务创新、人才和研发实力、企业文化、资本规模与融资能力、风险控制能力等多方面讨论券商核心竞争力的培养 ,并结合券商核心竞争力矩阵 ,设计出核心竞争能力选择坐标图 ,以此来分析券商核心竞争力的战略选择与发展策略。     

我国风险投资业存在的问题及其对策

作者从风险投资机构 (风险投资者 )的角度 ,阐述了风险资本在其循环过程的四个环节中存在的问题 ,并提出相应的对策 ,旨在促进风险投资业的健康发展 ,在中国建立一个繁荣且规范的风险投资业。     

监督和风险企业控制权安排的关系分析

在风险企业中,风险资本家的主要功能是监督。通过他的监督,降低了创业家选择好行为的机会成本,减少了为了满足他的激励兼容约束而必须给予他的收益,放松了项目得以实施对创业家自有资本的要求,提高了项目融资的可能性。为了保证风险资本家监督的有效性,必须赋予他对风险企业的控制权。与成熟企业不同,风险资本家的控制权大小与他投入的资金多少并没有直接联系。他往往具有超比例的控制权,甚至控制董事会的权力。     

The Size of the Informal Venture Capital Market in the United Kingdom

Despite its undoubted importance to the financing of entrepreneurial ventures, there are few reliable measures of the size of the informal venture capital market. This paper reviews three methods used to generate such estimates – market-based approaches, firm-based approaches and the capture-recapture approach – and develops an alternative approach that is based on scaling up from the visible segment of this market represented by business angel networks. This methodology is applied to provide the first formal estimate of the size of the informal venture capital market in the United Kingdom. Informal venture capital investment is shown to broadly equate to the amount of institutional venture capital provided to start-up and early stage ventures. Reflecting the smaller average size of investments in the informal venture capital market, however, eight times as many businesses raise finance from business angels than from institutional venture capital funds.     

基于共生理论的创业投资集聚的形成机理研究

创业投资的发展在区域分布具有一定的不平衡性,即区域集聚特性。国内外创业投资的发展都具有区域集聚性,通过对国内外创业投资集聚现状的分析,借助共生理论中的互惠共生理论,对创业投资集聚现象的形成机理进行了分析,并提出相应的改善创业投资弱集聚地区发展创业投资的策略。     

Structuring deals and governance after the IPO: Entrepreneurs and venture capitalists in high tech start-ups

In an effort to better understand the effects of venture capital investment on selected firm governance and financing structures, we examined the post-IPO experiences of 190 biotechnology and healthcare firms (see appendix). Our study revealed that in virtually all cases, the involvement of venture capitalists reduced the role of the founder-entrepreneur in strategic decision making. This was illustrated by the larger proportion of outside directors when venture capitalists invested and the smaller proportion of entrepreneurs who remained officers or in board positions after the IPO. We also found that venture capitalists rarely invested alone, and preferred to structure deals in which venture capital partners share both risks and rewards.     

The advantage of experienced start-up founders in venture capital acquisition: evidence from serial entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs with prior firm-founding experience are expected to have more skills and social connections than novice entrepreneurs. Such skills and social connections could give experienced founders some advantage in the process of raising venture capital. This paper uses a large database of venture-backed companies and their founders to examine the advantage associated with prior founding experience. Compared with novice entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs with venture-backed founding experience tend to raise more venture capital at an early round of financing and tend to complete the early round much more quickly. In contrast, experienced founders whose earlier firms were not venture-backed do not show a similar advantage over novice entrepreneurs, suggesting the importance of connections with venture capitalists in the early stage of venture capital financing. However, when the analysis also takes into account later rounds of financing, all entrepreneurs with prior founding experience appear to raise more venture capital. This implies that skills acquired from any previous founding experience can make an entrepreneur perform better and in turn attract more venture capital.     

The role of venture capital in financing small business

Venture capital is a primary and unique source of funding for small firms because these firms (with sales and/or assets under $5 million) have very limited access to traditional capital markets. Venture capital is a substitute, but not a perfect substitute, for trade credit, bank credit, and other forms of financing for small firms. Small businesses are not likely to be successful in attracting venture capital unless the firms have the potential to provide extraordinary returns to the venture capitalist.This study provides an analysis of a survey of venture capital firms that participate in small business financing. The survey participants are venture capital firms that were 1986 members of the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA), the largest venture capital association in the United States.The average size of the venture capital firms responding to the survey is $92 million dollars in assets, with a range from $600 thousand to $500 million. Twenty-three percent of the respondents have total assets below $20 million, and 27% have assets above $100 million.The venture capitalists' investment (assets held) in small firms delineate the supply of venture capital to small firms. Sixty-three of the 92 venture capitalists' have more than 70% of their assets invested in small firms.The venture capitalists were asked how their investment plans might change with changes in the tax law that were projected in the spring of 1986. Fifty-four percent expected to increase their investments in small firms, and 38% did not expect to change these activities.Venture capitalists are very selective in allocating their resources. The average number of annual requests that a venture capitalist receives is 652, and the median number is 500: only 11.5 of the respondents receive more than 1,000 proposals per year.     

创业资本的制度缺陷分析

20世纪 90年代发展得欣欣向荣的创业资本遭遇重挫 ,进入了发展的持续低迷期。学术界在肯定创业资本顺应经济发展潮流、解决创业企业融资需求和管理需求、化解和规避创业企业风险的同时 ,对创业资本这一制度商品本身不断凸显的缺陷也展开了多方面综合大量文献的分析 ,以引起人们的重视     

Duration analysis of venture capital staging: A real options perspective

This study takes a real options perspective towards venture capital staging and views the staging decision as a choice between holding the current option to invest and investing now to obtain the option to invest subsequently. It proposes that this staging decision depends on the factors that influence the value of these two options, such as competition and various sources of uncertainty. The empirical results suggest that market uncertainty encourages venture capital firms to delay investing at each round of financing, whereas competition, project-specific uncertainty and agency concerns prompt venture capital firms to invest sooner. This study has useful implications for theory and practice.