社会化服务、信息获取与农户节水灌溉技术采纳行为——基于河北省775份小麦—玉米种植户调查数据的实证分析

目的 社会化服务组织是农户获取农业信息的重要信息渠道。方法 文章基于河北省775份小麦—玉米种植户调查数据,运用二元Logit模型分析社会化服务对农户节水灌溉技术采纳行为的影响,探讨信息获取在二者之间是否发挥中介作用,进一步揭示不同井深区农户之间的差异。结果 （1）社会化服务显著促进了农户采纳节水灌溉技术,信息获取在社会化服务对农户节水灌溉技术采纳行为的影响中发挥部分中介作用。（2）社会化服务对不同井深区农户节水灌溉技术采纳行为的影响存在显著差异。社会化服务对深井区农户节水灌溉技术采纳行为的促进作用大于浅井区农户,信息获取仅在社会化服务对浅井区农户采纳节水灌溉技术的影响中发挥部分中介作用。（3）外部环境中的技术补贴、政府宣传、技术培训和家庭经营特征中的参加农业合作组织和耕地经营面积等均显著促进了农户采纳节水灌溉技术。结论 政府应鼓励社会化服务组织参与农业节水项目的实施和推广,支持社会化服务组织在农业灌溉浅井区举办各种形式的节水灌溉宣传活动,加强节水灌溉技术补贴和培训,提高农户组织化程度以扩大耕地经营规模。     

Land use policy of a city state: The Singapore case

The author notes that the city state of Singapore disfavours the adoption of a rigid land use policy. The massive land use reorganization programmes implemented by the various statutory agencies are based on the principle of flexibility. The land development strategies are meritocratic in nature and problem-solving in orientation. An effective land acquisition procedure adopted has contributed significantly to the success in many of the land reorganization projects. Certain contradictions in land space utilization are highlighted.     

基于农户满意度的土地整治评估以黑龙江省友谊县为例

[目的]土地整治作为一项保障民生的重要措施,事关农业发展,农民增收,农村增美,更是落实推进乡村振兴战略重要方面。因此,农民满意度对于衡量土地整治的成效具有重要作用,对优化"三生"空间布局具有深远的意义。[方法]文章通过对研究区10个样本村进行实地调研,借助熵权TOPSIS模型和多元线性回归模型对研究区的土地整治满意度和影响满意度因子进行了分析。[结果](1)研究区农户文化程度多为小学及小学以下,农业收入占比较大,农户参与土地整治工程积极性较高,并且对于土地整治的效果较为关注;(2) 4个满意度指标的整体得分值较高,说明区域土地整治效果较好;(3)农户人均收入、原有田块整治度、原有道路完善度、原有灌溉完善度对土地整治工程实施满意度均有正向相关作用,平均坡度和到城镇最小距离对土地整治工程实施满意度具有负向相关作用。想要提高土地整治工程满意度,需从田块本身研究出发,综合考虑田块完善度、道路条件、灌排条件以及区位条件,从而建设农户满意度更高的土地整治工程。[结论]要提高农户对工程建设的满意度,建议前期对项目区田块自身条件和区位条件、道路和灌排条件以及农户收入进行深入调查,尽可能广泛听取农户意见,争取更多农户参与,建设可以调整农业生产结构,转移非农劳动力,改善生态环境,提高农户收益的高质量、高标准土地整治工程。     

管道灌概系统对耕地集约利用的可行性分析及探讨——以江苏省丰县为例

我国地少人多,在耕地日趋减少的今天,建立促进耕地集约、节约利用模式十分迫切.管道灌溉系统能够满足农田灌溉的同时,避免传统渠道对耕地的永久占压,以江苏省丰县管道灌溉区为例,对其管道灌溉系统的规划、设计、实施、运行等技术进行研究.结果表明:该区的管道灌溉节水效益显著,为土地开发复垦及整理项目提供了耕地集约、节约利用模式.     

关于进一步缩短征地报批周期提高报批效率的几点思考——以常州市新北区为例

征地报批周期长短是影响建设项目能否顺利落地实施的重要因素,事关用地企业的直接经济利益,事关城市建设和经济社会发展。本文以征地报批时间周期为主要研究对象,通过对常州市新北区2018年度25个征地项目报批周期的统计分析,详细阐明了影响征地报批周期长短的主要原因。结合我市征地报批工作实际,并借鉴其他城市的先进做法,提出了缩短报批周期、提高报批效率以确保及时满足企业用地需求的可行性建议和对策。     

涉水行业工程建设征地移民政策比较——以广西郁江老口枢纽移民工程为例

目前我国水利水电、交通（水运）等涉水行业工程建设征地移民安置政策方面存在一定差异,水利水电工程有明确的建设征地移民安置政策,而交通（水运）工程却尚未有明确的建设征地移民安置政策。以广西郁江老口枢纽工程建设征地移民安置规划设计为例,对水利水电工程和交通（水运）工程的建设征地移民安置政策进行梳理,从指导理念、移民安置与补偿办法、技术评审机构、移民后期扶持政策等方面进行多视角比较与分析,并建议完善与统一涉水行业的移民安置政策和移民方式。     

Do Differences in the Scale of Irrigation Projects Generate Different Impacts on Poverty and Production?

This article investigates differences in household production and consumption among small‐ and large‐scale irrigators to assess whether the scale of an irrigation project increases household welfare in Mali. Much of the evidence of the impact of irrigation does not use counterfactual analysis to estimate such impact or distinguish between the scale of the irrigation projects to be evaluated. In the dataset collected by the author, both a large‐scale irrigation project and small‐scale projects are used to construct counterfactual groups. Propensity score matching is used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated for small and large irrigators relative to non‐irrigators on agricultural production, agricultural income and consumption per capita. Small‐scale irrigation has a larger effect on agricultural production and agricultural income than large‐scale irrigation, but large‐scale irrigation has a larger effect on consumption per capita. This suggests that market integration and non‐farm externalities are important in realising gains in agricultural surplus from irrigation.     

中国征地补偿制度的经济分析及征地改革建议

研究目的:探索征地补偿制度存在的问题及其改革的方向。研究方法:通过探索征地补偿与农地土地价格的关系,试图回答征地补偿标准高低的问题。对征地补偿制度进行经济分析,结合理论和国际经验探索征地补偿制度改革,提出改革建议。研究结论:(1)《土地管理法》规定的征地补偿标准不一定低于农地的土地价格,特别是在人均耕地面积占有量少的区域和当采用高限的土地补偿倍数和安置补助倍数时;(2)在"一对一"式的征地框架下,单纯提高补偿金难以平息征地中可能产生的种种争议和冲突;(3)"零星式"征地不利于为失地农民提供长期稳定的社会保障;(4)由于土地价值及其增值是由社会和国家(政府)带来的,一方面需要深入研究土地价值的归属,另一方面也要避免过高地补偿征地,过高的征地补偿也会产生(性质不同的)公平问题。笔者就征地改革制度提出建议:(1)"整村"式征地;(2)扩大可征地的范围,变"一对一"式的征地为"一对多"的可能征地关系;(3)改进征地补偿的计算方法,提高征地补偿的公平性;(4)将一次性征地补偿转变为按年支付的社会保险。     

土地整治项目绩效评价研究——以江西省为例

本文在分析土地整治项目绩效评价内涵及评价内容的基础上,用模糊层次分析法和多因素分值加和法,构建了江西省土地整治项目绩效评价指标体系,并对评价指标体系设定评分标准,更具有操作性。作者以江西省2010和2011年度土地整治示范建设147个子项目绩效评价为例,从项目绩效目标、项目资金情况、项目管理情况、项目产出情况和项目效益情况5个维度进行评价,并另附一票否决项作为附加指标,为土地整治项目绩效评价提供新的思路与方法,以期为完善土地整治项目效益评价体系,提高项目决策和管理工作水平提供科学依据。结果表明,江西省2010和2011年度土地整治示范建设项目绩效等级良好26个,占18%,其余为合格,无优差等级。     

我国台湾地区的土地征收制度

通过介绍我国台湾地区的土地征收制度，对土地征收的目的、类型、征收补偿的范围以及土地征收的程序进行了详细的阐述，在此基础上将我国大陆和台湾地区的土地征收制度进行了对比，认为台湾地区土地征收制度在征收审核标准、执行程序以及补偿给付等方面的一些做法很值得大陆地区借鉴，以不断完善现行的土地征收制度。     

Socio-economic effects of agricultural land conversion for urban development: Case study of Hanoi,Vietnam

Agricultural land conversion for urban development is a major process in the vicinity of many cities in Vietnam. This causes problems for the fabric of local society. In this paper, we evaluate four agricultural land’s acquisition projects in two areas (Hoai Duc district and Thanh Oai district) in Hanoi, Vietnam to examine two primary questions: (1) how do farmers obtain any economic benefit from urban development projects? And, (2) how are socio-economic livelihoods of the farmers effected by land conversion? The investigation relied on a market land price's survey using a structured-interview method, in which 395 land-acquired households were randomly selected. The responses indicate that there are unequal benefits among the various stakeholders. On average farmers tend to benefit the least. Although the farmers have the possibility to transform their agricultural livelihood into a non-agricultural one with probably a higher income, they are actually faced with many difficulties in maintaining non-agricultural activities, in finding stable alternative livelihood activities, and in using the compensation for investments.     

Capability approach to compulsory purchase compensation: evidence of the functionings of land identified by affected landowners in Scotland

This research was inspired by the challenges faced by landowners seeking adequate compensation for all their losses following the compulsory acquisition of land by public authorities in Scotland. This research uses Sen’s ‘capability approach’ and argues that the well-being contribution of land extends beyond its market value and therefore compensation payable following compulsory acquisition should include these other losses. The aim of this research is to identify the valuable functionings (or usefulness) of land from the perspective of the existing landowners. The functionings which contribute to their well-being can be both financial and non-financial and should be appropriately compensated. This research identifies and creates a list of valuable ‘functionings’ of individual landowners who have suffered losses due to compulsory acquisition, servitude and severance under various public projects in Scotland. Qualitative Content Analysis is applied to analyse case reports prepared by the Lands Tribunal for Scotland. In-depth analysis of 19 relevant cases is performed with the use of NVIVO software and reveals a list of 15 different functionings of land. Results show that financial functionings are the most frequently discussed at the Lands Tribunal. The debate on the loss of financial benefits from expected and planned development on land in the near future is the most debated topic by the landowners.     

浅议移民条例实施后征地移民规划设计存在的问题

结合我国水利水电工程可行性研究阶段规划设计的实践,从征地移民规划设计的角度,分析了《大中型水利水电工程建设征地补偿和移民安置条例》存在的问题,着重阐述了设计深度不匹配、林地分解到户、安置区调剂土地等问题,并提出了工作体会和建议,为进一步补充和完善相应的规程规范以及相关的实施细则提供参考。     

从治国理政看土地管理问题

土地问题历来是社会革命和经济建设的基本问题 ,是治国理政的重大课题和重要内容。现实中 ,大量圈占土地 ,乱占滥用耕地 ,已到了非常严重的地步 ,成为当前经济运行和社会现实生活中的热点问题。加强土地管理并把严格保护耕地放在第一位 ,对国家粮食安全、亿万农民生计、农村乃至全社会、工业化和城镇化 ,具有基础作用、保障作用、稳定和支持作用。近年来严格管理土地 ,参与宏观调控收到了一举多得的功效 ,进一步严格管理土地和保护耕地的目标 ,主要靠严格土地执法 ,加强规划管理 ,保障农民利益 ,促进节约用地 ,健全责任制度等政策和手段来达到和实施     

涉地部门建设项目行政审批事项督察探索与应用

对涉地部门建设项目行政审批事项开展督察活动，可有效制止违法违规行政审批行为，促进涉地部门与国土部门密切配合，共同履行管地用地行政责任。在2011年度西北地区土地督察工作实践中，有3种督察工作方法，即：座谈会审法，申报审查法，筛选稽查法。三种方法分别适用于重点建设项目行政审批事项的重点督察；一般建设事项的抽样督察；各类建设项目审批监管行为的全面督察。三种方法并用可收到改善地方与国土部门的工作环境，促进涉地部门依法行政，推进“大家看、大家用”等同责任机制建设的功效。界定了适用范围，为深入开展涉地部门建设项目行政审批事项督察工作做了有益探索，取得了明显的工作成效。     

Are preserved farms actively engaged in agriculture and conservation?

This study addresses the question of whether farms enrolled in land preservation programs are actively engaged in agricultural or conservation activities. Data are drawn from an original survey administered to preserved farm owners in the states of New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware in 2011. “Actively engaged” is defined as investment in conservation projects, buildings, equipment, or irrigation since the land was preserved. Affirmative answers to the survey's investment questions range from a low of 19% for irrigation to a high of 69% for equipment. Special attention was paid to differences between lifestyle farmers and small and large commercial farmers, which are classified using the USDA typology developed in 2000. Regression analysis estimates differences in investment behavior across these groups as well as farm tenure categories, controlling for farm size, program/state location, and demographic variables. Only owners who employ tenants or managers exclusively on their land were found to invest significantly less than the largest professional farmers, and they did so across all four types of investment.This study's findings support preservation goals articulated by legislators and program administrators, because (1) agricultural and land stewardship investments appear to be widespread on preserved farms, partly due to administrators’ preference for larger parcels, (2) there is no evidence that “hobby farmers” are disproportionately attracted to farmland preservation programs – in fact the opposite seems to be true – while those that exist in our sample behave similarly to the largest commercial farmers, (3) although tenant farming is associated in the sample with lower rates of investment, it is less common on preserved farms than on all farms in the three study states. The matter of land tenure, highlighted in this as in other studies, has not yet become a primary focus of either farm-behavioral research or state agricultural policy.     

技术认知、获得程度与农户耕地质量保护提升行为

[目的]研究农户技术认知与获得程度对推动耕地质量保护提升工作开展有重要意义。[方法]文章以新疆为例,基于农户调查数据,利用二元Logistic模型分析技术认知、获得程度与农户耕地质量保护提升行为关系。[结果]（1）影响农户采用行为的关键因素主要来自农户对耕地质量保护提升补贴额的满意程度、现行技术满足程度、重要性认知水平、效果感受评价情况方面。（2）耕地质量保护提升的补贴形式对农户采用相关技术的行为有不同程度的影响,但结果的显著性不明显。（3）异质性结果表明：耕地质量保护提升补贴额的满意程度对南疆、东疆农户采用农膜残留回收技术、无害施肥施药技术和盐渍化治理技术的行为影响较大;耕地质量保护提升的重要性认知对北疆农户采用测土配方施肥技术、无害施肥施药技术和高效节水滴灌技术的行为影响较强;耕地质量保护提升的效果评价对南疆、东疆农户采用盐渍化治理技术的行为影响很强。[结论]当前新疆农户有强烈的耕地质量保护提升技术需求和采用愿望,要加强政策宣传与普及力度,引导农户积极开展技术交流,提高耕地质量保护提升技术采用水平。     

基于熵权法和灰色关联分析的国际BOT水电投资风险评价

通过建立国际BOT水电项目的 10个风险评价指标,运用熵权法定量确定指标权重,借鉴TOPSIS方法的思想,分别考察各项目与正、负理想方案间的关联程度并予以集成,构建基于熵权法和TOPSIS思想的灰色关联决策模型,对国际BOT水电项目投资风险进行评价。选取了5个典型的国际BOT项目进行实证分析,结果表明,该方法能客观有效地对国际BOT水电项目的风险进行分析;国际BOT水电项目的风险指标中地质灾害风险、征地移民风险、施工风险和经济与合同风险的权重较大,而政府信用风险、基础设施风险对于都处于相对落后地区的项目影响较小。最后由灰色关联决策模型对5个项目的投资风险进行分析、排序。     

Assessing the value of non-marketable land: The case of Israel

Non-marketable land often receives a low economic value, leading to the inefficient use of land. Since there is little reference to this subject, it is appropriate to develop a method for estimating the real economic value of non-marketable land, particularly when designated for various public projects. This paper presents an economic model used for estimating the value of non-marketable land in Israel, based on various measures, such as the distance from Israel's central region, socio-economic state, and proximity to the sea. The model allows rapid estimation of land values when examining a certain location for public projects, hence intended to prevent inefficient land use and low profitability of these projects. The model was subsequently used to estimate non-marketable land in four different regions in Israel where there is an interest in establishing public projects. The findings of the model indicate that these lands have high, yet diverse economic values. Furthermore, the results show that the highest land value was calculated for the location where the largest area was allocated. Thus, the model allows the internalization of the true land costs and may assist to select the land with the highest economic feasibility for such projects, preventing the realization of projects that are not economically worthwhile. There are two main options to integrate such a tool in the decision making process: as a statutory tool, or as a tool to be used by environmental organizations.     

Is Irrigation Rehabilitation Good for Poor Farmers? An Impact Evaluation of a Non‐Experimental Irrigation Project in Peru

This paper analyses the effect of a set of irrigation rehabilitation projects conducted over the last 10 years in Peru. The projects were conducted without the aim or the tools for a full‐fledged impact evaluation. Nevertheless, this paper attempts an evaluation through the use of alternative data sources such as household surveys and geographic information, a strategy of identification of beneficiaries and control households based on spatial proximity to the projects’ sites, and an econometric approach consisting of a double‐differencing technique. The empirical analysis is guided and interpreted with the help of a theoretical model that considers the effects of an irrigation project on the distribution of production, employment and income for different types of landowners. The paper concludes that the irrigation projects implemented in Peru had a positive impact on intended beneficiary households, but not in the way it could have been simplistically expected. The project did benefit the poor but not by increasing production in their own small plots but by providing them with better employment opportunities in larger farms.