关于广西发展反季节蔬菜的浅见

为了进一步落实自治区党委提出的“ 1234610”工作思路,广西许多地方已把反季节蔬菜生产作为“万元田”建设的一项主要内容,认真加强领导、进行统一规划、统一管理、统一实施,使反季节蔬菜生产取得了良好的效果。笔者根据当前的情况,就如何进一步发展反季节蔬菜问题,提出如下浅见： 　　一、党委和政府的重视是发展反季节蔬菜生产的保证 　　近年来,广西很多地方在发展反季节蔬菜生产方面取得良好的效果,但是,也有一些地方对发展反季节蔬菜由于领导不够重视,各方面协调不好,使反季节蔬菜的发展成了空话,得不到预期的经济效益。因…     

走出反季节蔬菜的误区

什么是反季节蔬菜?所谓反季节蔬菜,是指所在季节不能露天生产的蔬菜。一般地说,反季节蔬菜能够卖出数倍于大路菜的价格。但是,近年来,在一些地方却出现了反季节蔬菜价格反而低于按农时种植的蔬菜价格的反常现象,菜农叫苦连天,反季节蔬菜失去了本身应有的意义。原因何在?其实,出现反季节蔬菜壅于市的情况并不足以为怪。一些菜农对市场了解太少,又缺乏信息指导,跟着感觉走,凭着经验干,见种植某种蔬菜有利可图就蜂拥而上,结果导致原先短缺     

反季节蔬菜安全风险及其治理

作为现代生活必可不少的反季蔬菜,其质量安全直接关系着消费者的身心健康,又影响到反季节蔬菜产业的持续发展和农民收入的增加.但是,反季节蔬菜质量安全的信誉品属性,以及我国目前的家户分散经营模式,给生产者利用信息优势采取策略性行为提供了充足的空间,从而导致反季节蔬质量安全难以靠市场机制保障,必须建立有效的反季节蔬菜质量安全公共治理机制.通过保证农资质量、监控生产过程、提供农技服务以及新经营模式等,才能切实防控反季节蔬菜质量安全风险.     

反季节蔬菜为何价格走低？

专家说:质量是关键据有关专家分析,近年来,反季节蔬菜在不少地方价格走低,其原因:一是供求关系所致。自1995年实行农业结构调整以来,反季节蔬菜获得了大发展。到目前为止,全国蔬菜总面积是1995年的8倍多。生产面积的急剧增长导致了效益的相应下降。     

话说反季节

近日,继海南毒豇豆后,海南节瓜在广东江门被检出含禁用药水胺硫磷;河北一农民也自爆反季节菜是长期喷农药种植出来的……市民买菜随之神经紧绷,有媒体也呼吁“少吃反季节蔬菜”。这是反季节蔬菜自2005年北京市食安办一则“慎买反季节蔬菜”警示引发争议之后,再一次遭遇信任危机。     

我国西部冷凉气候区蔬菜产业发展战略思考--以青海省东部地区为例

我国西部冷凉气候资源丰富,具有发展反季节蔬菜生产的潜力。该文以青海省东部地区为例,探讨西部冷凉气候区发展蔬菜产业的有利条件,提出建立蔬菜产业化经营新机制、积极培育龙头企业、制定蔬菜产品质量安全卫生标准等42项蔬菜产业化发展的对策。     

高寒山区反季节蔬菜产业的发展思路及对策——以乳源县大桥镇为例

乳源县大桥镇属石灰岩山区乡镇,也是广东省高寒山区,为发展农业农村经济,经过多年的摸索和实践,在高寒山区发展反季节蔬菜产业成为当地农民的重要经济收入来源之一,带动了该镇农业农村经济发展。本文通过深入调查和研究,以乳源县大桥镇为例,就高寒山区如何发展反季节蔬菜产业的思路和对策作出探讨。     

广州市北部山区发展渡夏蔬菜气候资源与区划

论述了广州北部山区发展渡夏反季节蔬菜的气候资源优势并进行了区划。     

肃北县砂石地日光温室蔬菜有机生态无土栽培技术

近年来为丰富农牧民菜篮子,甘肃省肃北县大力发展反季节蔬菜栽培,在荒漠戈壁上建设无土栽培日光温室,有效解决了温室占用耕地的矛盾。现将有关技术总结如下,供西北荒漠地区发展反季节蔬菜参考。     

反季蔬菜到底能不能吃

正反季节蔬菜是一年四季我们餐桌上都少不了的食物,一年四季都可以吃到想吃的蔬菜不失为一种幸运,这多亏了现代农业技术的发展。但同样,也会带来很多问题和争议。在《反季节蔬菜的口感营养变差了吗?》一文中,我们说过,由于栽种过程中温度、光照强度等天时因素的制约,以及采收过程中成熟度不够、香气积累不足的关系,     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.