智能优化算法求解车辆路径问题的对比分析

利用智能优化算法解决车辆路径问题(VRP)是组合优化领域的一个研究热点。论文介绍了蚁群算法，粒子群算法和模拟退火算法的算法原理和求解流程，选用了Solomon数据集的三种不同客户规模，通过利用python编制程序对三种智能优化算法的求解性能进行了测试。研究表明粒子群算法对各规模CVRP问题求解的效果均不尽人意；模拟退火算法在中小规模时算法求得最优解能力更好，蚁群算法求解大、中、小规模CVRP问题的综合评价最高。研究结果对于带容积限制的车辆路径问题的算法选择具有一定的参考价值。     

微粒群算法在现代物流系统优化中的应用

根据物流系统优化问题和微粒群优化算法的各自特点，提出了采用微粒群优化算法求解物流系统优化问题的相关策略，对微粒群优化算法在旅行商问题、车辆路径问题、配送中心选址问题、布局优化问题上的应用进行了研究。     

基于ACA的军事物流车辆配送路径优化研究

将蚂蚁算法应用到车辆配送的路径优化问题中,设计了求解车辆配送路径优化问题的模型,并应用实例加以仿真计算,最后的实例结果求解表明了该算法的有效和实用,将提高我军在现代战争中的精确保障能力。     

同时取送货车辆路径问题的改进粒子群优化算法

同时取送货车辆路径问题(VRPSDP)是指车辆在服务过程中,对顾客同时进行取货和送货服务,针对这类问题,提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法.通过惯性权重的更新和路径链接更新策略有效地扩大算法的搜索空间,从而改进了算法的性能.另外,采用邻域搜索扩大策略(ENS)加快了算法的搜索速度.最后,应用所提出的改进的粒子群优化算法求解了两类同时取送货的车辆路径问题的算例.结果表明,该算法与经典的求解结果相比较,取得了比较好的计算结果,表明该算法是求解同时取送货车辆路径问题的有效工具.     

同时取送货车辆路径问题的改进粒子群优化算法

同时取送货车辆路径问题(VRPSDP)是指车辆在服务过程中,对顾客同时进行取货和送货服务,针对这类问题,提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法。通过惯性权重的更新和路径链接更新策略有效地扩大算法的搜索空间,从而改进了算法的性能。另外,采用邻域搜索扩大策略(ENS)加快了算法的搜索速度。最后,应用所提出的改进的粒子群优化算法求解了两类同时取送货的车辆路径问题的算例。结果表明,该算法与经典的求解结果相比较,取得了比较好的计算结果,表明该算法是求解同时取送货车辆路径问题的有效工具。     

物流配送车辆调度问题算法综述

配送车辆调度优化问题旨在解决配送中路径和车辆调度问题的一类组合优化问题,是近年来物流控制优化领域的研究热点。文章对运输调度问题进行了分类总结,给出总体模型的概括描述,分析遗传算法、模拟退火算法、禁忌搜索算法、蚁群算法和微粒群算法的特点及其在求解配送车辆调度优化问题中的求解思路,并讨论了其求解现状,对未来研究方向进行展望,指出改进混合现有算法,开拓新算法将是更有效解决配送车辆调度问题的好方法。     

有时间窗的车辆路径问题改进蚁群算法研究

针对目前蚁群算法在求解有时间窗的车辆路径问题上较少对蚁群算法本身进行优化的问题,提出了一种改进蚁群算法,通过改进状态转移概率和信息素更新规则,以及使用改进的精英蚂蚁策略,改善蚁群算法搜索能力。通过对Solomon标准数据集的实验,结果表明改进的蚁群算法在求解有时间窗车辆路径问题上是有效的。     

改进的蚁群算法在物流配送路径问题中的实现

蚁群算法是受自然界中蚁群搜索食物行为启发而提出的一种智能优化算法,通过介绍蚁群觅食过程中基于信息素的最短路径的搜索策略。以及蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用,在分析TSP与车辆路径问题（VRP）的异同后,给出用于求解车辆路径问题（VRP）的蚁群算法,并针对蚁群算法在求解过程容易出现过旱收敛问题,提出了几种改进算法的措施。最后通过powerbuilder的仿真实现结果表明,这种算法对VRP问题有较好的求解效果。     

基于低碳排放的应急物流车辆路径优化

针对应急物流的车辆路径优化问题,基于低碳绿色物流思想,以车辆固定成本、运输过程中产生的成本、未满足需求量的惩罚成本以及碳排放成本之和最低为优化目标,建立了基于低碳排放的应急物流车辆路径优化模型。由于受灾点的需求具有不确定性,模型运用三角模糊数来估计需求量。为了求解模型,采用混合遗传算法,利用节约算法获得初始解,并利用大规模邻域搜索算法“破坏”与“修复”的思想改进遗传算法的局部搜索操作。最后通过算例仿真,验证了模型的实用性与算法的有效性。     

带时间窗的应急救助物资配送车辆路径优化模型研究

在自然灾害突发后,必须将救助物资在规定的时间内运送到受灾点。针对带有时间窗的应急救助物资配送车辆路径优化问题进行研究,建立车辆路径优化模型并运用了蚁群算法进行求解,取得了较好的效果。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.