Evaluating the Relative Innovative Position of European Union Member Countries: An Empirical Analysis

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence about the relative positions of European Union member states on innovation and, more specifically, on innovation in manufacturing. These positions were obtained from the aggregation of different innovation variables using the principal component analysis. We do not provide, from the statistical viewpoint, a synthetic indicator, even if, from the economic perspective, the information we obtained was similar to what such an indicator would provide. Our unit of analysis is the sector in each country, what we will term ‘country‐sector’, covering both innovative and non‐innovative firms.     

广东省纺织业技术创新模式研究

介绍了广东省纺织业技术引进、消化吸收、创新的现状,根据广东纺织企业几个典范,重点剖析各企业的创新模式特征,提出了技术创新模式的应用范围及趋势,对促进我国纺织业技术创新发展有着积极意义和借鉴价值。     

Product innovation: testing the relative influence of industry,institutional context and firm factors

This article analyses the influence of industry characteristics (concentration and technological opportunity), the institutional framework (social capital and spillovers from the public sector) and some firm factors (external and internal R&D) on product innovation in a unique integrated framework. Based on a sample of Spanish industrial firms, these variables were found to be positively related to firms’ product innovation. Also, results show that in institutional environments with significant levels of social capital and spillovers, firms change their innovation strategy focusing on external R&D.     

国内外创新链研究的现状分析及展望

创新链是创新方法和创新模式研究的热点之一,也是创新理论体系的组成部分。由于创新链研究是一个较新的领域,近年来,国内外围绕创新链各个环节的主要内容、方法和路径已经开展了不少的研究工作,对创新链的不同类型、具体策略和组织模式以及影响其效率的原因进行了探索,并在相关的系统分析和节点研究等方面取得了一定进展。这些工作对于创新方法的研究以及推动创新成果的产业化,将起到越来越重要的作用。     

纺织服装行业老字号品牌创新研究

进入经济社会发展的新时期,众多纺织服装行业老字号品牌面临发展停滞问题,甚至危及生存。运用创新理论对纺织服装行业老字号品牌如何在继承的基础上追求创新进行了剖析,并提出品牌形象创新、技术创新、市场创新和研发创新四大创新模式,以便对纺织服装行业品牌或其他老字号品牌的发展与复兴提供参考。     

Evaluation of the green technology innovation efficiency of China's manufacturing industries: DEA window analysis with ideal window width

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window analysis with ideal window width is applied to evaluate the green technology innovation efficiency of 28 manufacturing industries in China during 2006–2014. The obtained results are compared with those calculated using the traditional DEA model, and convergence analysis of the efficiency is conducted. Five years is the obtained ideal window width and DEA window analysis with ideal window produces results closer to reality for China's manufacturing industry. The overall efficiency of the green technology innovation in the manufacturing sector is low following a wave-shaped curve – first decreasing, then increasing and decreasing again, with large inter-industrial differences. There are 8 high-, 14 medium- and 6 low-efficiency industries. A convergence trend in the green technology innovation efficiency within the 28 manufacturing industries exists, implying a catch-up effect between them.     

纺织企业技术创新项目风险识别研究

在中国最大的纺织工业中心之一绍兴,通过对21家纺织企业51个项目进行调查研究,识别出纺织企业技术创新项目在市场和技术特征等2个维度存在9个关键风险,其中市场维度的关键风险有：＂市场规模＂、＂市场竞争环境＂和＂客户需求变动＂等;技术特征维度的关键风险有：＂技术成熟度＂、＂引进技术或设备的价值＂、＂内部相关技术人员状况＂、＂企业技术开发速度＂、＂项目的技术复杂程度＂、以及＂对外部技术的依赖性＂等。在识别关键风险之后,提出了纺织企业技术创新风险防范的若干建议。在市场风险方面,企业要充分做好市场营销的各项工作;面对竞争者,企业要做好创新成果的知识产权申报;针对顾客需求的多变,企业可设市场情报部门主动了解市场动向和顾客需求变动;在技术风险方面,企业要系统地分析自身的技术不足,可以通过合作创新等方式有效减少创新的风险。     

Innovation in the medical device sector: an open business model approach for high-tech small firms

Innovation in the medical device industry is progressing rapidly with many technologies heralded as major breakthroughs. The public are often well informed about these matters, which results in a patient pull for innovations that are years from market. HTSFs operating in this environment face huge challenges in terms of realising the latent economic potential from new innovations. Open innovation offers the prospect of lower costs for innovation, faster times to market, and the chance to share risks. By developing open business models medical device companies can capture the multifaceted ideas of scientists, engineers, clinicians and indeed patients; thus allowing beneficial technologies to reach the market more quickly in a way that is evidence focused. This study uses a qualitative approach to investigate the explicit and implicit business models within HTSFs in the health care sector and provides a useful contribution to understand the challenges and identify solutions in this multi-stakeholder environment.     

产业转移视角下安徽省制造业技术创新效率评价——基于CPM与DEA

利用2009年安徽省制造业各行业的数据,应用突变级数法和数据包络分析法,对安徽省制造业的技术创新效率进行了测评。结果表明:安徽省装备制造业的技术创新效率较高,轻纺工业和原材料产业的技术创新效率相对较低。提出在承接产业转移的重大机遇下,提高制造业各行业的技术创新效率是安徽省"十二五"期间全面提升制造业技术创新水平的关键途径,也是实现安徽省经济社会跨越式发展的重要保障。     

对四川省纺织服装产业发展的建议

进入21世纪以来,全球纺织业步入了新一轮调整升级周期。中国纺织服装产业转型升级与创新驱动的基本路径是由劳动成本优势向劳动效率优势转型,进而再向科技加时尚转型。以四川省纺织服装产业发展为例分析,可以看到未来面临四大机遇与两大挑战,综合分析形成基本判断:中国东部纺织服装产业为分享西部未来的市场,肯定要向四川省转移部分力量;而四川省承接产业转移,发挥低碳资源优势、特色资源优势,可以良性发展纺织服装产业。     

纺织企业节能减排技术创新的困境及对策研究——以宁波为例

通过对宁波纺织企业节能减排技术创新中面一临问题的调查分析,提出了促进宁波纺织企业节能减排技术创新水平的对策：实施财税激励政策以降低企业节能减排技术创新成本;促成纺织企业联盟以增强中小企业节能减排技术创新能力;建立政府干预与市场运作相结合的节能减排技术服务平台。     

Innovation and job creation in a dual labor market: evidence from Spain

This paper studies the effect of product and process innovations on job creation in the Spanish manufacturing sector over the period 1991–2005. We use a change in the employment protection legislation (EPL) in 1997 to study the effect of innovations on permanent and temporary workers before and after that change. We find that (i) product and process innovation created jobs, (ii) before the change in the EPL in 1997 innovations did not affect the number of permanent workers and all the increase in employment was explained by the increase in the number of temporary workers, (iii) after the change in the EPL, innovations increased both the number of temporary and permanent employees, and (iv) while the increase in temporary workers takes place after one year of the innovations, the increase in permanent workers occurs mainly two years after the innovations.     

基于DEA改进模型的装备制造业技术创新效率实证研究

基于2007-2009年的统计面板数据,运用DEA方法对我国装备制造业技术创新效率进行评价,并运用改进的DEA评价模型,对我国装备制造业7大类行业的技术创新效率进行实证研究,研究结果表明,我国装备制造业各行业技术创新效率普遍不高,对创新资源的利用不充分。改进的DEA方法不仅为较少决策单元的评价提供了新的途径,也为提高装备制造业各大类行业技术创新能力提供参考。     

服务业创新能力评价——基于广东数据的经验分析

根据创新的内涵与服务业产业的特点,以技术与制度相结合的视角构建了服务业创新能力的评价指标体系,运用因子分析法,以广东为例对该指标体系进行了实证检验。因子分析与回归分析的结果共同表明,近年来广东服务业创新能力得到不断提高,但服务业制度创新能力对服务业创新能力的整体提升贡献较大,技术创新能力的贡献较小。     

荷兰食品产业与创新概述

从食品产业来讲,荷兰是一个强国,在全球享有很高声誉,而产学研协同创新是荷兰食品产业取得成功的关键。本文对荷兰食品产业及发展方向、主要食品研发机构和企业,以及"食品谷"等做了简要介绍,以加深对荷兰食品产业的了解,推动中荷在食品领域的合作。     

Does input sector liberalization promote quality innovation and exports?

This paper examines the relationship between input sector liberalization and product quality innovation and export orientation by a LDC firm given the complementarity between high input quality and high product quality. We show that input sector liberalization per se may not induce quality innovation and outward orientation. In fact, in some situations, ceteris paribus input sector liberalization may increase the odds in favour of low-quality production. We show that total output sector liberalization, or surprisingly, a suitable degree of output sector protection is needed to be combined with input sector liberalization so that quality innovation is induced.     

外商直接投资对我国制造业自主创新投入的影响

本文利用2003—2007年我国28个制造行业的面板数据,检验了外商直接投资（FDI）参与度、FDI研发强度以及科技人员比重等因素对内资制造业自主创新投入的影响。结果表明上述三个因素对全部内资制造业的自主创新投入的影响并不显著。将制造业划分为高技术行业和一般行业,外资参与度对内资高技术行业研发强度的抑制程度要小于一般行业。外资研发强度对内资高技术行业研发强度的影响显著为负,对一般行业亦产生消极影响,但不显著。外资科技人员比重明显促进了高技术行业的自主创新投入,对低技术行业的研发支出强度产生负面影响,但统计上也不显著。上述结论意味着外资参与对内资自主创新投入的影响较为间接,需要关注直接影响内资自主创新投入的外资研发强度和外资科技人员比重等因素。内资企业要主动提高自主创新投入,形成自主创新能力,缩小和外资的技术差距。     

Foresight on biopharmaceuticals: Designing foresight methods for Spanish biopharmaceuticals

This paper has as its starting point the analysis of the systemic failures in the Spanish Biopharmaceutical Innovation System grounded in the study carried out by the same authors for the OECD between 2002 and 2004. Based on the evidence that one of the main failures is the lack of sufficient linkages between the different actors involved in the dynamic of the system, this paper proposes third-generation foresight as an instrument of science and innovation policy for resolving the problem of systemic failures. Foresight exercises could become an important instrument for reorienting policy, building new networks and linkages among the different actors, bringing new stakeholders into the strategic debate, exploring future opportunities for investment in science and innovation activities, etc. The objective of this paper is the design of a foresight exercise on biopharmaceuticals with the aim of solving, or at least reducing, the failures of this Spanish sectoral system of innovation and in consequence making it stronger.     

Environmental efficiency and labour productivity: Trade-off or joint dynamics? A theoretical investigation and empirical evidence from Italy using NAMEA

In this paper we test an adapted EKC hypothesis to verify the relationship between ‘environmental efficiency’ (namely emissions per unit of value added) and labour productivity (value added per employee). We exploit NAMEA data on Italy for 29 sector branches and 6 categories of air emissions for the period 1991-2001. We employ data on capital stock and trade openness to test the robustness of our results.On the basis of the theoretical and empirical analyses focusing on innovation, firm performances and environmental externalities, we would expect a positive correlation between environmental efficiency and labour productivity — a negative correlation between the emissions intensity of value added and labour productivity — which departs from the conventional mainstream view. The hypothesis tested is a critical one within the longstanding debate on the potential trade-off or complementarity between environmental preservation and economic performance, which is strictly associated with the role of technological innovation. We find that for most air emission categories there is a positive relationship between labour productivity and environmental efficiency. Labour productivity dynamics, then, seem to be complementary to a decreasing emissions intensity in the production process. Taking a disaggregate sector perspective, we show that the macro-aggregate evidence is driven by sector dynamics in a non-homogenous way across pollutants. Services tend always to show a ‘complementary’ relationship, while industry seems to be associated with inverted U-shape dynamics for greenhouse gases and nitrogen oxides. This is in line with our expectations. In any case, EKC shapes appear to drive such productivity links towards complementarity. The extent to which this evidence derives from endogenous market forces, industrial and structural change, and policy effects is discussed by taking an evolutionary perspective to innovation and by referring to impure public goods arguments.