我国管道燃气规制机构亟需调整

政府规制机构的设置与公用事业产业组织结构和企业形态有密切关系。天然气替代煤气成为管道燃气的主要气源,我国管道燃气产业在从原来的以城市网络为基础的局域型公用事业演变成全国网络的公用事业的同时,由于管道燃气配气企业产权改革,企业已经由原来的国有垄断变为多元股权。以上两方面的变化,需要一个统一的、独立的、多层次的管道燃气规制机构与之相适应。     

建立五大制度体系推进城市燃气企业科学发展

城市燃气是城市的重要基础设施，又是重要的能源设施。城市燃气企业承担着城市燃气的输配供应和燃气设施的经营管理，是大力发展城市燃气事业的重要载体和平台。城市燃气企业的科学发展就是在以民为本、造福用户的基础上实现三大目标：一是由单纯追求燃气供应向燃气供应、涉气服务和企业内部管理等方面全面延伸，实现优质供气和企业全面发展；二是统筹城乡燃气工程建设和统筹居民用户和工业、公建用户燃气工程建设，     

杭州市管道燃气价格管理探析

随着杭州管道燃气行业的不断发展，现行管道燃气价格管理体制逐渐暴露出不少问题，已经难以很好地促进新时期我市管道燃气行业的健康、可持续发展。分析我市现阶段管道燃气价格管理存在的不足，借鉴国内外其他地区城市燃气价格管理的先进经验，将有助于我市进一步深化管道燃气价格改革。     

加大国有燃气企业改革力度

随着城市经济体制改革的深入，我国的城市燃气事业获得了很大的发展。到1993年底我国已有200家城市燃气生产供应企业，城市燃气普及率达到3％(未包括液化气)，年消费各种燃气100亿立方米，消费量相当于日本的60％，法国的30％，英国的20％，美国的4％。燃气事业的发展不仅使人民的生活水平提高。随着城市经济体制改革的深入，我国的城市燃气事业获得了很大的发展。到1993年底我国已有200家城市燃气生产供应企业，城市燃气普及率达到3％(未包括液化气)，年消费各种燃气100亿立方米，消费量相当于日本的60％，法国的30％，英国的20％，美国的4％。燃气事业的发展不仅使人民的生活水平提高，而且还大大减少了S、N氧化物和粉尘的排放，提高燃料综合利用效率，对社会与经济发展起到了不可忽视的作用。     

关于价格规制的思考

近来，关于中国是否应实行价格规制和如何实行价格规制的问题，成为社会普遍关注的热点之一。本文从价格规制的理论出发，阐述了价格规制的必要性以及对社会福利的影响，在借鉴国外价格规制经验的基础上，给出了中国实行价格规制的对策建议。     

我国民航客运价格规制的绩效评价与改革思路探讨

以国内民航市场客运价格规制改革问题为研究对象,从传统自然垄断产业规制改革的角度,结合对我国民航客运价格规制改革的绩效评价,通过对目前我国民航客运价格规制制度存在问题的分析,探讨了民航客运价格规制设计、民航客运定价规制改革、民航客运价格规制合同等问题,提出建立我国激励性客运价格规制体系的改革思路。     

规制工具选择及其成本有效性

规制工具是为达到规制目标的政策手段。由稀缺性引发的成本节约问题必然转化为最优规制政策的选择。从规制的服从成本、监督与实施成本和间接成本的角度,分析价格规制和准入规制的不同形式的成本有效性,并得到经验事实的支持。通过引入规制影响评价制度,以及通过组合规制工具使规制工具与规制目标相匹配,可以提高规制工具的有效性。     

环境规制中的规制俘获与对策研究

在环境规制过程中，污染企业和相关利益集团通过游说环境立法机构，使其制定有利于自己的法律、法规，即通过规制俘获降低治污成本，获取竞争优势，但这有可能导致环境规制失效。因此，研究环境规制中的规制俘获问题，揭示其制约因素，有助于完善环境规制制度，提高环境规制效率。影响规制俘获可能性的因素包括污染企业相对其他利益集团的影响力、环境规制制度安排和规制政策选择。针对这些因素采取对策可以降低规制俘获可能性，提高环境规制效率。     

日本对公司制度的刑法规制

日本国会2005年通过的《公司法典》,是日本商事立法的重大发展,《公司法典》的生效,不仅结束了日本公司制度没有专门法典的历史,而且也显现了日本公司法制现代化的重要成果。法典不仅从民事、行政的角度对公司制度加以确定,在其罚则部分也运用了刑罚处罚的方法对公司制度进行了规制,日本《公司法典》不仅对原有的散见于各法律中的罚则部分加以吸收整合,而且结合《公司法典》中公司制度的调整对其罚则部分也做出了相应的调整和增加。     

浅谈燃气企业的管理与改制

城市燃气化作为城市现代化的重要标志之一，日益受到各个城市的高度重视。目前全国已有500多个大中城市建有燃气设施，有近1．5亿居民使用上燃气，面对燃气事业发展的形势，如何开拓燃气市场，适应市场，抓管理，转机制，促进燃气行业在市场经济中发展、壮大，是我们燃气行业急需解决的问题。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。