煤炭企业经济管理创新研究

分析了煤炭企业现今存在的问题,提出了煤炭企业经济管理的多种创新途径,以提高我国煤炭企业的综合竞争力,实现煤炭企业快速可持续发展的目标。     

The mediating effects of interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork on firm performance in supply chains

This paper empirically examines the influences of strategic interdependence and resource complementarity on operational performance and relational performance of Chinese suppliers based on the resource-based view and resource dependence theory. In particular, it analyses the mediating effects of interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork. We apply structural equation modeling to analyze the survey data collected from logistics and supply chain managers, and derive the best model with theoretical foundation and statistical significance. As a result, our work has identified the mediating effects of interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork, and validated the assertion that strategic interdependence and resource complementarity as supply chain resources are fundamental to firm performance. It is stressed that resource capitalization requires interfirm business process integration and joint teamwork to realize the value of supply chain resources. The findings not only contribute to research on interfirm resources and performance, but also have practical implications for operations and supply chain management.     

The relative impact of actual and potential rivalry on firm profitability in the pharmaceutical industry

This paper estimates the effects of actual and potential rivalry on profitability of firms in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry during the 20‐year period 1963–82. The results show that during the 1960s actual rivalry among the sampled firms did not materially affect firm profitability, but that during the 1970s competition among incumbents had an increasingly adverse effect on their profitability. The results also show that potential competition significantly reduced drug firms’ profitability during the entire 20‐year period. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国家石油公司上下游一体化的内因及影响

近年来,历史上以上游业务为主的国家石油公司(NOC)一直在加快发展炼油化工、市场销售等业务,产业链不断向下游延伸.资源国国家石油公司发展下游业务的根本动因在于保障国家石油需求安全,具体的内因包括:1)石油产业的自然属性和一体化经营的要求;2)加强与国际石油公司(IOC)竞合的需要;3)构筑国家石油产业体系的需要.国家石油公司既可以立足国内,在资源地发展下游业务,也可以立足国外,在需求地发展下游.亚太、中东、非洲、拉丁美洲以及前苏联地区是国家石油公司发展下游业务的战略重点区域.国家石油公司上下游一体化对石油市场的影响:1)与IOC之间日益激烈的产业链竞争,有利于打破国际石油市场垄断,创造新的产业进入和发展机会;2)有利于促进国际石油市场的力量平衡,最终实现国际油价的稳定;3)与IOC在新老产业链上实现竞争与合作.中国的石油企业应加强与NOC、IOC的互利合作,密切关注并积极参与非常规能源和新能源的开发.     

The impact of firm cost and market size asymmetries on national mergers in a three-country model

This paper studies the impact of firm cost and market size asymmetries on merger decisions. I consider a model where a small and a large country compete in a third (world) market. Each of the two countries has two firms (with potentially different costs) that supply the domestic market and export to the third market. Merger decisions in the two countries are modeled as a simultaneously move game. The paper finds that firms in the large country have more incentives to merge than firms in the small country. In contrast, the government of the large country has more incentives to block a merger than the government of the small country. Thus, the model predicts that conflicts of interest between governments and firms concerning national mergers are more likely in large countries than in small ones.     

新贝克休斯数字化与纵向一体化发展战略研究

通用电气并购贝克休斯组建全球第二大石油工程技术服务公司,新贝克休斯成为第一家被行业外集团跨界控制的巨头,油服行业第一次直面外部发展理念、管理模式和特色技术的全方位冲击.新贝克休斯将自己定义为全世界第一家也是唯一一家全领域数字化油气工业公司,统辖上游、中游、下游、工业和数字化五大业务板块,提供一体化油田产品、服务和数字化解决方案,在价值链的每个环节实现成本和风险最小化.其中,独立的数字化板块是新贝克休斯的最大创新点,引领油服行业加快迎接大数据时代.针对斯伦贝谢的横向一体化,新贝克休斯提出纵向一体化发展战略,打造石油天然气资源从前端生产到终端利用的完整价值链,以全取胜,将目标客户锁定为中小型勘探开发公司,在大型国际石油公司和国家石油公司以外的市场上与斯伦贝谢形成差异化竞争.     

SOCO's impact on individual sales performance: The integration of selling skills as a missing link

Conventional wisdom suggests that a customer orientation is a vital cornerstone upon which the success of salespeople is predicated in terms of serving their customers and prospects. However, at a pragmatic level, not all salespeople practice a customer-oriented philosophy in their day-to-day selling. In fact, decades of sales research provide largely inconclusive results with respect to individual salespersons' customer orientation and performance outcomes. We argue that for customer orientation to be a predictor of sales performance, specific selling skills must be present. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate that without these requisite selling skills, salespeople are better off utilizing a sales orientation approach, as opposed to a customer orientation approach. More provocatively, this research shows that a “missing link” in the long standing body of research on the SOCO (sales orientation/customer orientation) perspective is that specific selling skills can impact sales performance directly as well as moderate the impact that both a “sales orientation” and a “customer orientation” ultimately have on sales performance.     

The performance impact of post-M&A interdepartmental integration: An empirical analysis

This study investigates how post-M&A interdepartmental integration affects the efficiency and effectiveness of new product development (NPD).The total sample size was 251 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for statistical analysis. Analytical results indicate that, although collaboration interdepartmental integration positively correlates with product vision, interaction interdepartmental interaction integration does not reach a significant level. Despite the fact that some interaction is essential when developing new product competitive advantage (NPCA), such interaction does not necessarily achieve success. Further, product vision positively correlates with new product competitive advantage and NPD performance, and new product competitive advantage positively correlates with NPD performance. In addition, an examination of the mediation effect in terms of Sobel t-test reveals that product vision is a significant mediator for the influence of interdepartmental integration on new product competitive advantage, while the new product competitive advantage is also a significant mediator for the influence of interdepartmental integration on NPD performance. Moreover, this study provides a framework for managing post-M&A integration and closes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the research findings.     

玩具企业拆招美欧新标准

欧美轮番提高进口玩具安全标准给中国玩具出口带来巨大压力。有企业称,出口欧美玩具的检测费用甚至高于玩具生产成本,这对尚处于生产代工阶段的中小企业来说是致命的打击。商战实践证明,只有时刻跟踪标准变化趋势、按照高标准生产产品,才能为企业赢得商机,赢得市场。     

世界炼化一体化的新进展及其对我国的启示

当前,世界炼化企业面临严峻挑战：油价持续走高,重质低质原油供应比例增大;炼油企业面临从清洁燃料向低碳燃料转变,既要减少气体污染物的排放又要减少二氧化碳的排放,新建和改造炼厂的投资将大幅度攀升;石化产品需求不均衡,部分石化产品不能满足经济发展的需求,石脑油原料紧缺,丙烯的缺口将越来越大。应对这些挑战的最佳对策就是实现炼化一体化。通过炼化一体化多生产低成本的乙烯、丙烯、苯和对二甲苯是炼化一体化企业的关键,其关键技术一是石油化工型催化裂化技术,二是生产对二甲苯和苯的组合技术,三是甲醇制烯烃技术。对我国的炼化企业来说,要充分利用石油资源,努力提高轻油收率;通过催化裂化多产丙烯和芳烃料,用最新一代技术提高对二甲苯的收率,以此缓解化工轻油不足的矛盾;通过装置大型化实现企业大型化,减少投资,降低生产成本;依靠技术进步,应对周边国家竞争,开拓生存和发展的空间。     

Family ownership and firm performance: Influence of family management,family control,and firm size

This study examines the relationship between family ownership and firm performance by considering the influence of family management, family control, and firm size. Using proxy data of 786 public family firms in Taiwan during 2002–2007, this study found that family ownership is positively associated with firm performance. The positive association is strong particularly when family members serve as CEOs, top managers, chairpersons, or directors of the firms; however, the association becomes weak when family members are not involved in firm management or control. The findings suggest that the potential family-ownership effects are more likely to be realized when family ownership is combined with active family management and control. In addition, the association between family ownership and firm performance is stronger in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) than in large companies.     

Corporate social responsibility,firm reputation,and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership

This study investigated the antecedents and outcomes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the moderating effects of ethical leadership. We collected two-wave, temporally lagged data from two sources (general and vice-general managers) in 199 tourism firms (hotels and travel agencies) in southeast China. We have two major findings. First, ethical leadership moderated its own indirect effect on firm reputation via CSR. It had an indirect and positive effect on firm reputation through CSR when ethical leadership was strong but not when it was weak. Second, ethical leadership also moderated the indirect effect of CSR on firm performance via firm reputation. There was an indirect and positive effect of CSR when ethical leadership was strong but not when ethical leadership was weak. This study highlights the role of ethical leadership in linking the antecedents and outcomes of CSR, and provides support for the stakeholder theory.     

The impact of selling aids on new prospects

Once a firm has called a list of good prospects, it is necessary to turn those prospects into first-time customers. Through an empirical investigation in the business forms industry, lunches, plant tours, advertising specialties, and printed promotional material were evaluated as selling aids. Plant tours and lunches were found to be especially effective in turning prospects into customers.     

Transferring technology and expertise from universities to industry: Britain's Teaching Company Scheme

Teaching Company Scheme programmes involve employing graduates known as Teaching Company Associates in companies on projects which are jointly supervised by academics and company staff. This article presents findings of a study of the effectiveness of these programmes in transferring university expertise in science, technology and management, to industry.     

新时期企业统计功能浅谈

在新的历史时期,统计功能已不仅仅局限于传统意义上的为计划服务,为上级服务了,而应该做到准确定位,多方向服务,使统计信息更具科学性,统计功能更具社会性.     

Product competence exploitation and exploration strategies: The impact on new product performance through quality and innovativeness

The ability to manage existing assets and capabilities (exploitation) and the development of new capabilities (exploration) are arguably among the most relevant new product success factors. However, while exploitation-related capabilities are based on certainties regarding the efficiency of a company, exploration-related capabilities require the analysis of new technologies and processes. In existing literature, there is a gap concerning the trade-off between the exploitation and exploration of competences. Based on the theoretical background of Resource Based Theory, Dynamic Capabilities Theory and Discovery and Creation Theory, a model is proposed to analyze this gap. In this study, which examines 197 manufacturing organizations, we build on the dualities of the two types of competences and their impact on speed-to-market and market performance. The findings indicate that the choice between exploitation and exploration depends on the goals of new product development. While exploitation increases product objective quality, exploration enhances product innovativeness to the firm. Furthermore, we found that both exploitation and exploration constitute important success factors when it comes to launching new products. Finally, moderate effects of competitive intensity and market turbulence are also examined. High levels of market turbulence improve the results of exploitation, while low levels of competitiveness may encourage exploration.     

CEO duality and firm performance: A contingency model

Several studies have addressed the CEO duality-performance relationship, with inconsistent results. This paper proposes that these inconsistencies can be resolved by integrating agency and stewardship perspectives on duality. Using data from 192 firms in 12 industries, both the direction and magnitude of the duality-performance relationship was found to vary systematically across Dess and Beard's (1984) environmental dimensions. These results provide partial support for both agency and stewardship perspectives.     

Outbound open innovation and its effect on firm performance: examining environmental influences

Firms may open up their innovation processes on two dimensions. While inbound open innovation refers to the acquisition of external technology in open exploration processes, outbound open innovation describes the outward transfer of technology in open exploitation processes. Prior open innovation research has focused on the inbound dimension, whereas the outbound dimension has been relatively neglected. Therefore, this article addresses the relationship between outbound open R&D strategies and firm performance. We use data from 136 industrial firms to test four hypotheses on the moderating effects of environmental factors in the relationship between open innovation strategies and firm performance. The results show that the degree of technological turbulence, the transaction rate in technology markets, and the competitive intensity in technology markets strengthen the positive effects of outbound open innovation on firm performance. By contrast, the degree of patent protection does not facilitate successful open innovation. The results are crucially important to managers because they show under what environmental conditions open innovation strategies enhance performance.     

哈萨克斯坦新《转移价格法》对外国石油公司的影响

2009年1月1日,哈萨克斯坦共和国新《转移价格法》正式颁布实施。哈政府制定《转移价格法》的主要目的在于监控关联公司的交易活动。新《转移价格法》补充了有关监控以及与转移价格相关的其他交易的内容。另外,新《转移价格法》取消了“避税港”公司计算支出的权利,增加并细化了《转移价格法》的法内条款,补充了“利润比较法”,以及与哈萨克斯坦税务机关签署使用转移价格协议的条款等内容。包括中资石油公司在内的在哈外国石油公司所开展的投资、采购、勘探开发、原油销售等业务基本都属国际业务的范畴,新《转移价格法》实施后,哈萨克斯坦税务机关将会对这些公司的贷款合同、采购合同、服务合同及原油销售合同等可能涉及转移定价的行为进行监督和检查,因此这些公司面临一定的财税风险;同时也对今后签署涉及国际业务的合同提出了更多新的要求。     

The NGA and the impact of new technology

In the past the NGA dominated the communications world of paper and ink. This domination is being undermined by the micro-processor revolution which is creating an alternative communications world based on electronic devices and in which the NGA presently has little influence. Here the author analyses the strategies and policies adopted by the NGA to retain its influence in the 'shrinking'communications world of paper and to gain some influence in the new communications.