共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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This paper provides further empirical evidence of the validity of environmental benefits transfer based on CV studies by expanding the analysis to include control factors which have not been accounted for in previous studies. These factors refer to differences in respondent attitudes. Traditional population characteristics were taken into account, but these variables do not explain why respondents from the same socio-economic group may still hold different beliefs, norms or values and hence have different attitudes and consequently state different WTP amounts. The test results are mixed. The function transfer approach is valid in one case, but is rejected in the 3 other cases investigated in this paper. We provide further evidence that in the case of statistically valid benefits transfer, the function approach results in a more robust benefits transfer than the unit value approach. We also show that the equality of coefficient estimates is a necessary, but insufficient condition for valid benefit function transfer and discuss the implications for previous and future validity testing. 相似文献
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使用清洁能源进行供暖,对关中地区治污减霾、改善能源结构具有积极的意义,但关于关中地区清洁能源供暖经济效益的研究鲜有报道。根据关中地区的供暖需求,论文制定了煤改电、煤改气和浅层地热能三种清洁能源供暖方案,构建了办公建筑、商业建筑和居住建筑三类典型模型,计算了这三类模型使用煤改电、煤改气和浅层地热能方案的投资、成本、净现值、内部收益率及投资回收期。浅层地热能方案净现值最大,盈利总量最大,其次为煤改电方案,最后为煤改气方案。煤改电方案内部收益率最高,煤改气方案最低,但对比差额投资内部收益率,浅层地热能供暖方案优于煤改电方案,煤改电方案优于煤改气方案。根据模型参数,评价了不同方案的污染物排放量和节能性,浅层地热能方案节能性最优,煤改电次之,煤改气较差。论文旨在为推动陕西省清洁能源事业的科学、有序发展提供理论依据。 相似文献
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区域经济增长中的环境压力与环境响应的动态效应分析——基于脉冲响应函数的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《生态经济(学术版)》2015,(8)
区域经济增长带来的环境压力与环境响应存在长期的均衡关系。文章首先采用熵权法对区域多指标环境压力及环境响应进行综合评价,并给出其综合值。其次,应用脉冲响应函数对区域环境压力及环境响应的动态关系进行研究。最后基于湖北省1987~2010年的经验数据,研究其环境压力与环境响应之间的动态关系。结果表明,湖北省经济发展中的环境压力同环境响应之间存在长期均衡的关系,且在应对其经济增长带来环境压力的环境响应中,环境保护投资的响应效应最明显,技术进步其次,结构调整的效应最弱。 相似文献
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A. Myrick Freeman III 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2006,34(3):347-363
This paper provides an overview of some of the issues involved in comparing benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis based on quality-adjusted life-years as alternative approaches to assessing environmental policies that affect human health. It concludes that: (i) although QALYs have the advantage of reflecting policy impacts on both health status and longevity in a single scalar measure, they are not consistent with utility theory unless individuals’ preferences satisfy some restrictive conditions; (ii) they do not capture other important aspects of the valuation of changes in mortality and morbidity; (iii) cost-effectiveness analysis based on QALYs as a measure of effectiveness omits non-health related effects of environmental policy; and (iv) it leaves unanswered the important question of what level of environmental regulation is appropriate. 相似文献
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Frank P. Larkins 《The Australian economic review》2001,34(4):403-414
The investment in Australian bachelor and research degrees results in significant economic benefits for the individual and for society. 相似文献
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Jean-Sauveur Ay Raja Chakir Stephan Marette 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2017,68(4):997-1019
This paper investigates how the residents of a French wine-producing region value the attributes of wine. We elicit the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for organic/non-organic and local/non-local wines with increasing levels of information on the impact of agricultural practices at both global and local scales. The analysis shows that there is a significant organic premium associated with both local and non-local wines. This organic premium significantly increases with information and significantly decreases with the distance between the consumer’s home and the vineyard. Based on the econometric predictions of the WTP, we show that a per-unit tax on non-organic wines or a standard imposing organic practices increases welfare through the internalization of the attributes revealed by the experiment. 相似文献
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This paper analyses the effects of an environmental fiscal reform where the environmental tax revenue is used to reduce the tax burden on labor in order to increase employment. The study tries to assess the benefits generated by this type of reform in an integrated Europe where different degrees of tax harmonization can be achieved. The differential impact of cooperative fiscal reforms versus noncooperative ones is quantified through the use of a newly developed general equilibrium model. The results suggest that only a high degree of harmonization, in which both revenue and expenditure policies are coordinated, can provide significant environmental and employment benefits. 相似文献
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本文从环境税的理论基础入手,回顾了环境税经济效应分析的几个有代表性的基本观点,认真分析了环境税经济效应传统分析中存在的局限性,并在此基础上将"经济结构优化效应"和"国际贸易受益效应"引入到环境税经济效应分析当中,大大拓宽了环境税经济效应分析的研究视角,最后在环境税经济效应创新性分析的基础上提出了相应的环境税政策启示。 相似文献
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利用1992-2008年中国31个省级面板数据,检验了环境规制竞争对生产率增长及其构成的影响。结果发现,SO2减排对生产率增长及其构成有正向影响,说明SO2的减排竞争将会促进经济增长效率的提高。相反,工业COD减排对生产率增长及其构成存在不利的作用。这种不利影响不是由省际间环境规制竞争引起,而是由废水治理策略不当造成的。这些研究结果似乎表明,环境规制竞争并非是发展地方经济的"良策"。 相似文献
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Andrés Gómez-Lobo Julio Peña-Torres Patricio Barría 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(4):651-678
In 2001 an individual (operationally transferable) quota system was introduced for all the most important industrial fisheries
in Chile. This system was put in place after years of declining stocks and over investment. In this paper we describe this
reform and estimate related allocative efficiency benefits for the most important industrial fishery in the country, the southern
pelagic fishery. Benefits were estimated using a bioeconomic model estimated using data for the 1985–2004 period. The estimated
model was then used to generate simulated scenarios of the evolution of this fishery in a 20 year horizon with and without
the ITQ system in place. The benefits of the reform can then be estimated by comparing the fishery’s costs in the scenarios
with and without ITQs. This approach allows benefits to be estimated using more realistic counterfactual scenarios than just
comparing the fishery before and after the reform. Estimated discounted net benefits reach US $166 million in the period 2001–2020.
Fleet size fell from 149 active boats in 2000 to 57 in 2004 as a direct consequence of the reform. Among the interesting features
of the Chilean experience is the way the political economy of the reform was facilitated by the prior introduction of de facto
individual quotas within the framework of fishery experimental activities. When the authorities closed the southern pelagic
fishery because of biological problems between 1997 and 2000, they organized ‘experimental’ fishing expeditions in which participant
boats were given the right to fish a certain amount of resources per expedition. This pseudo quota system allowed fishermen
to experience directly the benefits of individual quotas and that was instrumental to the political agreement leading to the
reform. It is important to note that the Chilean southern industrial pelagic fishery has average catches of over 1.4 million
tons a year, making it one of the largest fisheries in the world to be regulated by individual quotas. 相似文献
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