如何利用信保融资

中小企业可以利用信用保险项下的融资解决其融资难的问题,对于企业而言,在通过信用保险获得融资的同时还将从若干方面受益,请看中国信保专业人士的分析     

Alternative approaches to the theory of the banking firm

During the past decade, the importance of a sound microeconomic foundation for aggregate economic analysis has been increasingly emphasized. In this context, a satisfactory theory of bank behaviour appears as an indispensable prerequisite for a clear understanding of the workings of the financial sector of the economy. This has led to the development of a substantial literature attempting to model and explain the behaviour of banking firms. This paper presents a survey and discussion of the various approaches which can be found in this literature. A special effort is made to present an integrated view of the real resource and financial aspect: of banking activities.     

中国微小企业融资进展与前景

受银行贷款风险、成本和收益等因素制约,中小企业融资问题一直是世界性难题,规模更小的微小企业融资难更不待言。本文作者从全球视角对微小企业的界定、中国在微小企业融资方面所取得的进展和国际上成功的经验进行阐述,并展望了中国微小企业融资问题的解决前景,这对于商业银行开展中小、微小企业贷款定有裨益。     

Aspects of insurance,intermediation and finance

This paper is concerned with the role of the insurance company as a financial intermediary which offers securities to uninformed retail investors. The search costs of retail investors cause the demand for the securities offered by intermediaries to be inelastic, making possible an intermediary spread, the difference between the returns on primary securities and the rates offered on the secondary securities sold by intermediaries. It is argued that the intermediary spread is economically significant, and a simple model of its determination is offered: the spread is shown to be an increasing function of interest rates. The bonus policy of life insurance companies is analyzed and is shown to be inefficient under simple assumptions about asset returns.     

Banking in the theory of finance

Banks are financial intermediaries that issue deposits and use the proceeds to purchase securities. This paper argues that when banking is competitive, these portfolio management activities in principle fall under the Modigliani-Miller theorem on the irrelevance of pure financing decisions. It follows that there is no need to control the deposit creation or security purchasing activities of banks to obtain a stable general equilibrium with respect to prices and real activity. In practice, however, banks are forcibly involved in the process by which a pure nominal commodity or unit of account is made to play the role of numeraire in a monetary system. The paper examines the nature of such a nominal commodity and how, through reserve requirements, banks get involved in making it a real economic good.     

Corporate finance theory: Introduction to special issue

Theoretical research in corporate finance is critical for our understanding of real-world phenomena, for interpreting empirical results, and for deriving policy implications. We discuss the benefits and limitations of research in corporate finance theory and link them to the nine articles in this special issue on “Corporate Finance Theory.” We provide a perspective on the nine articles in this special issue, and outline our perception of how future research may evolve. We also review several themes that emerge out of the articles, which we think deserve more attention from theorists going forward: interactions between financial markets and corporate finance and dynamic models of corporate decisions, such as capital structure and managerial compensation.     

Alternative approaches to the theory of the banking firm: A note

In his survey and discussion of alternative approaches to the theory of the banking firm, E. Baltensperger claims that M. Klein's result of independence of a bank's optimal asset choice from optimal liability choice is clearly the consequence of the very special assumption that the density function of deposit outflows is independent of deposit composition. This paper examines the conditions under which Klein's result holds, even when the stochastic reserve flows depend on deposit composition. It shows that the independence of commercial loan portfolio size on deposit composition follows from monopolistic competition in the commercial loans market, rather than from the very special assumption which Baltensperger denounces.     

Capital structure and firm performance: A new approach to testing agency theory and an application to the banking industry

Corporate governance theory predicts that leverage affects agency costs and thereby influences firm performance. We propose a new approach to test this theory using profit efficiency, or how close a firm’s profits are to the benchmark of a best-practice firm facing the same exogenous conditions. We are also the first to employ a simultaneous-equations model that accounts for reverse causality from performance to capital structure. We find that data on the US banking industry are consistent with the theory, and the results are statistically significant, economically significant, and robust.     

灾难备份:金融服务的保险措施

随着我国金融业数据大集中的实现，银行数据中心的技术风险也相对集中。整个业务处理由一个集中的数据处理系统完成，也就是说，所有的鸡蛋都放在了一个篮子里。以国内某大型商业银行为例，我们来看一下数据中心这个篮子在处理什么问题：ABIS核心交易系统每天受理近3万个网点的3000万笔业务；网银系统每天受理近70万笔交易；银行卡交换系统每天受理近90万笔交易。一旦数据中心发生灾难，将导致所有分支机构、营业网点的全部业务处理停顿，甚至造成客户重要数据丢失，其后果不堪设想：     

Circuit theory of banking and finance

Drawing on monetary circuit theory, this study develops an approach to analyze the integrated functions of banking and finance in a monetary production economy. The study proposes a micro-founded, circuit-sequenced model of a decentralized-decisions economy, where production, exchange, and investment from households and firms are integrated through money creation and funds allocation operated, respectively, by banks and non-bank financial intermediaries. The model is used to draw implications on: the special nature of banks and the role of non-bank financial intermediaries; the relationship between saving and investment; and the channels through which finance may cause the circuit process to break down. The study also discusses how the circuit approach can be used for an integrated analysis of economic and financial structural change.     

From ruin theory to solvency in non-life insurance

We start from ruin theory considerations in the classical Cramér–Lundberg model. We modify these considerations step by step so that finally we arrive at today’s solvency assessments for non-life insurance companies. These modifications include discussions about time horizons, risk measures, financial returns, and valuation of insurance liabilities.     

Decentralization of the firm: theory and evidence

Value maximization requires either that knowledge is transferred to those with the right to make decisions, or that decision rights are transferred to those who have the knowledge. A tradeoff of knowledge transfer costs and control costs is required. Characteristics of firms' investment opportunity sets (IOSs) that affect knowledge transfer costs and control costs are identified. Testable predictions about the relations between these characteristics and firms' decentralization decisions are developed and tested. The evidence presented is consistent with our predictions and is robust to different ways of measuring variables.     

A behavioural theory of the fund management firm

The paper outlines a behavioural theory of the fund manager (FM) firm comprising investment decisions (at stock and portfolio levels) by teams and individuals, and of an organisation process and contextual resource factors affecting decisions. FM organisational processes interacted with resources to enhance investment team decision conditions, costs and processes. Enhanced conditions and reduced decision costs were expected to improve the chances of FM success via new information production and better-quality decisions. These dynamic elements to FM firms can be interpreted as tentative organisational means to deal with major problems of behaviour, uncertainty and information asymmetry at the heart of the valuation, investment and performance problems facing FMs. Field research was conducted in 15 FM firms during 2004–2011. A grounded theory approach was employed in processing the data. This led to improvements in empirical understanding of behaviour within FM firms and markets. The results were discussed relative to relevant literature and previous grounded theory. This created a new conceptual tool to investigate FM underperformance and variety in FM styles. The paper demonstrated an empirically rich model of hierarchy, information production, capital allocation and other resource usage in financial institutions and discussed how this created further opportunities for research.     

理财险管理系统的设计及其功能

长期以来,理财险业务都是国内保险公司的主要经营业务之一,尤其是伴随着资本市场的繁荣,以分红险为代表的理财险业务取得了快速发展。为给客户提供全方位的保险产品,深入开发公司的客户资源,增加公司的资产规模,2007年2月,中国大地保险设计开发了＂安心居家＂理财险的管理系统及其功能。     

Ecological finance theory: New foundations

This paper puts forth Ecological Finance Theory as a new vision for 21st century financial economics. We first motivate this project by referring to the current global bio-geophysical context. We then introduce new meta-theoretical hypotheses, which we compare with those of the previous paradigm. We then borrow concepts of resilience, diversity, self-thinning, self-regulated mitosis, and ecological transparency from biology and introduce them in the field of financial economics. Finally, we analyze the impact of an increase in ecological transparency on resilience and diversity by developing a new stock-flow consistent model with mitotic control. The present paper is hence an invitation to reorient financial theory in line with the Anthropocene context.     

Form, function, and finance: architecture and finance theory

At least at first glance, a bank’s customers ought to be concerned with only one thing—the price they must pay for the services they receive. Architecture beyond the merely functional ought to have no role, especially not in the modern global economy in which increasingly automated financial intermediation of all sorts appears to be approaching the ideals of pure competition and perfect efficiency. Even in these financially sophisticated times, however, symbols matter, and the message communicated by these symbols is one which cannot be communicated in any other way. It is necessary for a financial institution, and perhaps even the financial system itself, to have a strong visual presence. There is a visceral appeal of an architecturally distinguished building to the senses that speaks to us in a way that the cerebral appeal of pure information cannot.     

降低出口金融成本的关键在哪儿

我们有必要了解外贸出口的市场环境和外贸体制现状,我们有必要了解影响出口成本的多方面的因素,既要了解退税方面的因素,也要了解汇率方面的影响;既要了解信贷资金方面的利息问题,也要了解银行经营体制对资金供应的成本影响;既要了解信用保险渗透率仍然过低的严峻事实,也要了解运输险在成本影响中的微不足道;既要了解中国的现状,更要了解国际上发达国家和地区可以借鉴的做法。只要我们统盘考虑,客观判断,综合治理,多方缓解才能根本解决