CEO的调节定向对公司收购行为影响

个体为达到特定目标会努力改变或控制自己的思想、反应,这一过程被称为自我调节。调节定向理论区分了两种不同的自我调节方式或倾向——促进定向(promotion focus)和预防定向(prevention focus)。不同调节定向产生不同的心理结果。CEO的研究节定向的方式会影响公司的战略决策。CEO的调节定向方式对无论是公司收购的价值还是公司收购的数量都有影响,并且发现股权期权授予对他们之间的联系有削弱的作用。     

老字号品牌创新性感知对消费者购买意愿的影响 ——基于调节定向理论的调节作用

本文以中华老字号品牌为研究对象,从消费者感知的视角出发,基于认知流畅性,将消费者感知品牌创新性引入老字号领域,通过情景模拟实验,基于调节定向的调节作用构建"老字号品牌创新性感知——认知流畅性——购买意愿"的理论模型.研究表明:1.不同个体的调节定向与老字号品牌创新性感知形成的交互效应会作用于消费者的购买意愿,即消费者能...     

直播购物模式下消费者享乐品和实用品购买行为研究——基于调节定向理论

随着网络直播的兴起,直播购物模式下的消费者行为研究成为热点课题。本文基于调节定向理论,研究了网络直播购物特征对消费者购买享乐产品与实用产品的影响机理。实证研究表明:网络直播购物特征能够激发消费的情景式调节定向反应,其中娱乐性和优惠性特征促进消费者对享乐产品的购买;真实性和可视性促进消费者对实用产品的购买;易用性和互动性对两种产品的购买都有促进作用。基于研究结果,本文建议主播和商家在直播购物中根据售卖产品的属性突出直播内容特点,对增强消费者购买意愿具有重要意义。     

基于调节定向理论的网络口碑影响研究

网络口碑内容是影响口碑效果的重要因素,但关于网络口碑正负性和质量的作用,现有研究还存在一些争议。本文以调节定向理论为基础通过实验研究网络口碑的说服效果,结果发现网络口碑说服效果受到调节定向类型的影响,负向或低质量评论对预防定向个体的说服效果更优,正向或高质量的评论对促进定向个体的说服效果更优。     

调节匹配和产品卷入度对广告说服的影响

本研究探讨了产品卷入度和调节匹配理论在广告说服中的作用,实验采用2(匹配度:调节匹配、调节不匹配)×2(产品卷入度:高、低)组间设计。因变量为《广告说服力量表》。结果表明,匹配度的主效应显著;产品卷入度主效应显著;匹配度和产品卷入度的交互作用显著;进一步简单效应分析发现,只有在低产品卷入度条件下,调节匹配组和调节不匹配组之间的差异显著。这表明,产品卷入度对广告说服中调节匹配效应具有一定的调节作用。     

调节定向在品牌忠诚动态形成过程中的作用

现有基于消费者—品牌关系对品牌忠诚影响因素的实证研究发现,品牌信任和品牌情感是品牌忠诚的决定因素。尽管很多学者认为应该从动态的视角认识忠诚的概念,却没有随着时间推移来研究消费者品牌忠诚的发展过程的文献。为了弥补现有营销文献中这一理论的不足,文章提供了一个关于品牌情感和品牌信任同时影响品牌忠诚形成过程的动态研究。通过一个纵向情境模拟实验研究发现随着时间的推移,品牌信任和品牌情感在品牌忠诚的形成过程中作用在不断变化,并且消费者自我调节定向与品牌信任或品牌情感的的匹配会增强其在品牌忠诚形成过程中的作用。     

促销描述对消费者选择的折中效应影响研究

为了探究是否可通过调节定向来设计促销描述信息,以达到影响消费者选择的目的,以学生为实验对象搜集数据,并运用SPSS统计方法对假设进行检验。研究表明,促销描述会减弱消费者选择的折中效应甚至使折中效应消失;当消费者处于促进定向(防御定向)时,获得型(减少损失型)促销描述与之形成了调节匹配,结果是弱化消费者选择的折中效应。     

上市公司定向增发公告效应的研究

自股权分置改革以来,我国上市公司定向增发因其门槛低、无需盈利要求、实施较为简单等特点,逐渐成为我国资本市场主流的资本运作方式。本文对2012年A股主板上市公司的定向增发短期公告效应进行了研究。研究发现定向增发公告存在正的宣告效应,且定向增发信息在公告日之前就被提前泄露。     

When Less is More: Consumers Prefer Brands that Donate More in Relative versus Absolute Terms

Marketing Letters - When trying to make a good impression on consumers through charitable giving, is it better for brands to maximize the overall dollars they donate or how much they give in...     

When Do Online Consumers Shop in an Offline Store: The Moderating Effects of Product Characteristics

This study serves as an initial attempt to demonstrate empirically how online consumers react to the offline channel extensions (i.e., opening physical stores) of e-tailers. Specifically, we examine how the attributes of offline channels influence consumer intentions to switch to offline channels and how they also lead to incremental demands on online channels. We investigate how these effects vary across highly complex utilitarian and hedonic products. The results of the study indicate that although store openings encourage online consumers to shop there when purchasing highly complex utilitarian products, the addition of offline stores results counterintuitively in incremental patronage of the online channels when consumers shop for highly complex hedonic products. This study validates the guiding role of product characteristics in designing offline channels for e-tailers and suggests that incorporating product type and complexity into the design is likely to contribute to the development of stores tailored to specific consumer segments.     

A Comparison of Consumers and Dieticians: Nutrition Focus,Food Choice,and Mental Accounting

Nutrition labels on processed foods are becoming more common throughout the world. How do experts and consumers compare at using this information? This study compares three different conceptualizations of expertise—a body of knowledge, better processing skills, and a greater facility for mental accounting. A survey was used to compare 237 consumers over age 40 with 131 dieticians. We examined the focuses, choices, and mental accounting of food selections. The results demonstrate similar focuses, food choices, predictability, and mental accounting by both groups on all three conceptualizations of expertise. This suggests that nutrition labels benefit both consumers and experts.     

An Analysis of Assortment Choice in Grocery Retailing

Consumers in grocery retailing commonly buy bundles of products to accommodate current and future consumption. When all products in a particular bundle share common attributes (and are selected from the same product category), the consumer is said to assemble an assortment. This research examines the impact of assortment variety on the assortment choice process. In particular, we test the prediction that consumers demand less variety for higher quality items. To investigate this relationship, we employ a flexible choice model, suitable for the analysis of assortment choice. The model, based upon the assumption that the utility of purchase of one item in an assortment depends upon the set of items already selected, allows for a general utility structure across the assortment items. We apply the model to household assortment choice histories from the yogurt product category. Substantively, we show that yogurt choice is affected by brand quality perceptions (quality-tier competition). Moreover, we show that reaction to reductions in variety (number of yogurt flavors) is mediated by brand quality perceptions. Taken together, these empirical facts paint a picture of a consumer who is willing to trade-off variety against product quality in assortment choice.     

Why Consumers in Developing Countries Prefer Foreign Brands: A Study of Japanese Brands in Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Building on social-identity theory, the research develops a model for understanding of the impact of consumer identification with a nation on consumers' brand evaluations. It posits that developing-country consumers' identification with a foreign (developed) nation influences three factors—consumer-based brand equity, consumer-based country image, and consumer-based brand credibility. The research was informed by data from 400 Vietnamese consumers in relation to two Japanese brands Sony and Honda and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that Vietnamese (developing-country) consumers prefer Japanese (developed-country) brands over domestic brands, when these consumers identify with the developed nation.     

Shopping Benefits of Multichannel Assortment Integration and the Moderating Role of Retailer Type

To what extent should multichannel retailers integrate assortments across channels? Previous literature controversially discusses the question of which integration strategy is most successful but arguments are only conceptual, and no empirical assessment exists. This article presents a framework that (a) shows how customers’ perceived shopping benefits of variety, convenience, and reduced risk mediate the impact of multichannel assortment integration (full, asymmetrical, no) on patronage intentions and (b) differentiates the impact for retailer types based on substitutive, complementary, and independent assortment relations. Two large-scale experimental studies empirically investigate whether a dominant integration strategy exists in the context of full and simultaneous information (Study 1) and more uncertain and subsequent information accessibility (Study 2). We consistently find that full integration dominates no integration across assortment relations, but asymmetrical integration—the strategy that is most often realized by multichannel retailers—can have a detrimental impact for substitutive relations compared with no integration. Asymmetrical integration can be more beneficial than full integration for independent relations, while customer outcomes differ less for complementary relations. Researchers and managers can use our findings to understand how shopping benefits of variety, convenience, and reduced risk explain the different customer outcomes of multichannel assortment integration, depending on retailer type.     

An Examination of Sales Promotion Programs in Hong Kong: What the Retailers Offer and What the Consumers Prefer

This study gives an insight into the retailer's capability of managing sales promotion by examining the sales promotion programs offered by Hong Kong cosmetic and toiletry retailers and the consumers’ preferences. The results indicate that instant-reward programs are popular among retailers and preferred by consumers. The results also show that the preferences for sales promotion programs are dependent upon consumers’ demographic and sociocultural characteristics. Implications for advertisers designing and communicating sales promotions are offered.     

体验营销:更贴近顾客的营销方式

我们经常会看到这样的现象,在购买服装时,如果一家服装店不能让顾客试穿的话,有很多顾客就会马上离开;购买品牌电脑时如果消费不能亲自试试性能感觉一下质量,大多数消费就会对其质量表示怀疑;购买手机时如果销售人员不太愿意让顾客试验效果,顾客马上就会扬长而去……     

EC Competition Law After Modernisation: More than Ever in the Interest of Consumers

In this paper it is argued that even though the consumer cannot (anymore) be reduced to a homo oeconomicus, competition law is the cornerstone of consumer law and that the decentralised application of EC competition law since 1 May 2004 (pursuant to Regulation 1/2003) gives new opportunities for an effective application of the EC competition rules to the benefit of consumers. While the EC Treaty (and the future Constitution for Europe) aim to protect consumers in the framework of the internal market programme, as well as on the basis of a genuine consumer protection policy, it is submitted that an effective competition policy remains crucial for consumers in a market economy. Consumer interests are generally diffuse and therefore difficult to protect via legal procedures. Nevertheless a further development of remedies which are already available in Community law (nullity of restrictive agreements, claims for damages, actions for a cease and desist order, and so on) will contribute to an increased application of the competition rules in the interest of consumers.     

Consumers and Biotechnology: A Synopsis of Survey and Focus Group Research

The Office of Consumer Affairs of Industry Canada, in conjunction with other federal departments, has undertaken preliminary work to identify concerns and highlight consumer issues with respect to biotechnology and its applications. This has included conducting a number of surveys and focus groups to identify what consumers know about biotechnology; where there are information gaps; and how information impacts upon consumers' purchasing decisions.This paper is structured into five sections. First, it provides an overview of some background information on biotechnology. The second section summarises consumers' knowledge of, and reactions to, biotechnology. Next, the paper highlights factors that influence consumers' attitudes towards biotechnology. The fourth section examines two ways of overcoming marketplace barriers contrasting increased consumer awareness with more traditional legislative mechanisms. The concluding section outlines questions that need to be answered in order to determine how the marketplace can best address issues related to biotechnological products.