负债融资对投资行为的影响及治理

融资与投资是企业财务管理活动的两项基本内容,两者联系紧密,同时是企业价值的决定因素.本文着重从负债的期限结构和类型结构两方面,通过理论验证和逻辑推导探讨了不同结构的负债对投资行为的影响.同时,本文也阐述了负债融资对非效率投资的治理作用,主要从股东-债权人冲突、股东-经理人冲突、大股东-中小股东冲突三种利益冲突的解决等方面进行探讨.最后,根据分析结果,本文对宏观经济和公司经营提出了一些建议.     

负债对过度投资的影响作用——基于上证A股上市公司的实证分析

本文以我国上证A股上市公司为研究对象,研究过度投资行为的存在性,以及负债对过度投资的影响作用,揭示在股东—债权人冲突和股东—经理冲突下负债对企业过度投资的影响.实证检验结果表明,我国上市公司中存在过度投资行为,过度投资程度与自由现金流呈正相关关系,负债与过度投资没有显著的相关关系.     

股权集中度、股权制衡与公司R&D投资——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文利用中国上市公司1999～2006年的R&D数据.对公司控股股东类型、股权集中度及股权制衡度与公司R&D投资之间的相关性进行了实证检验.结果发现.控股股东持股比例与公司R&D投资强度之间呈"N"型关系:对上市公司R&D投资强度的激励效应由强到弱的股权类型依次为:私有产权控股、中央直属国有企业控股、地方所属国有企业控股、国有资产管理机构控股.股权制衡对公司R&D投资强度的影响因控股股东性质不同和股权集中度的不同而不同.     

股权集中度、股权制衡与公司R＆D投资——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文利用中国上市公司1999～2006年的R＆D数据,对公司控股股东类型、股权集中度及股权制衡度与公司R＆D投资之间的相关性进行了实证检验。结果发现。控股股东持股比例与公司R＆D投资强度之间呈“N”型关系：对上市公司R＆D投资强度的激励效应由强到弱的股权类型依次为：私有产权控股、中央直属国有企业控股、地方所属国有企业控股、国有资产管理机构控股。股权制衡对公司R＆D投资强度的影响因控股股东性质不同和股权集中度的不同而不同。     

债务契约与企业投资行为——国内外文献综述

本文从三个角度,即股东一债权人利益冲突、第一类代理(股东/经理人冲突)和第二类代理(大股东/小股东)冲突,对国内外有关债务契约与企业投资行为的相关文献进行了梳理.通过对文献的整理,发现:在国外,债务契约对企业的投资行为既有正面影响又有负面影响,而国内的研究却显示债务契约并没有很好的约束企业的投资行为.发达国家资本市场之上的债务契约对企业投资行为的经验研究及理论基础是否适用于我国转型经济背景下企业的投资行为是未来我国债务契约研究的一个重要方向.     

探索大股东控制权对股权激励效果的影响

在我国社会经济稳定发展的时代背景下,上市公司股权结构高度集中以及国有股"一股独大"现象的普遍存在,都让原本单一的委托代理关系演变为两类委托代理关系,即股东与经理层之间的代理冲突以及中小股东与其代理人之间的代理冲突。针对这一情况,就需要从公司治理尤其是大股东控股权的影响进行分析研究,着重论述大股东控制权对股权激励效果的影响,从而为今后构建适宜的公司治理环境提供参考依据。     

关于公司治理的不完全信息博弈分析

文章运用博弈论分析方法,通过两个不完全信息静态博弈模型,分析了上市公司股东和高层管理者之间的博弈,说明在不同的监督和激励下,各个主体的选择行为及其相互作用机理,并指出可以采用加大企业内部监督力度等方法来完善公司治理.     

基于大股东控制下的公司治理问题研究综述

股权结构是公司治理问题的逻辑起点。长期以来,大量关于股权集中的研究表明,公司股权结构的常态之一就是股权集中,因此公司内部代理的冲突也随着产生变化。大股东的利益与中小股东的利益不一致将导致大股东掠夺小股东的"控股股东的代理问题",因此大股东控制下的公司治理问题集中表现在如何缓解控股股东和小股东之间的代理冲突。     

上市公司管理层股权激励市场反应探讨

通过对管理层进行股权激励以缓解股东与经营者之间的利益冲突,达到提高股东收益的目的已经成为国际上一种常用的手段.中国实务界和理论界自上世纪90年代就开始探讨并尝试对管理层进行股权激励,但由于<公司法>、<证券法>等法律法规的约束,一直没有真正实施.     

国有股比率的变动与民间投资者的选择

文章通过对上海证券交易所连续上市公司的面板财务数据进行分析,发现民间法人股比率与国有股比率总体上都能够对资本效率的代理变量托宾的q产生正面的影响,但是法人股比率超过50%的虚拟变量却是负值.文章认为是民间股东与国有股东之间不同的投资目标导致了股东之间的厉害冲突,进而影响到了企业的资本效率.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.