市场分割与企业纵向一体化

企业纵向一体化发展战略除了受产品类型、企业自身特征等因素影响外,还受政府特征的干预.本文选用2007-2015年上市公司数据,基于市场分割这一制度性政府行为的视角,探讨政府干预如何影响企业选择.我们发现地区间市场分割政策的实施能够促进企业选择纵向一体化发展战略,且这种效应在国有企业、异地子公司占比较小、地区竞争程度较为缓和的分组中更为显著.进一步地,我们发现市场分割下企业的资源优势使其在纵向扩张的同时也会选择横向发展,表现为地区市场分割越严重,当地企业尤其是国有企业的多元化程度也越高.本文为企业一体化影响因素提供了新的研究视角,也为政府干预下国有企业的盲目扩张提供了实证依据,既是粗放型经济增长模式在微观层面的反映,也从侧面反映出市场分割导致的资源错配给企业发展带来的阻碍,为我国在打破行业垄断和市场分割以及实现经济增长模式由要素驱动向创新驱动转变等方面的政策制定提供了经验证据.     

中国国内市场分割的非政府因素探析——流通的渠道、组织与统一市场构建

现有文献往往把中国地区市场分割的主要原因归结于地方保护主义。本文则试图说明,作为非政府因素的流通渠道及流通组织也会对统一市场构建带来影响。采用31省2000—2009年的面板数据,以“价格法”计算市场分割系数进行回归分析,结果说明流通企业规模的扩大反而有可能带来市场分割的加剧,并且这种关系主要体现在批发环节。流通改革形成了“分枝状”的渠道结构,且因为有助于制造商实现地区价格歧视等原因而在路径依赖中不断自我强化。划分经营区域的经销商不断发展,取消了批发流通组织自主实现商品跨地区流转的作用,并给生产商进入各地区建立销售渠道造成了阻碍。由此,统一市场的构建需要对流通领域给予充分关注。     

老年消费市场细分方法与模型

人口老龄化趋势将使21世纪成为一个“灰色的世纪”，老年消费市场孕育着巨大的商机与潜力，而研究者与营销者面对的首要挑战就在于如何有效钿分这一异质化的消费群体。本文详尽介绍和评述了老年消费市场细分的主要方法与模型，并首次提出了中国老年市场细分的概念模型，希望能为后续研究提供借鉴。     

Evaluating the Appropriateness of Market Segmentation Solutions Using Artificial Neural Networks and the Membership Clustering Criterion

The appropriateness of a given segmentation solution is a key consideration in all marketing segmentation studies. By appropriate, it is meant that not only has the optimal segmentation solution been identified, but also that the proper number of segments to market to has been correctly specified. This research focuses on the second, and more fundamental, issue of determining the appropriate number of segments in a marketplace. If the appropriate number of segments is over-specified, marketers may over-segment the market and treat audience segments separately that could effectively be treated inclusively. Conversely, if the appropriate number of segments is under-specified, marketers may under-segment the market and fail to identify distinct, viable segments that should be marketed to separately.The issue of market under- and over-segmentation may be addressed with the membership clustering criterion (MCC), an analytical technique based on fuzzy sets derived from artificial neural networks (mathematical models of animal nervous systems). Using artificial and real world data sets, we empirically test the MCC, compare it to existing methods for determining the number of segments in a market, and demonstrate its advantages in evaluating the appropriateness of marketing to different numbers of market segments.     

税收竞争与市场分割

财政分权背景下,财权、事权和财力的不匹配使得地方政府采取策略性行为是其作为理性决策人的应然选择,地方政府往往会基于经济增长和税收双重目标而利用税收工具开展税收竞争,进而造成市场分割等问题。考虑到空间依赖性的存在,本文采用动态空间杜宾模型来考察税收竞争与市场分割之间的关系。研究发现,"为税收而竞争"在地方政府间存在,而竞争导致的税负下降将加剧市场分割;从分税种来看,所得税对市场分割的直接效应显著负相关,但三大税种的空间溢出效应并不明显;从时空异质性上看,地方政府的策略性行为在时序和区域上有所差异;市场分割敏感程度在时序上动态调整,区域内协同效应有待增强。为避免地方政府税收竞争恶化、异化和宏观福利损失,需要重视由此导致的市场分割的治理,建立现代化财政体制,深化税收制度改革,打造服务型地方政府等,这些也都是构筑国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础性支撑。     

Business Market Segmentation Procedure for Product Planning

This paper demonstrates a market segmentation procedure that responds to the information needs associated with business product marketing. We outline several important criteria that such a procedure that addresses those criteria. We illustrate use of the procedure by applying it to the US information processing market with considerable success. We close with a discussion of the uses and limitation of the procedure and the need for further research.     

Awareness Advertising and International Market Segmentation

In recent years, multinational corporations have increasingly employed advertising in markets where their products are not available. Such ‘awareness advertising’ is only in small part for products that are likely to be introduced in those markets in the near future. A significant and larger part of awareness advertising is for products that are unlikely to be sold in the particular market because of government restrictions on commercial importation and sale. In this paper, we will analyse the motivation behind the use of awareness advertising, the benefits that multinational firms may receive from such advertising and its implications for international market segmentation. The paper concludes with a discussion of areas for fruitful future research on awareness advertising.     

劳动力市场分割的自增强机制研究

借鉴经济学中的自增强机制理论,本文从历史变迁的视角对劳动力市场分割的形成、发展和趋势进行研究,认为我国劳动力市场分割存在一个局部正反馈的自增强循环系统。我国劳动力市场分割导致劳动密集型产业快速发展,而劳动密集型产业的快速发展导致我国人力资本收益的减小和人力资本投资量的不足,从而进一步加剧劳动力市场分割程度。因此,退出这个循环是缓解我国劳动力市场分割程度的关键。     

市场细分理论的新发展

市场细分理论被广泛地运用于指导企业的市场营销活动,在加强企业市场竞争力方面起到了重要作用。随着市场营销实践的发展,市场细分理论逐渐向两个极端发展,形成了超市场细分理论和反市场细分理论。文章认为,既不能简单地否定超市场细分理论,也不能简单地否定反市场细分理论,两者在实践中各有不同的适用时期和范围,只有充分把握,才能正确地指导企业的营销活动。     

市场细分的五点不足

<正>以满足不同顾客需求为导向的差异化营销战略的出现与广泛应用,是买方市场条件下厂商竞争不断加剧的结果,也是市场环境发展到一定阶段的产物。随着后工业化时代的到来,企业营销战略目标正在从创造销售量向创造忠诚的顾客转变,同时,差异化营销也进入了更高的     

区域旅游市场细分及营销策略研究——以长沙市为例

以长沙为例将区域旅游市场分为国内和境外两大市场,国内旅游市场又分为基础、重要和辅助旅游市场。境外旅游市场又分为基础、主要、重要和潜力市场。为此,长沙市旅游业发展,应针对不同区域市场的特点,实施政府主导总体把握,整合资源推出品牌,区域联合优势互补等营销策略,努力提高区域旅游市场营销的针对性和有效性。     

广州经济型酒店现状及市场细分研究

本文首先分析了广州经济型酒店的现状及其特征,在此基础上结合市场细分的相关理论,对广州经济型酒店市场进行市场细分,并从市场细分、差异化经营以及网络营销三个方面对广州品牌经济型酒店的发展提出相关建议。     

市场细分标准的分类与选取

<正>一、市场细分概述市场细分的一般概念最早于1956年由美国市场学家温德尔·斯密(Wendell.Smith)提出来。所谓市场细分就是指按照消费者欲望与需求的差异性把一个总体市场划分成若干个具有共同特征的子市场的过程。有效市场细分准则的要求与市场细分的目的紧密相关,是差异化营销对市场细     

市场细分的灰色系统模型

将灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度分析模型和灰色关联度序聚类模型运用于对市场的量化分析，为科学地．准确地进行市场细分和市场研究提供一种行之有效的方法。目前通常使用的市场细分方法都是选用一个或多个因素对市场作单一的或综合的定性细分，这种方式不能精确地描述市场间的差异。唯有综合运用定性和定量分析方法才能对市场做出真实量化的反映。     

因子分析法寻求物流企业市场细分变量的研究

物流企业选择合适的细分变量对准确细分市场以及制定营销策略有着非常重要的作用。本文利用因子分析法,从众多的可用细分变量中寻找出具有代表性的物流企业市场细分变量,为物流企业的市场营销管理提供参考。     

Market Integration and Technological Change

This paper studies the incentives of firms to introduce new technologies in markets where network effects are sensitive to the identity of the adopter. We model this sensitivity by considering a market in which consumers are located in two economies and network effects across economies are weaker than intra-economy network effects. The strength of cross economy network effects is measured by the degree of market integration. We show that the incentives for technological change are decreasing with respect to the degree of integration and that they are in excess of what is socially desirable. We also show that different generation technologies can coexist only if the market is poorly integrated and that this coexistence is characterized by a form of technological leap-frogging across economies.     

The Potential for Consumer Segmentation in the Finnish Housing Market

This article examines whether cluster analysis can be used to identify groups of Finnish residents with similar housing preferences. Because homebuilders in Finland have been providing relatively homogeneous products to an increasingly diverse population, current housing may not represent the occupiers' preferences so a segmentation approach relying on socioeconomic characteristics and expressed preferences may not be sufficient. We use data collected via questionnaire in a principal component analysis followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis to determine whether different combinations of housing attributes are important to groups of residents. We can identify four clusters of housing residents based on important characteristics when looking for a house. The clusters describe Finnish people in different phases of the life cycle and with different preferences based on their recreational activities and financial expenditures. Mass customization of housing could be used to better appeal to these different clusters of consumers who share similar preferences, increasing consumer satisfaction and improving profitability.     

Market Segmentation for Fast-Food Restaurants in an Era of Health Conciousness

Abstract

Recent societal changes toward heightened interest in health and nutrition indicate consumers' health- and nutrition-related attitudes and behaviors may be important for segmenting the market for fast-food restaurants (FFR's). This research conducted a recent survey of 387 consumers to investigate the extent to which these variables, as well as demographics, predict patronage of FFR's. Findings indicate that consumers who do not patronize FFR's have the strongest involvement with health-related issues, while frequent patrons have the weakest involvement. Thus, marketers could use a combination of general health- and nutrition-related attitudes and behaviors to supplement demographic information when plotting their marketing strategy.