垂直差异化与电信运营商合谋分析

电信产业是典型的寡头垄断产业,有足够的市场事实可以证明电信运营商之间易出现合谋行为。本文引入垂直产品差异化变量,研究垂直差异化下电信运营商间合谋行为的机理。当电信运营商之间产品的垂直差异化水平达到一定程度时,运营商间维持合谋所需的贴现因子水平小于产品同质时的贴现因子水平,并且随着差异化程度的增加,维持合谋所需贴现因子水平逐渐降低,说明垂直产品差异化有利于合谋的实现和维持。但是,对于提供不同质量产品的运营商,维持合谋的激励程度不同,提供高质量产品的运营商更容易背叛合谋。     

Market Structures with Multi-product Firms: Welfare Analysis and Policy Implications

In the real world firms operate in more than one market and consequently can exploit scope economies and/or demand complementarities. Introducing multi-product firms in the picture makes the standard assumption that more competition is always beneficial for social welfare less clear-cut. In this paper we show that a concentrated structure can be socially preferable in the presence of scope economies, whereas a fragmented structure has to be preferred when products are close substitutes. We also identify either analytically or numerically the socially optimal market structure when aggregate output (and then consumer surplus) or total welfare are used as ranking criteria. The analysis is useful for discussing which market structure should be favored by policy makers aimed at introducing competition in sectors which were previously monopolized by state-owned firms. To that respect, our findings point out that not only the level (number of firms) but also the form (type of firms) of competition matters.     

外资并购的潜在问题及对策探讨

中国加入WTO以来,并购逐渐成为外商对华投资的一种新的趋势。外资并购在给我国带来资金技术、先进的管理经验的同时,也带来了一些隐患,如国有资产的流失、并购性失业、对外资的过分依赖等。对此,应该在提高外资并购政策的透明度和可操作性、发挥并购中介机构和并购人才的作用、加强并购过程的监管、完善劳动及社会保障法规等方面做出努力。     

第三方物流产品设计与营销策略

第三方物流企业为客户企业提供物流服务其实质是一种产品即服务产品。不同的第三方物流产品组合满足不同客户个性化、差异化的物流需求。第三方物流企业通过分析客户企业的物流需求来设计符合客户需要的第三方物流产品组合,提供专业性的物流服务,并进行有效的服务营销和关系营销来获取竞争优势。     

Improving New Product Quality: An Empirical Study of Product Development Teams in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

The role of team and organizational factors affecting new product quality and their interactions as moderating the effects are examined. Results from a domestic study suggest that new product quality is positively affected by information capability in the team and quality orientation in the firm; in contrast, it is negatively related to the innovativeness of the new product as seen by the firm and speed-to-market pressure in the team. However, teams' information capabilities alleviate the negative effect of innovativeness on quality. Quality orientation lessens the relationship between information capability and new product quality. Functional diversity and tenure diversity do not affect new product quality. In addition, managerial implications and directions for future research are proposed.     

垃圾焚烧产业的产品特征及其政策涵义

本文对垃圾焚烧产业的产品特征进行了深入的分析,认为:垃圾焚烧产业的基本功能是处理垃圾而不是发电;在存在公共区域和巨额监督成本的条件下,垃圾处理服务具有“非排他性”,因而应被纳入政府职能范围;成本性状和垃圾供给条件决定了垃圾焚烧产业具有“自然垄断”特征;我国推进垃圾焚烧产业发展的政策重点是建立合理的垃圾处理补贴的形成与支付制度。     

阿迪达斯并购锐步对我国体育用品业的影响分析

本文运用文献资料法、逻辑分析等方法对阿迪达斯公司并购锐步公司的行为从经济学的视角进行了细致的分析。以企业的市场非价格行为——并购为依据,认为阿迪并购锐步具有形成规模经济、减少经营风险、进一步增强竞争力等方面的动因,同时说明该事件的风险不确定性。分析探讨了该事件对我国体育用品业的冲击和挑战。     

The Effectiveness of Two Online Persuasion Claims: Limited Product Availability and Product Popularity

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two online persuasion claims: limited product availability (e.g., only 3 items left) and product popularity (e.g., 94% of consumers bought this product after viewing this site). The popularity claim appeared to enhance quality perception, particularly among highly risk-averse consumers, and purchase intention. We attribute these findings to the quality signaling effect and the bandwagon effect of the claim. On the other hand, the limited availability claim exerted no influence: low message credibility and the lack of psychological reactance are deemed to be possible reasons for the insignificant effect of the claim.     

论绿色产品定价应注意的几个问题

随着全球环境问题的日益突出,绿色营销观念逐渐被人们所认识和接受,绿色产品成为人们追求的一种消费时尚,因而生产绿色产品是企业今后求得发展的一种趋势。作为与传统产品不同的一种新型产品,绿色产品定价与一般产品定价既有相同之处,也存在不同的地方。绿色产品定价时还要注意环境成本与非成本因素对定价的影响。     

完全垄断市场下商品的质量与价格的比较

文章主要讨论的是企业专利后期产品质量的选择问题。文章分析表明,在给定企业原有产品品种质量不变的情况,如果企业再生产一种更高质量的产品,则企业可以增加其利润。但是,如果企业生产一种更低质量的产品,则并不能增加其利润。所以,如果企业多元化生产的是一种更低质量的产品,由于这不符合其利润最大化原则,所以它极有可能是为了垄断市场而进行的一种沉没成本投资,从而为其他厂商的进入设置进入壁垒。     

基于可持续发展的绿牌产品竞争策略

可持续发展观念使 2 1世纪的经济步入绿色经济时代 ,世界各国将可持续发展纳入一个共同研究的命题 ,发展绿色经济成为世界经济发展的一个必然趋势 ,是企业实现可持续发展的唯一途径。绿色经济时代的市场竞争与以往市场竞争不同 ,传统的名牌产品竞争策略将要被以质量为核心的绿牌产品竞争策略所替代 ,创造绿牌产品 ,确保企业在可持续发展环境下的竞争主导地位     

对蜂产品企业构建科学营销系统的研究

蜂产品营销从整体上说 ,隶属于保健品营销 ,但又有着自身的特点。因此 ,蜂产品的营销既要关注保健品营销 ,又要设计符合蜂产品行业特征和市场要求的营销系统。然而 ,目前蜂产品企业的营销在整体上还是初级和不完善的阶段 ,蜂产品企业要走出低效益的发展怪圈 ,就必须对营销系统进行再设计和重新整合企业的资源 ,由此促进蜂产企业构建科学系统的营销模式。     

Unpacking the Ethical Product

Acknowledging the increasing attention in the literature devoted to the incorporation of ethical considerations into consumers' purchase decisions, this paper explores the notion of an ethical product. It is argued that ethical issues have long been involved in consumers' product evaluations, but that there has been little academic investigation of ethics in terms of product concepts and theories. Ethics are thus examined in the context of the augmented product concept, and two dimensions of ethical augmentation are identified: direction and content. These dimensions are set out and discussed at some length, and then they are used to construct an ethical product matrix. It is shown how this could be used to provide structure and coherence to examinations of the perceived ethics of any given product offering. The implications of the analysis offered in the paper are discussed, and a number of limitations of the ethical product notion are identified. Finally some conclusions and directions for future research are suggested.     

Market-Oriented New Product Design of Functional Orange Juice Beverages: A Qualitative Approach

Abstract

The functional beverages category is considered one of the most significant drivers of new product development (NPD) in recent years. Fifteen in-depth interviews and three focus groups were held between February and March 2003 to identify the most important attributes influencing consumers' purchase decisions for orange juice, and to explore consumers' attitudes towards existing and new functional orange juice beverages. The results suggested that functional food and beverage manufacturers should place a greater emphasis on the base product when evaluating new product concepts. This study highlighted the key role of qualitative research in facilitating the integration of consumers with the concept stage of the NPD process.     

浅析产品缺陷——兼与产品瑕疵比较

产品缺陷是《产品质量法》中一个重要的法律概念,其实质是产品缺乏合理的安全性。其引起的损害赔偿责任为民事侵权责任,以对产品之外的人身或财产有损害为构成要件。承担责任的方式为民事赔偿,主体是生产者,销售者只有在有过错的情况下才承担责任。产品缺陷与产品瑕疵是两个不同的法律概念,二者在判断标准、承担责任的性质、方式、构成要件及责任主体、索赔途径等方面均有本质区别。     

大力推进我国农产品营销渠道建设

本文认为,营销渠道完善与否直接影响到农产品流通的成本和效率。当前在国际农产品市场上,形成了以美国为代表和以日本为代表的两种比较典型的农产品营销渠道模式,其成功经验值得我国借鉴。完善我国农产品营销渠道,应着力培养农产品营销主体,进一步完善农产品批发市场,改革农产品交易方式,积极推进农产品的超市经营和连锁经营,逐步建立和完善农产品物流配套系统。     

面向“两型社会”的产品价值驱动机理

从"小排量车将要消失"和"禁止使用塑料购物袋"引发的矛盾出发,本文按照产品流通中直接涉及到的三个主体,把产品价值划分为产品社会价值、产品顾客价值、产品企业价值,并提出了三种产品价值的主导型构成;在引入产品间接涉及的环境、专家和政府三个主体的基础上,剖析了决定产品价值主导型构成的驱动机理,并设计了面向"两型社会"的产品价值主导型构成的实现思路。     

When Product Placement Is NOT Product Placement

Abstract

The development of product placement in films and television shows can be readily observed by anyone who has devoted a significant part of their lives going to the movies. The first product placements were generic and fictitious and were hardly noticed by the movie-going public. But, as the placement of real products became more prevalent, it became apparent to the serious film buff that the presence of a fictitious or clearly disguised product became more of a distraction than the use of actual products. The attempt to make serious realistic films is sometimes sidetracked by a clearly fake product that strikes at the suspension of disbelief of movie goers, particularly when they have some familiarity with the product NOT being placed.     

公司与农户间商品契约稳定性问题的进一步探讨

本文针对"商品契约优于要素契约"的观点,就商品契约稳定性问题作了进一步的探讨。本文认为,签约产品专用性的强弱是分析商品契约稳定性的基本前提;产品专用性强的商品契约自身能有效地抑制农户将产品转售市场的机会主义行为,因而契约是稳定的;对于产品专用性弱的商品契约,实行市价加成法并不能有效地抑制农户的机会主义行为,而在实践中成功运用的虚拟高价法则可以有效地抑制农户的机会主义行为,从而确保契约的稳定。     

川西山地旅游资源优势分析与产品形象设计

川西山地旅游资源具有自然旅游资源丰富多彩;人文旅游资源独特古老;旅游资源富积度高等优势。对川西山地旅游产品进行形象设计按照突出自然资源特色,挖掘人文旅游资源文化内涵,形象设计紧扣时代的原则,设计了“神奇川西”观光旅游产品、“一山一品”山地生态旅游产品、“有效互动”文化旅游产品、“特色专题”旅游产品