Trade Specialization in Latin America: The Impact of China and India

This paper examines the extent to which the growth of China and India in world markets is affecting the patterns of trade specialization in Latin American (LA) economies. We construct a measure of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) by 3-digit ISIC sector, country, and year. This RCA accounts for both imports and exports. The empirical analyses explore the correlation between the RCAs of LA and the two Asian economies. Econometric estimates suggest that the specialization pattern of LA—with the exception of Mexico—has been moving in opposite direction to the trade specialization pattern of China and India. Labor-intensive sectors (both unskilled and skilled) probably have been negatively affected by the growing presence of China and India in world markets, while natural resource and scientific knowledge intensive sectors have probably benefited from China and India’s growth since 1990. JEL no.  F10, F14     

外商直接投资与中国对外贸易发展的经验研究

文章基于1980-2004年中国经济时间序列数据,综合考察了外商直接投资对我国贸易总额、出口贸易额、进口贸易额的影响作用,并考虑了引资政策、贸易政策的变化对投资-贸易关系的结构冲击.     

拉美的新型社会救助与对中国的启示

1990年代中后期,拉美各国纷纷改革了原有的社会救助制度并相继设置了许多新型的社会救助项目,新建立的社会救助以＂发展＂为价值理念,把救助资格与教育培训、医疗服务和个人就业等人力资本发展政策结合在一起,这类新型社会救助改变了过去社会救助制度在社会保障体系中残补、边缘的地位,显示了拉美社会保障制度关注重心与发展方向的转变。从拉美的新型社会救助中,中国可以获得有益的启示并找到进一步完善社会救助制度的相关思路。     

Modalities of Microfinance Delivery in Asia and Latin America： Lessons for China

I. Introduction Microfinance, the provision of small size loans and other financial services to low income households, is often seen as the key innovation of the last 25 years in terms of means of reaching out to the poor and vulnerable. There is extensive experience in microfinanceprovision in both Asia and Latin America, but as yet relatively little use of the approach in China. In Section, this paper assesses different approaches to microfinance delivery using a simple threefold distincti…     

Impact of Foreign Bank Presence on Foreign Direct Investment in China

We analyze the impact of foreign bank presence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. The connection between the two could be particularly relevant for an emerging economy like China because the supply of financial services provided by banks may act as a constraining factor. Foreign bank presence may then enable and foster FDI and not simply result from it. Our estimates demonstrate that FDI across regions in China is increasing in the existing network of regional branches of foreign banks, which itself is driven (and, therefore, instrumented) by the timing of the regional phasing out of the local limits for foreign banks on local currency business. The effect of foreign bank presence on FDI is particularly strong for some specific sectors (farming, manufacturing, construction, transportation, wholesale/retail trade and real estate) if those sectors are strongly represented in the source economies.     

中国和印度尼西亚的贸易与环境问题分析

随着双边贸易规模的不断扩大,中国和印尼不可避免地承受着与之紧密相连的环境压力。以投资为主要纽带的环境保护合作,不仅可以带动双方环保产业的发展,促进清洁能源的开发与利用,还能够有效减缓与绿色壁垒有关的贸易摩擦,推动双方贸易的深化与拓展。     

外商直接投资对我国就业效应的分析

外商直接投资的进入在我国直接或间接地产生了就业效应,文章阐述了就业效应产生的理论基础和作用机理,并从就业数量、质量、产业和区位分布等四方面分析了这种效应在我国的具体表现。在此分析结果的基础上,引出了对增加外商直接投资在我国就业正效应的思考。     

中国对外直接投资与对外贸易关系的实证研究——基于美国、中国香港、越南的合成数据回归分析

由于人民币升值、外汇储备飙升，更多的中国企业选择以对外直接投资的方式参与国际经济分工，对外贸易与对外直接投资的关系也变得愈加紧密和复杂。选取1996-2006年中国对美国、中国香港、越南的FDI流量，进、出口量做合成数据回归分析，结果表明：中国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系在空间上存在不同，二者关系以及关系强弱因东道国（地区）经济发展水平不同而不同。最后，提出了有关的对策建议。     

The Role of China in the Global Strategy of Multinational Enterprises

This paper moves from the general to the particular. First, it examines the differential speed of globalization in different types of market – specifically markets in finance, goods and services, and finally labour markets. It then analyses the location and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), both as regards individual national markets and then in terms of the interaction between national markets (the ‘local/global’ spectrum). This analytical framework is applied to the place of China in the global strategy of MNEs. This application illuminates the role of DFI (direct foreign investment) in China and illustrates the peculiarities of China's place in the global system. The distortions in China's domestic system interact with the global strategies of MNEs to produce several interesting results, including: (1) the importance of MNEs’ ownership strategy; (2) non-optimal location decisions; (3) the ‘excessive internalization’ of activities in China; and (4) the growing importance of China as a location for DFI and, in future, the potential for growth of outward DFI from China.     

The economic consequences of China–Africa relations: debunking myths in the debate

This study dissects with great acuteness some of the big questions on China–Africa relations in order to debunk burgeoning myths surrounding the nexus. It reviews a wealth of recent literature and presents the debate in three schools of thought. No substantial empirical evidence is found to back up sinister prophesies of coming catastrophe from critics of the direction of China–Africa relations. In the mean, the relationship from an economic standpoint is promising and encouraging but more needs to be done regarding multilateral relations, improvement of institutions, and sustainability of resources management. A number of positive signs suggest that China is heading toward the direction which would provide openings for a multipolar dialog. While benefiting in the short run, African governments have the capacity to tailor this relationship and address some socio-economic matters arising that may negatively affect the nexus in the long term. Policy implications are discussed.