互联网金融的发展究竟是否放松了中小企业的融资约束？

从中小企业融资约束产生的微观机理出发,本文首先从是否降低了借贷双方的信息搜寻成本和是否有助于弱化逆向选择与道德风险两个角度,构建了互联网金融影响中小企业融资的理论框架,并提出了互联网金融发展很可能对中小企业融资效果不显著的假说。在此基础之上,论文利用金融摩擦条件下的投资-现金流计量模型,对假说进行了经验验证。实证结果发现,互联网金融的确对中小企业的融资约束放松效果不明显。虽然互联网金融通过弱化金融摩擦而对中小企业的融资约束放松有一定的促进作用,但是,这一效应的相对效果是很小的。     

金融摩擦与宏观经济的外部脆弱性——基于美联储加息政策的分析视角北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文基于一个标准的开放经济模型,引入外部融资溢价机制和银行激励约束机制,刻画了中国的金融摩擦现象;并在此基础上考察了在美联储加息政策的刺激下,投资效率冲击如何通过金融摩擦的放大效应将经济波动扩大至实体经济。通过脉冲响应分析发现,在一个存在金融摩擦的开放经济中,投资效率的负向外部冲击会导致资本预期收益率和资产价格的下跌;在外部融资溢价上升和银行"惜贷"加重的双重影响下,企业的整体投资水平和产出水平都会出现下滑,从而凸显了金融摩擦的放大机制对宏观经济外部脆弱性的强化作用。为此,中国的货币政策应充分考虑这一强化机制的存在,避免国内的资产价格受美联储加息政策的过度影响,并由此加重实体经济的负担。     

美国货币政策对中国经济的溢出效应——基于贸易融资视角的研究

在以美元为主导的国际货币体系中,美国货币政策冲击主要通过贸易和金融渠道对其他国家产生显著的溢出效应。作为国际贸易不可或缺的融资支持工具,贸易融资同样以美元为主导,其规模的变动将会影响美国货币政策的国际传导。本文构建包含金融摩擦的IS-LM-BP模型,分析贸易融资影响美国货币政策溢出效应的理论机制,从宏观和微观两个层面对贸易融资的作用效果进行实证检验。理论分析表明,美元主导的贸易融资的引入会强化美国货币政策贸易渠道、金融渠道的作用效果,即会放大美国货币政策冲击的国际溢出效应。实证研究发现,在宏观层面,美国加息将抑制中国产出,推升中国通胀水平,考虑贸易融资后其对中国产出和通胀的影响将分别放大15%和11%,溢出的传导速度也将显著加快;在微观层面,美联储加息将显著抑制中国企业出口规模,降低企业投资和商业银行信贷供给,贸易融资的引入同样会强化美联储加息的溢出效应。本文的政策含义是,积极推动本币优先的贸易融资有利于缓解美国货币政策冲击对中国的负面影响。     

数字化转型对企业劳动收入份额的影响

以劳动收入份额作为衡量企业收入分配的指标，利用2007—2021年中国A股上市公司数据进行实证分析发现，数字化转型降低了企业劳动收入份额。异质性分析表明，数字化转型对劳动收入份额的抑制作用在非国企、服务业企业、高融资约束企业中更为显著。机制分析表明，数字化转型通过产生资本偏向型技术进步效应、市场垄断效应以及内部控制强化效应降低了劳动收入份额。可见，企业数字化转型难以兼顾“效率”与“公平”，需优化再分配机制，避免因经济绩效的改善而导致收入分配恶化。     

金融抑制与中小企业融资能力的协整关系研究

论文基于金融抑制视角,分析我国中小企业融资现状的主要影响因素和路径。在研究信贷市场利率管制及资本市场约束对企业融资能力影响的基础上,运用主成分分析方法对我国金融抑制以及企业融资能力进行综合评价;并通过协整检验实证分析金融抑制与中小企业融资之间的关系。结论表明:国家经济政策是影响企业融资能力的最重要因素;金融抑制与企业融资能力存在长期协整关系;放松金融抑制、推进金融深化有利于促进中小企业发展。     

经济波动、金融摩擦与固定资产投资——来自中国地级市样本的证据北大核心CSSCI

本文基于2001-2015年间中国286个地级市样本数据,对经济波动和固定资产投资之间的关系进行实证分析,得到以下结论:第一,中国地级市层面固定资产投资与经济波动之间呈非线性关系;第二,在经济波动对固定资产投资的影响中,金融摩擦机制所起的作用有限,主要还是实物期权效应起作用;第三,越是长期来看,经济波动对固定资产投资的影响越显著,金融摩擦机制所起的作用越小,实物期权效应所起的作用越大。     

企业社会责任、融资约束与企业金融化

企业承担社会责任能够通过与利益相关者进行资源交换获得战略资源,但是战略资源对企业绩效的影响取决于企业的投资方向。在实体企业金融化愈演愈烈的经济环境下,本文利用2010—2017年中国A股非金融上市公司数据重点探讨了企业社会责任对企业金融化的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)企业社会责任提高了企业的金融资产配置水平,存在"金融化效应";(2)融资约束在企业社会责任对企业金融化的影响中具有部分中介作用,企业社会责任通过缓解融资约束加剧了企业金融化;(3)企业社会责任的"金融化效应"仅在外部监管力度较弱的非国有企业、内部治理水平较低的低股权集中度企业中存在,行政外部监督和企业内部监督能够在"融资约束—企业金融化"过程中对管理层的机会主义行为发挥治理作用;(4)识别机制检验证实了中国企业金融化主要出于利润最大化的"投资替代"动机。以上结论为政策制定者规范企业社会责任报告披露方式、引导金融回归实体经济具有借鉴意义。     

金融加速器对住房市场财富效应的影响研究

本文拟以新凯恩斯主义经济理论为基础,在DSGE模型中的缺乏耐心家庭和住房开发企业两个部门中引入信贷约束考虑金融摩擦,以研究金融加速器对住房市场财富效应的影响。模型结果表明:(1)贷款价值比的降低能使货币政策很好地达到稳定住房价格泡沫的目标,从而有效防范金融系统性风险。(2)贷款价值比的降低会使外生冲击对住房市场的财富效应影响更显著,从而能有效防范经济硬着陆风险。(3)金融加速器的引入使房价收入比对通货膨胀冲击和货币政策冲击的脉冲响应十分敏感。     

气候风险冲击与信贷融资收缩的“加速器”效应

基于2004—2013年中国工业企业数据库的数据,构建独特气候风险指标,考察气候风险冲击对企业信贷融资的影响。结果显示：外生气候风险冲击会触发“金融加速器”效应,显著抑制企业信贷融资,尤其对高度依赖银行信贷的企业而言,这种抑制作用更为突出。机制分析显示,气候风险主要通过降低工业产出与销售收入、加速抵押品折旧渠道抑制企业信贷融资。异质性分析显示,气候风险的影响存在所有权和行业异质性,而金融深化有助于缓释气候风险的负面冲击。鉴于此,决策部门应充分关注气候风险对企业经营的“金融加速器”效应,积极推动企业提升应对气候风险的能力,优化金融结构,为企业营造更有利的融资环境。     

绿色债券与企业金融化

利用2010—2022年中国上市企业微观数据,实证考察了绿色债券对企业金融化的影响及作用机制。研究发现,绿色债券会显著降低企业金融化水平,且影响效应具有产权和行业异质性,非国有企业和非重污染企业的金融化行为更易受到绿色债券影响。机制检验表明,绿色债券发挥作用的主要渠道是资金效应而非监督效应,绿色债券会通过缓解融资约束来抑制企业金融化。进一步分析发现,第三方认证措施和“双碳”目标政策可以强化绿色债券对企业金融化的抑制作用。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.