中小企业协作网络:性质、特征与演进过程

运用新制度经济学的交易成本理论分析中小企业协作网络的经济性质,认为中小企业协作网络是一种比市场机制有效、比大型科层制组织灵活的中间组织形式,它能通过网络内企业之间重复交易产生的信任和承诺的协调,节约交易成本;我国的中小企业协作网络除具有一般企业网络的基本特征外,其网络结构呈现出浓厚的中国传统家族文化色彩。由于合作关系的复杂性,中小企业在加入网络的不同阶段都需要对协作中的风险进行谨慎的管理。     

主体要素与企业合作创新绩效关系的实证研究

企业的合作创新过程受到四类要素的影响:主体要素、客体要素、环境要素和沟通要素。其中主体要素是这四类要素中能动性最强的,它通过企业创新准备、人员和制度支持、合作伙伴关系紧密程度三项子要素与企业合作创新绩效密切相关,实证研究结果表明这三项要素均与合作创新绩效正相关。     

不完全合作、非合作博弈的逻辑:企业与行业协会价格串谋行为分析

串谋企业涉及的利益主体主要是企业、行业协会与监管者,频频发生的行业协会参与企业价格串谋实际上是不同利益主体之间博弈的结果.他们之间的博弈是不完全合作、非合作博弈.笔者建立了串谋企业及其行业协会、监管者之间的博弈分析模型,认为影响企业及其行业协会价格串谋概率高低的主要因素是制度安排、串谋成本与监管力度等.     

Exploring the relationship between university and innovation: evidence from the Italian food industry

This study provides empirical evidence on the role of universities’ technological transfer (TT) activities in the Italian manufacturing sector, with particular attention to the food industry. Using the UniCredit-Capitalia database (2008 UniCredit-Capitalia. 2008. Decima Indagine Sulle Imprese Manifatturiere Italiane. Rapporto Corporate. [Google Scholar]) for firms and data from the Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) to obtain the university TT indicator, we estimate a probit model to assess the effect of universities’ TT activities on a firm’s likelihood to innovate. The role of proximity in knowledge spillovers from TT activities is also investigated. Results show that university TT activities seem to stimulate food industry firms innovation and the impact appears significantly higher than for the manufacturing sector. Moreover, the effect of TT activities on innovation appears to be geographically bounded. As regards policy implications, this study provides two insights which may help promote innovation in the food sector. First, the factors that influence innovative capability in the food sector are different from those in other sectors, suggesting the need for sector specific instruments for promoting innovation. Second, science is important in the food industry and this raises questions about the policy of mainly considering high-tech industries when promoting a closer relationship between firms and universities.     

政策科学视角下的新型农村合作医疗：评析与建议

采取政策科学分析视角考察当前中国推行的新型农村合作医疗制度。其在制定中遵循循序渐进的决策原则，在执行中注意根据政策资源的供给状况突出政策实施的层次性和地区差异，并适时运用动员模式提高政策执行效率。新型农村合作医疗政策自实施以来已初见成效，但在政策运行中也存在若干问题。表现为政策对象的政策认知度低。政策评估与监控机制缺乏，政策执行中出现“逆向选择”现象，并由于社会资本发育不良形成政策环境阻滞因素。这就要求深化政策试点，扩大农民参与，进一步创新政策执行方式。建立健全政策监控机制，构建相互配套的立体化政策网络。     

The relationship between efficiency and profitability with respect to the size of firms: An empirical investigation for Austria

In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the performance of Upper-Austrian firms by size class. Considering the six derived hypotheses, why small firms have a better performance measure, some of the hypothesis with respect to profitability and labour cost efficiency are confirmed. On average, the gross residual quota (profitability measure) of small firms is higher than the one of medium-sized and large firms. However, a similar result could not be found for the productivity development. Considering the influence of the firm size on the productivity measure, there is in three out of four cases no statistically significant influence at all and in one case the opposite result is obtained indicating the larger the firm, the higher is the productivity. In the case of labour cost efficiency, the hypothesis (the smaller the firm the lower the labour cost per employee) is clearly confirmed.     

三次产业协同带动的产业经济学机理研究——需求拉动和供给推动分析

需求拉动和供给推动是促进经济增长的两个重要推动力。转变经济发展方式需要调整需求结构,调整供给结构,调整要素结构。文章从供给和需求两个作用力分析市场的产量及产品的社会价值,对政府鼓励创新加大研发投入,促进社会产量与价值最优化进行了分析,提出技术研发投资的最优化极大地提高了产品的技术含量,提高了企业生产效率,并使得各类稀缺资源得到更加合理、高效的使用,资源要素的替代性进一步增强。各部门和地区根据自己的资源要素特点发展经济,加大创新投入,重视新能源发展,通过新能源引领的产业革命逐步实现低碳经济和生态文明,走内生增长的可持续发展道路。     

Regulating the banking industry in transition economies: Exploring interactions between capital and reserve requirements

This paper examines the ‘prudential' role of reserve requirements in transition economies using a general-equilibrium banking model. The analysis stresses the role that reserve requirements may play in enforcing an adequate level of bank capitalization in a context in which it is difficult to assess the true value of bank assets. The paper also explores the interactions that exist between capital and reserve requirements and the effect of these regulations on the financial structure of banks and on the level of credit and interest rates.     

Public Sector Employment and the Skill Premium: Sweden versus the United States 1970–2012

Swedish census data and tax records reveal an astonishing decline in the aggregate skill premium of 30 percent between 1970 and 1990, with only a modest recovery in the next couple of decades. In contrast, the US skill premium rose by around 24 percent over those four decades. A theory that equalizes wages with marginal products can rationalize these disparate outcomes when we replace commonly used measures of total labor supplies by private sector employment. The dramatic decline in the skill premium in Sweden is the result of an expanding public sector that has disproportionately hired unskilled labor.     

产业协同集聚影响全要素能源效率的“U”型关系再检验——基于集聚质量和深度的双重视角

利用2003—2019年省际面板数据,从集聚质量和深度的视角探究了产业协同集聚对地区全要素能源效率的影响,研究发现:产业协同集聚与地区全要素能源效率呈显著的"U"型关系;但相对于集聚深度而言,集聚质量的提高能够显著推动全要素能源效率较早越过拐点从而进入上升阶段。机制检验表明,当集聚质量和集聚深度均较低时,产业集聚会通过规模效应显著抑制全要素能源效率提升;而当集聚质量和深度均较高时,产业集聚则通过技术效应显著促进全要素能源效率提升。此外,对于不同地区而言,东部地区全要素能源效率能够率先摆脱产业协同集聚的抑制作用而进入上升阶段,中西部地区则需要在更高的集聚水平上实现全要素能源效率的攀升。     

Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Happiness and Age: Evidence from the German Socio‐Economic Panel

This paper studies the evolution of life satisfaction over the life course in Germany. It clarifies the causal interpretation of the econometric model by discussing the choice of control variables and the underidentification between age, cohort and time effects. The empirical part analyzes the distribution of life satisfaction over the life course at the aggregated, subgroup and individual level. To the findings: On average, life satisfaction is mildly decreasing up to age 55 followed by a hump shape with a maximum at 70. The analysis at the lower levels suggests that people differ in their life satisfaction trends, whereas the hump shape after age 55 is robust. No important differences between men and women are found. In contrast, education groups differ in their trends: highly educated people become happier over the life cycle, where life satisfaction decreases for less‐educated people.     

The anatomy of fragile states in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the interrelationship between fragility and indicators of wellbeing

According to most classifications, Sub‐Saharan Africa is the region of the world with the highest presence of fragile states. In this paper we examine the relationship between fragility and poverty, suggesting that countries may become trapped in a vicious circle of fragility and low levels of wellbeing. We consider fragility as a continuum and begin by reviewing available measures. These show the high presence of fragility in Sub‐Saharan Africa and allow the more fragile countries to be identified. There is seen to be a strong association between fragility, poor growth performance, and lower wellbeing in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Building on the strong evidence for the two‐way relationship between economic growth and poverty, we present an analysis of how the vicious circle linking poorer welfare outcomes and fragility may be able to be broken. We argue that building successful institutions is key here, and this can be enabled by specific policy interventions that are both poverty reducing and productive.