QFII持股与分析师预测准确性

本文使用2006―2020年中国A股上市公司数据，研究QFII持股对分析师预测行为的影响和传导机制。研究发现：（1）QFII持股能够显著提高分析师预测当年、未来一年和未来两年的准确性，在使用工具变量法缓解内生性并进行一系列稳健性检验后，以上结论仍成立。（2）机制检验发现，QFII持股通过吸引更多的分析师跟踪、提高股票流动性、改善信息披露质量来提高分析师预测当年的准确性，并且可以通过改善信息披露质量来提高分析师预测未来一年和未来两年的准确性。本文结论表明，QFII持股可以为投资者的投资选择提供指引，对提高信息披露质量、促进资本市场平稳发展具有重要的理论与现实意义。     

QFII持股对信息披露质量影响的实证研究

QFII制度作为新兴市场国家在资本项目尚未成熟、本币未完全自由兑换的条件实现有序、稳妥开放证券市场的特殊通道,更是中国完善股权分置改革以及证券市场国际化进程中的一种重要策略。本文由激励理论和控制监督两大假说出发,探究了QFII对信息披露质量的影响。研究结果显示,QFII的持股比例提高有助于提升上市公司信息披露质量和改善公司治理。     

境外股东持股改善了中国股市的信息环境吗?

本文从公司特质信息含量、证券分析师年关注人次和信息披露质量等三个维度衡量股市信息环境水平,以2006²010年间深沪主板的上市公司为对象,研究境外股东持股水平和中国股市信息环境间的关系。研究显示总体上境外持股的上市公司特质信息含量、证券分析师年关注人次、信息披露质量显著高于非境外持股的公司,且随着境外股东持股水平的增加,上市公司特质信息含量增加、证券分析师年关注人次增加、信息披露质量提高。而且,境外股东持股水平与证券分析师年关注人次和信息披露质量存在倒"U"型关系,而与上市公司特质信息含量呈"U"型关系。     

合格境外机构投资者:投资者还是投机者?

本文通过收集2006~2009年A股上市公司年报和半年报中十大股东和十大流通股东的数据,从财务和治理特征出发,分析QFII在A股市场中所起的作用。统计结果表明,QFII持股公司的盈利能力、运营能力和公司治理质量都优于无QFII持股的公司。进一步的回归分析表明,QFII持股能在一定程度上改善公司财务业绩。上述结果说明QFII在甄别和提高上市公司质量方面发挥了投资者而非投机者作用,因而有利于我国资本市场健康平稳发展。     

机构投资者、信息披露与盈余管理

本文以反映公司治理效率的信息披露与盈余管理作为关注要点,深入研究了机构投资者持股的治理效果问题.本文研究表明,机构投资者持股公司的盈余管理程度显著低于无机构投资者持股公司,并且盈余管理程度随着机构投资者持股的增加而显著降低.本文还检验了机构投资者持股能否有效提高公司信息披露的质量,发现机构投资者持股公司的信息披露质量显著高于无机构投资者持股公司,而且信息披露质量随着机构投资者持股的增加而提高.本文还发现,机构投资者持股公司信息披露对于盈余管理的监控作用更为显著,并且随着机构投资者持股的增加促进作用更为明显.以上发现意味着目前我国机构投资者已经参与到公司治理中,并在一定程度上发挥了积极的治理作用.     

境外股东异质性、企业性质与公司治理效率——基于中国上市公司的实证检验

依据2014年一直有境外股东持股的沪深 A股上市公司样本数据,考量不同类型外资持股的治理效应进行实证检验。结果表明：境外股东持股能够提升公司治理效率,不同性质的境外投资者对公司治理的影响存在差异。外资基金和非金融类外资股东的治理效应是显著的,QFII未能对上市公司经营者形成有效监督和制约,外资银行、保险、证券公司反而一定程度上加重了上市公司的代理冲突。此外,外资持股在民营企业中的治理效应优于国有企业。     

机构投资者持股能提高上市公司会计信息质量吗?——兼论不同类型机构投资者的差异

本文以2006-2009年深圳A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了机构投资者总体以及各类型机构投资者持股对会计信息质量的影响。结果发现,机构投资者总体持股降低了财务报告可靠性,但能提高信息披露透明度。分类来看,证券投资基金、保险公司、社保基金和QFII等持股不影响财务报告可靠性,但能提高信息披露透明度;一般法人持股降低了财务报告可靠性,特别是加大了公司向下盈余管理程度,但不影响信息披露透明度;信托公司持股既不会影响财务报告可靠性,也不会影响信息披露透明度。结果表明,不仅机构投资者总体对上市公司会计信息质量影响的渠道不同,而且不同类型机构投资者对上市公司会计信息质量影响的渠道也存在差异。     

合格境外机构投资者影响了企业避税行为吗

合格境外机构投资者（QFII）制度的发展对我国进一步扩大开放,促进经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文探究了QFII对企业避税行为的影响,为优化税收监管提供了资本市场的证据。本文采用2007—2020年我国A股上市公司的面板数据,构建固定面板、门槛效应模型,用以检验QFII介入对避税行为的影响及其影响机制。研究发现：QFII持股对企业避税行为产生抑制效果;门槛检验得出在QFII持股比例高于52.74%时,对避税行为的抑制作用更强。使用Heckman、PSM-DID、安慰剂检验、替换变量衡量方式、工具变量法等检验后,上述结果依然稳健。从影响机制看,QFII通过提升企业信息透明度及缓解融资约束来抑制企业避税行为;进一步检验发现,长期QFII对企业避税行为的抑制作用更强,管理层权力、产权性质产生正向调节作用,内部控制质量产生负向调节作用,QFII的监督作用与内部控制呈替代关系。因此,发展长期、高持股类型的QFII,有利于优化上市公司的税收行为,促进经济高质量发展。     

机构投资者改善信息披露质量的异质性行为研究——来自2004～2010年深市A股的经验证据

本文以深交所发布的"上市公司信息评级考评结果"作为上市公司信息披露质量衡量指标,研究了合计持股规模持续占据所有机构投资者90%以上的基金和一般法人对所持股公司信息披露质量改善作用的异同。基于对2004-2010年深市A股3090个样本公司的实证分析发现,基金对其持股公司的信息披露质量改善具有促进作用,且随着基金持股比例的增加,其持股公司的信息披露质量提高;而一般法人持股并不存在这种改善作用。这一结论为我国大力发展以基金为首的机构投资者提供经验证据,同时对规范和监督国内一般法人这类机构投资者提出了迫切要求。     

我国股票市场公司董事会独立性对QFII持股的影响研究

在我国,QFII制度对引进国际投资资本、规范我国证券市场运作起极其着重要的作用。同时随着我国公司治理结构不断完善,公司董事会独立性也越来越受重视。因此,本文将实证研究在我国股票市场公司董事会独立性对QFII持股的影响,并在此基础上分别就其在民营上市公司与国有上市公司进行分析比较。研究结果表明,董事会独立性与QFII持股比例正相关;相对于民营上市公司,在国有上市公司董事会独立性与QFII持股相关性更大。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.