Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?

This paper studies the pattern of allocation of foreign aid from various donors to receiving countries. We find considerable evidence that the direction of foreign aid is dictated as much by political and strategic considerations, as by the economic needs and policy performance of the recipients. Colonial past and political alliances are major determinants of foreign aid. At the margin, however, countries that democratize receive more aid, ceteris paribus. While foreign aid flows respond to political variables, foreign direct investments are more sensitive to economic incentives, particularly good policies and protection of property rights in the receiving countries. We also uncover significant differences in the behavior of different donors.     

外资代工型增长模式——以中国苏州为例

外资代工型增长模式是发展中国家通过吸引外商代工资本来推动区域经济增长的一种新模式,在资本形成、产业升级、技术进步等方面具有重要作用,并促进了经济的集约化发展。但该模式也面临着外部风险和可持续性的挑战,政府应及时推动本土企业的发展和创新,促进外资代工模式的转型。     

Foreign debt and economic growth

This paper empirically examines the relationship between government foreign debt and the growth rate of per capita GDP based on a total sample of 77 countries, as well as sub‐samples of various regions. Cross‐sectional estimates of the coefficient of foreign debt based on the total sample have a negative sign, but are not always statistically significant. Available data from African countries indicate that foreign debt and the growth rate of per capita GDP were negatively related at a high level of significance. For industrialized and Latin American sub‐samples, this relationship is negative but statistically insignificant. The sub‐sample Asian and other developing countries show a positive but insignificant relationship. JEL classification: F34, H6, O23.     

“Social vs. Military Spending”—A Rejoinder

The transition process in Russia and Eastern Europe was dominated in the literature and in policy making by the shock therapy process. However, shock therapy was short-lived. Governments that implemented shock therapy were not able to sustain the reform program since they lost power after the first term as a result of unfavourable electoral results. The new governments implemented gradualism. While after the first term shock therapy governments were substituted by gradualists, a government in favour of shock therapy never substitute any gradualist governments. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that shock therapy was inconsistent with a democratic process of decision-making. Actually shock therapy was only consistent with a pluralistic political structure in the tradition of Hayek, Buchanan and Friedman. Foreign aid was inadequate to ensure the continuation of the shock therapy reforms within a democratic environment.     

外商直接投资与河北经济发展方式转变

通过引进和监管外商直接投资,以促进河北经济发展方式的转变是一种合理而可行的选择。因此,应采取引导外商直接投资的产业方向、促进外商直接投资技术溢出等措施,将外商直接投资纳入到转变河北经济发展方式的轨道上。从而推动河北经济又好又快发展。     

对外贸易的经济增长效应研究——区域经济视角下的面板数据检验

运用中部地区1995—2008年的省际面板数据,实证分析了对外贸易对地区经济增长的影响。研究结果显示：中部地区的出口增长拉动了地区经济增长;由于存在“为出口而进口”、缺乏技术人才等原因,进口对经济增长产生了负向的影响;进出口的总量较小,其对经济增长的影响较小,因此中部发展外向型经济具有很大的空间。     

金融市场发展、外汇储备积累与经济增长--基于国别门限面板模型的分析

外汇储备持续增长已成为多个国家的经济负担,然而不能忽视外汇储备增长对经济发展的积极影响。基于新兴市场各国短期内无最优方法改善高额外汇储备积累难题的假设条件进行研究,试图寻找能够将外汇储备的积极效应最大化的途径。利用27国相关数据建立门限面板模型后,分析不同金融市场发展水平下外汇储备对经济增长的宏观经济效应。研究结果表明：在发达国家和新兴市场国家,外汇储备均对经济增长具有积极影响。但是,不同的金融市场发展水平也会限制外汇储备的经济效应。金融市场发展水平越高的国家,外汇储备对经济增长的促进作用更为明显。     

区域性教育与经济协调发展关系的实证研究

教育与经济发展之间存在着相互制约、相互促进的关系,但这种关系的每个传递环节并不总是必然协调的.本文通过面板数据模型(panel data)对全国31个省份的教育与经济增长的相关关系进行实证分析后发现,中国教育与经济发展的协调性在东、中、西部三个地区的情况各有不同,差别较大.随着经济的增长,不同区域的教育投入均有所增加,而教育投入的增加到教育水平的提高以及教育发展推动经济进一步增长的过程均不协调.     

地区间接融资的金融市场和外商直接投资的正溢出效应

利用我国各省市1985—2004年面板数据分析FDI在地区经济发展中的贡献差异,结果发现,FDI和经济增长没有必然的正相关关系,但是间接融资市场发展比较好的省市,FDI对当地经济的增长有很明显的正溢出效应。因此,加快地区间接融资市场发展,增强FDI的产业后向关联,对于提高FDI对我国地区经济增长的正溢出效应十分重要。     

对我国外资依赖度的探析

从国内生产总值对FDI依存度、FDI资本形成依存度、外贸依存度、科技依存度、税收依存度等五个方面分析了我国经济增长对外商直接投资的依赖程度,得出了我国经济增长对外商直接投资的依赖度较高,为使我国经济健康发展必须调整相关的引进外资政策、产业政策.     

中国的对外贸易与经济增长的实证分析

通过在Feder模型中引入进口因素,可以推导出进口对经济增长的促进作用。进口贸易额增长率尤其是制成品进口率的上升确实能够促进经济增长率的提高,而出口贸易额增长率对经济增长率的促进作用则无法确定。     

Is the Threat of Foreign Aid Withdrawal an Effective Deterrent to Political Oppression? Evidence from 53 African Countries

This article complements existing literature on the aid-institutions nexus by focusing on political rights, aid volatilities, and the post-Berlin Wall period. Our findings show that, while foreign aid does not have a significant effect on political rights, foreign aid volatilities do mitigate democracy in recipient countries. Such volatilities could be used by populist parties to promote a neocolonial agenda, instill nationalistic sentiments, and consolidate their grip on power. This is especially true when donors are asking for standards that the majority of the population in control does not want and political leaders are unwilling to implement them. Our empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the period from 1996 to 2010. As a main policy implication, creating uncertainties in foreign aid for political rights enhancement in African countries may achieve the opposite results. We also discuss other implications, including the need for an “After-Washington” Consensus.     

转变经济发展方式研究现状综述及未来展望

对现有西方经济增长理论体系、我国转变经济发展方式的内涵、实现途径、推动力和发展阶段以及转变经济发展方式指标体系的研究成果进行梳理发现:未来研究应有效整合各学科相关理论,注重研究的均衡性、灵活性和预见性,重视改善民生在转变经济发展方式中的重要性,细化TFP的测算方法等。     

How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth in China?

How does inward foreign direct investment (FDI) affect a transitional economy? This study attempts to analyze the role of FDI in China’s income growth and market‐oriented transition. We first identify possible channels through which FDI may have positive or negative effects on the Chinese economy. Using a growth model and cross‐section and panel data for the period 1984‐98, we provide an empirical assessment, which suggests that FDI seems to help China’s transition and promote income growth, and that this positive growth effect seems to rise over time and to be stronger in the coastal than the inland regions. JEL classification: F21, F23, O53.     

FDI Contributions to GDP in China, India and Brazil

The paper employs lineal regression models to probe into the contributions of FDI made to GDP in China, India and Brazil, finding out that in China FDI have made the greatest contribution to GDP, next is India and the last is Brazil. On this basis, it proposes that it is necessary and imperative to implement such strategies as revitalizing nation through science and technology, increasing investment in research, development and education, and improving the enterprise＇s own originality.