试述融资租入资产的核算

随着我国社会主义市场经济的不断发展和完善，企业融资租赁业务逐年增加，而过去关于融资租赁的会计处理比较简单，未能真正反映融资租赁对承租人财务状的影响。《企业会计准则－－租赁》颁布后，对租赁业务的会计处理作了一系列规范。现将执行准则前后的不同作法和对财务状况的影响作一阐述。     

融资租入固定资产承租方的会计和税务处理的差异

融资租赁,是指与资产所有权有关的一切风险和报酬实质上发生了转移的一种租赁方式。《企业会计准则第21号——租赁(2006)》(以下简称《会计准则》)对融资租赁方面的会计确认和计量等提出了规范的要求。本文依据现行的《企业会计准则第21号——租赁(2006)》和《中华人民共和国企业所得税法实施条例》(以下简称《税法条例》)中的规定,主要浅析关于融资租入固定资产承租方的会计处理和税务处理,进而对比二者的差异,并分析其对税收的影响。     

融资租入固定资产承租方的会计和税务处理的差异

融资租赁,是指与资产所有权有关的一切风险和报酬实质上发生了转移的一种租赁方式。《企业会计准则第21号——租赁(2006)》(以下简称《会计准则》)对融资租赁方面的会计确认和计量等提出了规范的要求。本文依据现行的《企业会计准则第21号——租赁(2006)》和《中华人民共和国企业所得税法实施条例》(以下简称《税法条例》)中的规定,主要浅析关于融资租入固定资产承租方的会计处理和税务处理,进而对比二者的差异,并分析其对税收的影响。     

融资租赁的会计处理和所得税处理的探讨

<正>融资租赁(Financial Leasing)又称设备租赁(Equipment Leasing)或现代租赁(Modern Leasing),是指实质上转移与资产所有权有关的全部或绝大部分风险和报酬的租赁。资产的所有权最终可以转移,也可以不转移。但现在     

融资租赁会计处理方法研究

融资租赁是指实质上转移了与资产所有权有关的全部风险和报酬的一种租赁.融资租赁会计处理的基本思想是将此类租赁资本化,即承租人应将租赁资产使用权当作资产入账,同时将所承担不可撤销的偿付租金义务列为负债;出租人由于放弃了资产使用权,换取了定期收取租金的权力,应将租赁资产转为债权,租赁资产的折旧改由承租人计提.     

事业单位融资租入固定资产的财务处理

事业单位的固定基金，核算因购入，自制，调入，融资租入（有所有权的），接受捐赠以及盘盈固定资产所形成的基金。固定基金是反映国家或其他投资投到固定资产方面的资金来源。它与“固定资产”是两个相对应的帐户，二的价值是相等的。影响物移，形影不离。但固定基金确不是“固定资产”。《事业单位会计制度》对融资租入固定资产形成固定基金的核算是这样规定的；融资租入固定资产，按实际支付的租金，借记有关科目，贷记“固定基金”科目。     

融资租赁中出租人的会计处理例解

随着市场经济的发展,融资租赁业务也得到了迅猛发展。作为一种融资与融物相结合的金融创新产品,融资租赁已经成为了各大企业推崇的主要销售模式,也是解决中小企业融资难题的有效途径之一,融资租赁会计处理的规范化也越来越重要。本文解读了我国2006年颁布的新租赁会计准则．分析了融资租赁的定义及其种类,例解了售后回租和直接租赁下融资租赁中出租人的会计处理。     

融资租赁中出租人的会计处理例解

随着市场经济的发展,融资租赁业务也得到了迅猛发展,作为一种融资与融物相结合的金融创新产品,融资租赁已经成为了各大企业推崇的主要销售模式,也是解决中小企业融资难题的有效途径之一,融资租赁会计处理的规范化也越来越重要。本文解读了我国2006年颁布的新租赁会计准则,分析了融资租赁的定义及其种类,例解了售后回租和直接租赁下融资租赁中出租人的会计处理。     

Risk Management and the Cost of Capital for Operating Assets

This article attempts to clarify the effect of risk management on a company's cost of capital in the spirit of the traditional M&M/CAPM model. The traditional cost of capital model can and should be used to find the hurdle rate for a company's operating assets, since it can be applied regardless of the composition of the firm's non‐operating assets or its risk management policy. The author's main message is that if a firm manages idiosyncratic risk, the correct cost of capital for the operating investment is not the firm's enterprise WACC, but rather the required return on the assets being funded. Using the case of a company with a single line of business that is evaluating an investment opportunity, the author demonstrates how to adjust the firm's overall WACC to find the cost of capital for the operating assets to be acquired.     

利用外资处置不良资产中的法律问题研究

利用外资处置不良资产是利用外资的新领域，良好的法律环境是吸收利用外资的重要保障，目前利用外资处置不良金融资产存在着十个方面的法律问题，主要是：金融资产管理公司业务范围，以债权，股权作为设立公司的出资方式问题；建立合资投资基金问题，金融资产管理公司以其拥的的债权，股权等财产到境外投资问题；内债转外债及对外担保问题以及金融资产管理公司设立境外金融机构等问题。     

The Financing and Redeployment of Specific Assets

We model the role various forms of nonrecourse secured debt play in efficiently redeploying assets whose value is state-specific. Ex ante, an entrepreneur and an asset redeployer make noncontractible state-specific investments in the primary and next-best uses of an asset, respectively. The redeployer provides a secured nonrecourse loan equal to the value of the asset in the critical state that separates the good and bad states. In the event of a bad state, this contract averts ex post bargaining over the asset's quasi-rents on redeployment and leaves the parties' ex ante investments undistorted.     

Debt Financing and Earnings Management: An Internal Capital Market Perspective

This paper investigates the role internal capital markets play in mitigating earnings management of group firms. We predict that the funding advantages of internal capital markets from business affiliates obscure solvency problems resulting from higher leverage for individual firms within a group, which in turn mitigates their incentives for earnings management. Using Taiwanese firms as a sample, we provide evidence that is consistent with such a prediction. In particular, we show that higher group profitability reduces its member firms’ sensitivity of earnings management to debt levels. Among business groups, earnings management in pyramidal groups is less sensitive to debt levels. We also find that the debt‐abnormal accrual curve becomes smoother as group profitability increases when considering the non‐monotonic relationship between firm leverage and earnings management.     

应收账款融资法律风险及对策研究

随着《物权法》和《应收账款质押登记办法》的出台,应收账款融资在我国逐渐成为一种新兴的融资方式。目前,在借鉴国际经验的基础上,国内也建成了一些应收账款融资服务平台,然而相关法律制度仍存在一些漏洞。为此,可以考虑在法律层面进一步明确应收账款的涵盖范围,建立对应收账款债务人的通知规则,同时对应收账款转让登记的效力做出规定,并明确应收账款质押与其他担保方式的权利顺位关系。     

融资约束、资产抵押与企业投资

引入融资约束因素之后,企业资产抵押能力差异会通过"研发投资阻碍效应"、"实物投资诱发效应"等机制扭曲企业投资选择.为了解决中国企业热衷粗放型扩张、忽略研发投资、自主创新能力不足等问题,一方面,从短期看,必须提高商业银行甄别能力,在控制风险的基础上适当增加信用贷款;另一方面,从长期看,要大力发展风险投资、私募股票市场以构建并完善多层次资本市场,为企业创新创造一个良好的金融支持环境.     

A Trusteeship Theory of Accounting for Natural Capital Assets

One of the problems encountered in implementing accrual accounting in the government sector is that of accounting for natural capital assets provided freely to government and which are used as public goods. Professional accounting standards require that these assets be valued and included in the government's statement of assets and liabilities. The problem is not encountered in business accrual accounting because business neither acquires assets freely nor provides services to the public on a non-commercial basis.
Various issues surrounding accrual accounting for natural capital assets used as public goods are examined in this article. The nature and characteristics of such assets, and the distinctions between private goods and public goods markets, are first explained to set the context for examination of the issues. Then the issues as to whether natural capital assets should be treated as assets for accounting purposes and included in the government's statement of financial position are analysed according to FASB standards; it is concluded that they are not assets. Rather, it is proposed that these assets used for the provision of non-commercial services to the public should be treated in a separate category as public goods assets which are held in trust by the government on behalf of the nation, for the benefit of current and future generations and for the preservation of the natural ecology of the nation. Commercial valuations are not relevant for these assets and they need not be valued in financial terms for their good management.     

应收账款质押融资业务实践及风险防范

随着我国<物权法>对应收账款作为质押标的的明确和<应收账款质押登记办法>的出台,应收账款质押对我国中小企业融资的推动作用日趋加大.本文通过对应收账款质押相关法律法规的梳理,进一步明确了应收账款设立与实现的过程,分析了办理应收账款业务时面临的风险,并对防范相关风险提出了建议和措施.     

中国金融资产管理公司不良资产处置的道德风险与防范

财政部和金融资产管理公司之间目标函数不一致是道德风险产生的根本原因,制度设计的一些缺陷加剧了双方之间的信息不对称,外部监管弱化、内部控制不严、外部环境不良使得资产管理公司经营管理中的道德风险更为突出。防范和化解道德风险应同时从内外两方面着手。外部主要是通过宏观制度的重新安排和设计,来协调出资人财政部和代理人资产管理公司及其经营者之间的利益。内部通过进一步健全公司法人治理结构,完善内控,强化监督和约束机制,增加代理人的违约成本。     

Renting versus Owning and the Role of Human Capital: Evidence from Germany

In a world with complete markets, the decision whether to rent or buy a home is not influenced by risks related to human capital. If markets are incomplete and have frictions, however, this may change. Renting should become more likely the more mobile a household has to be and the more income risk can be diversified. Using household panel data from Germany, we test both predictions. We find that mobility requirements have a positive effect on the probability of renting. This effect is robust even after controlling for state dependence, unobserved heterogeneity and other factors known to influence the tenure mode choice. Our data, however, does not support the hypothesis that the potential to diversify net income risk when renting affects the tenure mode choice.