通货膨胀持久性研究综述

通货膨胀持久性是通货膨胀的动态特征之一,与货币政策实施效果密切相关。为了扩展和完善我国传统通货膨胀理论,本文对通货膨胀持久性的相关研究进行系统的归纳和综述,在分析通胀持久性来源的基础上,重点介绍估计持久性水平的单变量方法和多变量方法,并分析经济结构、价格机制或货币政策变化对通胀持久性的影响。同时,文章通过货币政策传导机制描述了通胀持久性对货币政策的影响,指出制订货币政策时低估通胀持久性的危害。     

潜在通货膨胀压力与适应性货币政策

潜在通货膨胀压力的存在和增长,一直困扰着我国的经济改革和发展,当加快改革和加速增长的鼓声作起时,“通胀反弹”的警钟也随之敲响,货币政策再度面临新的抉择。笔者认为,目前所需要的不仅仅是对潜在通胀压力的警惕,更重要的是认识这种压力的形成及其特点,寻求消除压力的货币政策途径。     

治理通货膨胀应重视货币政策时滞问题

治理通货膨胀应重视货币政策时滞问题李靖野一、治理通胀与货币政策时滞关系分析货币政策作为一国主要的宏观经济调控手段，在熨平经济周期波动，尤其是在治理通货膨胀中发挥着重要作用，经济是否平稳、通胀水平高低在很大程度上取决于货币政策的选择和效果，而能否准确地...     

完善金融调控，加强金融监控

“九五”时期货币政策与财政政策及其方面方面政策配置，既制止了长期困扰我国的通货膨胀，又抑制了通货紧缩，在今后一段相当长的时间内，我国经济将进入一个低通胀、高增长的经济，金融是现代经济的核心，“十五”时期金融方面有许多工作要做，最重要的是完善金融调控和国金融监管。     

中国通胀惯性特征与货币政策启示

通胀惯性与货币政策效果紧密相关。本文应用具有统计无偏性的"Grid Bootstrap"估计法和未知断点结构突变检验法,研究了1980—2007年中国通货膨胀的惯性特征。本文发现,在低通胀环境下通货膨胀仍然呈现相当高的惯性特征,这暗示着我国货币政策的滞后效应依然非常明显,通货膨胀对政策变化的反应速度缓慢。计量结果说明,中央银行至少应该在出现通胀压力前一年采取措施,来应对高通胀惯性环境下的政策滞后效应。因此,新时期货币当局不仅需要保持对通胀抬头趋势的适度警觉,而且应该关注高通胀惯性对政策效果的影响。     

通货膨胀背景下我国经济发展问题与对策浅析

我国现在面临的通货膨胀水平是温和可控的,但已对我国经济产生了一系列的影响。文章针对我国面临的通货膨胀问题,分析导致我国发生通胀的影响因素,指出通货膨胀背景下我国经济发展面临的挑战,并提出了相应的政策建议,认为我国应继续实行积极的财政政策,配以稳健的货币政策,并逐步减少对外依存度,以警惕美国多轮量化的货币政策。     

“机会主义”策略及其在中国货币政策中的运用

本文融合"机会主义"货币政策时变中间目标和阈值效应的特征,提出了含时变产出中间目标的"机会主义"货币政策规则,并利用时变阈值的"泰勒规则"从通胀和产出两方面对我国货币政策规则进行了考察。研究表明,我国利率的调节同时兼顾了经济增长和物价稳定,且调节程度依赖于通胀、产出与其中间目标的偏离程度,表现出"机会主义"货币政策策略的特征。利率对经济增长与其中间目标较小的偏离([-1.478,1.522])就会作出反应,而对通货膨胀与其中间目标较大的偏离([-2.55,2.15])才会作出反应。在我国"十二五"期间,为了实现促进经济平稳较快发展和保持物价总水平基本稳定的总体目标,我国货币政策应该采取更加灵活成熟的"机会主义"策略,调整对通货膨胀调节的力度和敏感度,同时应增强经济可能遭受负面冲击的预期,努力实现"控通胀稳增长"的目标。     

"机会主义"策略及其在中国货币政策中的运用

本文融合"机会主义"货币政策时变中间目标和阈值效应的特征,提出了含时变产出中间目标的"机会主义"货币政策规则,并利用时变阈值的"泰勒规则"从通胀和产出两方面对我国货币政策规则进行了考察.研究表明,我国利率的调节同时兼顾了经济增长和物价稳定,且调节程度依赖于通胀、产出与其中间目标的偏离程度,表现出"机会主义"货币政策策略的特征.利率对经济增长与其中间目标较小的偏离([-1.478,1.522])就会作出反应,而对通货膨胀与其中间目标较大的偏离([-2.55,2.15])才会作出反应.在我国"十二五"期间,为了实现促进经济平稳较快发展和保持物价总水平基本稳定的总体目标,我国货币政策应该采取更加灵活成熟的"机会主义"策略,调整对通货膨胀调节的力度和敏感度,同时应增强经济可能遭受负面冲击的预期,努力实现"控通胀稳增长"的目标.     

汇率影响、货币供给与通货膨胀

本文从人民银行近期政策与通货膨胀的现实意义出发,回顾了理论界有关通货膨胀主要成因的观点,并指出输入型通胀、需求拉动型通胀和成本推动型通胀是国内学者普遍认为当下通货膨胀压力的主要成因。根据经典理论分析,我国当下的通货膨胀压力是人民币汇率制度导致我国基础货币被动增发以及扩张性货币政策指导下超量货币供给所带来的流动性过剩问题。     

现阶段我国通货膨胀问题研究

2004年9月份开始,我国CPI上涨迅速,部分学者认为我国已发生了通货膨胀,或呈现通胀预期。现将理论界的各种观点综述如下:一、通货膨胀定义研究(一)国外学者对通货膨胀的定义。关于通货膨胀的定义,迄今为止还没有形成统一的说法。西方经济学界对通胀的定义大致可以分为两大类,一类是“物价派”,侧重通货膨     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.