内生性货币创造体系下股票市场的均衡与稳定

在内生性货币创造体系之下,股票市场的均衡由货币总量和货币总量在银行贷款和股票之间的分配比率决定,同时银行对企业项目成功概率的认可度外生的影响体系中的货币量,进而影响股市的均衡。在股票市场运行过程中,其也会随经济实现稳态而趋向于稳定,超过稳定状态的值都将会是不可持续的。同时,投入到股票市场中一级市场和二级市场的货币量值之比也存在稳定状态。     

股票市场与货币需求研究综述

随着各国信息技术的进步、金融管制的放松和金融创新的出现,股票市场迅速发展,货币需求的理论研究和实证研究更多的考虑到股票市场的影响。目前,已有很多国内外学者对此进行了研究,并取得了丰硕的成果。对股票市场和货币需求的国内外相关文献作了梳理和评述,以期对未来相关领域的深入研究有所裨益。     

货币供给与货币需求均衡的监测指标体系

一、设置货币供求均衡监测指标体系的必要性 近年来,货币供求失衡巳成为我国经济发展的严重障碍。可以说一切宏观经济问题都直接间接地、或多或少地与货币供求失衡有关。通货膨胀无疑是货币供给失控的直接后果;消费膨胀、投资膨胀,经济波动以及经济运行秩序的混乱均与其有密切的关系。因此,宏观经济管理应把货币供求的均衡作为最重要的     

股票市场对货币需求影响的实证分析

随着我国股票市场的不断发展,其与货币政策的关系受到人们普遍的关注.股票市场对货币需求的影响,其程度虽然不如GDP显著,但是股票市场影响货币需求进而影响货币政策的制定.应规范发展股票市场,逐步发挥股票市场传导货币政策的功能;发展和完善货币市场,实现货币市场和股票市场的协调发展;调整和完善货币政策运行体系,在条件成熟时,将资产价格纳入到货币政策最终目标体系.通过以上措施来推进股票市场的发展,使得货币政策的制定能更好地服务于股票市场的发展,并进一步提高货币政策的有效性.     

货币理论与跨期一般均衡分析的发展

20世纪后半期,货币理论的研究逐步从比较静态分析转到动态分析,更加注重货币作为外生变量影响价格、利息率、失业等变量的时间序列与变化路径的研究。这种研究方向的转变,使货币在宏观模型中的作用也发生了转变,从货币仅仅作为商品交易的媒介,转向货币的存在如何使经济达到均衡。与此同时,货币理论新的微观基础也在逐步建立。本文从跨期一般均衡模型的角度,分析货币理论这一发展阶段的特点,并考察货币在各种模型的不同假定下所发挥的独特作用。     

关于中国股票市场对货币需求总量与结构影响的分析

本文采用Johansen协整方法检验了一个包含股票市场交易额变量的标准货币需求函数和货币流动性函数 ,实证结果表明我国股票市场的发展与扩张减少了对狭义货币与广义货币的需求 ,体现了极强的资产替代效应和交易效应 ;同时 ,股票市场对货币需求结构存在显著的影响 ,估计系数表明了股票市场交易与货币流动性M1 M2之间呈正向相关关系。最后本文还从股票市场的货币需求效应出发 ,为中央银行制定与实施货币政策提出相关的政策建议。     

关于股票市场与货币需求增量关系的质疑

近年来,我国理论界普遍认为,股票市场的发展与扩张对货币产生了不可忽视的增量需求, 但是,在我国资本市场发展过程中所表现出来的这一现象却与国外在经济金融发展过程中所反映出来的一些普遍规律不尽相同.由于美国股市事实上已成为世界经济发展的晴雨表,故本文将借助对中国和美国股市在货币需求问题上的比较研究,以期更深刻地揭示资本市场发展对货币需求的影响以及其中的内在规律,并提出相应的政策建议.     

货币一般均衡模型及其发展

早期的货币理论一直在宏观背景下研究货币运行 ,存在严重的武断性。从 2 0世纪 70年代开始 ,宏观经济研究日趋注重微观层面的经济基础。通过解决代表人的跨期最大化问题 ,将货币纳入一般均衡的研究框架 ,成为货币理论发展的新方向。各类货币一般均衡模型分别从货币效用 ,现金约束和交易成本等角度解释了个体持币动机和整体货币运行。结合各类模型的优点形成一套解释我国实际经济运行的货币理论是一项十分有益的探索。     

新古典一般均衡与凯恩斯货币均衡的比较研究

以“技术关系”分析为核心的新古典一般均衡和以“社会关系”分析为核心的凯恩斯动态货币均衡在假定条件、货币的性质、均衡的条件及分析方法上都存在着根本差异。通过比较这两种均衡理论,可以看出新古典货币理论存在逻辑矛盾,现代宏观经济学的微观基础应当是凯恩斯货币均衡理论。用马克思的方法而不是新古典的方法来改造凯恩斯经济学,是发展凯恩斯理论的科学路径。     

中国股票市场发展影响货币需求的实证研究:1994～2007.

从理论上讲,股票市场通过财富效应、资产组合效应、交易效应和替代效应等途径影响货币需求,本文构建了一个包括股票市场变量的货币需求函敦,并运用1994～2007年的季度数据和协整分析方法对中国股票市场的货币需求效应进行了检验,检验结果表明股票市场已经成为影响我国货币需求的一个重要因素.在股票市场不断深化和广化的背景下,中央银行应关注资产价格的波动,货币政策的制定应考虑股票市场发展对货币需求的影响.     

中国股票市场对货币需求的影响

股票市场的快速发展使其正在成为影响我国货币需求和货币政策的重要因素,鉴于此,本文研究了我国股票市场发展对货币需求的影响,发现股市上涨在短期内会增加M1的需求和减少M2的需求,在长期会减少M1和M2两者的需求,股市冲击对M1需求的影响具有持续性,对M2需求的影响不具有持续性.研究建议中国人民银行应适度关注股市波动对货币需求与货币政策的冲击,尤其应预防经济陷入股市泡沫与高通货膨胀的恶性循环.     

Stock Market Fluctuations and Money Demand in Italy, 1913–2003

This paper examines the impact of stock market fluctuations on money demand in Italy from a long‐run perspective. The money demand function estimated by Muscatelli and Spinelli (2000) for a long time span is utilized as a benchmark, adding to the specification information on share prices from the Milan Stock Exchange Reform of 1913 to recent years. For a shorter time period (1938–2003), annual observations on stock market capitalization and turnover velocity are also considered. The empirical findings suggest that stock market fluctuations help to explain temporary movements in liquidity preference, rather than its secular patterns. Overall, a positive association emerges between an index of stock market prices that includes dividends and real money balances; however, the estimated long‐run relationship is unstable. In a dynamic, short‐term specification of money demand, the estimated coefficient of deflated stock prices is positive, and therefore compatible with a wealth effect, in the years 1913–1980, while in the last two decades a substitution effect has prevailed and the correlation between money and share prices has been negative. This is likely to reflect a change in financial structure and the increasing role of opportunity costs defined over a wider range of assets. These results are confirmed by data on stock market capitalization. Moreover, in the recent period, stock market turnover and money growth are positively correlated .     

总供给与总需求均衡状态的实现方式

总供给与总需求均衡状态的实现方式是经济学研究的重要课题.不论是萨伊的供给创造需求,还是凯恩斯需求拉动供给的理论都不能有效解释,为什么我国当前经济运行中出现的有效需求不足和生产能力过剩并存的局面.本文试图从经济运行的结构均衡的实现方式出发,分析经济总量中总供给与总需求均衡实现的路径,并提出实现总供求均衡的对策建议.     

Trade Unions in an Open Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis*

This paper derives a general equilibrium demand-for-labour schedule within the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model of a large open economy, and then introduces an economy-wide labour union that maximizes its utility subject to this demand schedule, thereby determining the real wage and hence total employment A parametric shift's comparative-static effects on the equilibrium levels of unemployment and welfare are analyzed within this fully unionized economy.     

货币供给量对资本市场收益的影响——基于中国股票市场的分析

当一个经济体中存在股票市场时,货币政策的传导机制显得非常复杂。本文就货币供给量对股票市场收益的影响进行了经验研究,得出狭义货币供应量（M1）和广义货币供应量（M2）均对市场有正向影响的结论;同时发现,市场对现有影响因素的反应有过度的倾向,但长期内会恢复均衡。因此,在制定货币政策时,需要考虑货币供应量对证券市场特别是股票市场的影响。     

Market, Trade and Welfare in General Equilibrium

This paper develops a tractable general equilibrium model of an economy with an arbitrary number of industries under increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition. The market structure of the model economy is expressed by two basic sets of parameters: the degree of competition, and the markup ratio prevailing in each industry. The government is supposed to control the degree of competition through antitrust policy and the markup ratio through entry policy. Using this model, I re-examine the results of traditional competitive equilibrium analysis and explore the effects of competition policies on economic welfare and international trade.
JEL Classification Numbers: D43, D50, F11, F12, L13, L41.     

Migration, Jobs and Welfare: A General Equilibrium Analysis

Immigration has been an important element of the economic development of many countries, although in recent years there has been an intensification of doubts about the benefits of further immigration. This paper brings some simple general‐equilibrium modelling tools to bear on the question of the employment and welfare effects of immigration. Employment and taxation effects, rather than wage and distributional effects, are found to be crucial in determining the impact of immigration on the welfare of factor‐owners in the receiving country. These employment effects depend on the type of immigration and the substitutability or complementarity relationships between immigrant labour and unemployed labour. Certain types of immigration are shown to be Pareto‐improving for the receiving country, without any need for lump‐sum transfers. Simple numerical simulations illustrate the results.     

隐性担保、市场博弈与创新需求的满足--一个关于中国股市的分析框架

中国股市独特的制度变迁路径和基础环境确立了政府的隐性担保人角色.这一角色引发及强化了投资者与政府、上市公司和国企与政府、证券公司与政府的一系列市场博弈.目前的许多市场消极现象都可由此得到说明.政府逐步解除隐性担保契约、摆脱尴尬角色定位的关键出路便是响应和满足市场的创新需求.     

Devaluation, Asymmetric Money Demand, and Investment in a Small Open Economy

This paper investigates the relationship between inflation and investment when cash is required to purchase some consumption goods in a small open economy while others are purchased with foreign currency or on credit. Devaluation acts as a differential tax on the good that must be purchased with domestic money and lowers the return to the factor used intensively in this sector. If this sector is relatively labor intensive, the steady-state capital stock will increase in response to higher inflation. Nonneutrality of inflation exists even though money is only held for consumption purposes.