不同成长机会下的上市公司股权结构、资本结构与公司绩效——以A股流通服务业上市公司为例

文章以我国流通服务业上市公司为研究样本,分析了上市公司资本结构和股权结构对公司绩效的影响,以及成长机会在其中的调节作用.研究结果表明流通服务业上市公司第一大股东持股比例、第二到第十大股东持股比例、长期负债资本比对公司绩效存在显著正向影响;国有股持股比例、高管持股比例、资产负债率对公司绩效存在显著负向影响.随着公司成长机会的增加,第二到第十大股东持股,非国有法人股持股对公司绩效正向影响作用增强;而第一大股东持股比例、国有股持股比例、高管持股比例、资产负债率与长期负债资本比对公司绩效的影响并不随着公司成长性的变化而变化.文章研究对于流通服务业上市公司股权结构和资本结构优化提供了有益的启示.     

中国工业劳动生产率的收敛性及差异——基于不同所有制企业的分析

在中国市场化转型的背景下,企业所有权性质的变化在提高工业生产效率和促进经济增长方面发挥了重要作用。使用2001-2016年中国工业不同所有制类型的分省份-行业数据,考察不同企业所有制类型的工业经济变动特征,并实证分析劳动生产率收敛趋势,比较和分析其收敛差异。研究发现,中国不同所有制类型的工业劳动生产率均存在绝对收敛和条件收敛,非国有经济的收敛驱动了整体经济的收敛。国有企业由于市场竞争不充分、缺乏创新激励等,劳动生产率的收敛速度要慢于非国有产权企业的。而私营企业能更好的与本土实际相结合,充分匹配适宜的技术,收敛速度要优于外商和港澳台企业。为实现经济发展均衡,政府需继续优化国有经济布局,重视私营企业的发展优势,提高市场资源配置效率,优化创新环境。     

对上市公司所有权与控制权问题的几点思考

目前,我国上市公司所有权与控制权,主要体现在股权结构和董事会结构两个方面。由于在我国上市公司中存在股权分配的不均衡和董事会职权缺位的现象,使得上市公司的各个股东的所有权与控制权长期处于不均衡的状态,因此有必要对上市公司所有权与控制权进行改革。应关注所有权与控制权的内容本质,优化上市公司股权结构,完善独立董事制度。     

对上市公司所有权与控制权问题的几点思考

目前,我国上市公司所有权与控制权,主要体现在股权结构和董事会结构两个方面。由于在我国上市公司中存在股权分配的不均衡和董事会职权缺位的现象,使得上市公司的各个股东的所有权与控制权长期处于不均衡的状态,因此有必要对上市公司所有权与控制权进行改革。应关注所有权与控制权的内容本质,优化上市公司股权结构,完善独立董事制度。     

Firm size,efficiency and employment: A review article

Summary S-J's book contains much careful and interesting discussion of small-firm employment data and related issues, and will be read by all workers in the field. However it also contains too much detailed quantification and international comparison of doubtful relevance, at least for most economists, and misses much background material of direct importance for evaluating the role of small firms. As a result, the authors seriously under-estimate the contribution of small business to both employment and efficiency of modern economies, as well as the importance of policy to correct the traditional and still pervasive bias towards large organizations.     

现金股利、股权结构和组织特征:一个Logistic分析

本文以763家上海证券交易所A股上市公司2003年的横截面数据为观察值,运用logistic回归分析分别考察了股权结构和组织特征对现金股利发放概率的实证影响。本文发现,股权结构(第一大股东持股、前二大股东持股和前三大股东持股)对现金股利发放概率具有显著的正向影响。公司各项组织特征(成长性机会、每股收益、每股留存盈余、资产规模和财务杠杆)也对现金股利发放概率具有显著的影响。本文的结论支持自由现金流假说。     

The birth of the housing consumer in the United States, 1918–1960

Between 1918 and 1960, those Americans who were able to buy a home learned to think and act as housing consumers. By 1960, the typical couple purchased a finished dwelling from a speculative builder instead of hiring the services of a contractor. Builders now produced for an anonymous market. They learned how to sell, and buyers learned to expect, a comprehensive and standardized package of services that included long‐term financing. Such financing required, and buttressed, a Fordist regime of mass production and consumption, and was promoted after 1934 by a new federal agency. It stabilized the economy by pushing families to make long‐range spending plans, while shaping their pattern of monthly expenditures. Increasingly, Americans came to think of homes as commodities, as investments and as means of self‐expression. They enacted these assumptions by browsing through model homes, by making elaborate financial calculations, by borrowing and by taking on home repair and improvement projects. These changes were promoted by the real estate industry and the state, and were soon accepted for the comfort and convenience they offered.     

人力资本、治理结构与企业所有权安排的研究

本文试图从人力资本与企业的合约性质、治理结构、所有权安排三个层面构建一个关于人力资本与企业所有权安排的理论框架 ,提出人力资本与企业所有权安排的发展趋势。     

我国生产性服务业发展过程、问题与对策研究

文章以中国改革开放以来生产性服务业、服务业与GDP的发展数据和产业变迁为依托,分析了生产性服务业的规模发展、内部结构变革、固定投资和利用FDI的轨迹及其内在原因。并探讨了改革开放以来金融业、物流业、信息服务业和房地产业发展的现状和主要困境,认为当前我国生产性服务业规模、水平、带动作用相对滞后,而内部结构开始优化。因此本文提出制定大力发展生产性服务业和生产性服务贸易政策、加快城市化重点服务业布局、进行服务业制度创新和业务创新等三项对策,从而加快产业结构升级,构建服务型经济。     

Banks,finance and investment in Germany: A review article

The author wishes to thank David Audretsch, Lee Baldwin, Wendy Carlin, Richard Deeg, Colin Mayer, Sigurt Vitols, and three anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions on an earlier version of this article.     

Shareholders Groups,Unbundled Rights,and Corporate Democracy: A Commentary

The commentary proposes a reform in the structure of corporate ownership. This reform would legally require public companies to unbundle their common stock into separately traded voting rights and monetary rights. Arguably, this new unbundled equity structure could profoundly change group dynamics of corporate governance, benefiting shareholder groups, customers, employees, and society at large.     

制度环境、产权性质与公司慈善捐赠--来自沪深A股上市公司的经验证据

公司慈善捐赠驱动因素的研究已有很多成果,但从制度环境和产权性质角度进行研究的很少。本文以沪深A股上市公司为样本,系统考察了制度环境、产权性质对公司慈善捐赠的影响。研究证实,中国各地区制度环境差异显著影响公司慈善捐赠,制度环境的改善促进了企业捐赠水平的提高,且这种正向影响在非国有控股企业表现更为明显。非国有控股企业捐赠水平高于国有控股企业,且在国有控股企业中,地方政府控股国有企业捐赠水平高于中央政府控股企业。这些结论对理解制度环境在促进企业捐赠中的作用,认识中国不同产权性质企业慈善行动的深层含义具有一定的启示意义。     

投资者法律保护与终极所有权结构关系研究

以2004—2006年A股上市公司为样本,考察投资者法律保护与金字塔结构下终极所有权结构的关系。结果显示:投资者法律保护程度越低,控股股东越有动机以较少的现金流投入来掌握企业的控制权,以便于通过财富放大效应进行掏空和寻租来谋取控制权私利;但是,当企业由国有企业控制而非民营企业控制时,控股股东控制权与现金流所有权分离度对投资者法律保护程度的敏感度降低,原因在于,在当前转轨经济阶段,中国国有企业产权公有的性质本身就是一种替代性的投资者保护机制。     

股权结构、投资行为与公司业绩

在对十一大行业进行实证研究中,发现国家股与境内发起法人股比例在公司业绩中所扮演的作用具有行业特点。国有股代理成本高的假说在机械、纺织与化工行业得到了实证支持,但在其它八大行业都没有。公用事业与医药行业第一大股东持股与业绩显著正相关,机械行业截然相反;一股独大与两股同大孰优孰劣因行业而异。十一大行业中有三大行业的业绩与前十大行业持股没有相关性,但与股权的法人性质相关。IT行业业绩与生产性股东数量显著正相关,机械行业的信托投资股东牵制了上市公司的发展。上市公司业绩在很大程度上依靠粗放型的投资拉动,八大行业公司的业绩同资本支出显著正相关,五大行业公司的业绩同权益资本投资显著正相关。     

Ultimate ownership,risk-taking and firm value: evidence from China

This article investigates the relationship among ultimate ownership, risk-taking and firm value using firm-level data from Chinese companies. The results indicate that dominant ultimate controlling shareholders exacerbate the agency problem. The larger the divergence between ultimate shareholder’s control rights and cash flow rights, the stronger motivation is to reduce corporate risk-taking (CRT) to safeguard private benefits. Furthermore, the presence of a dominant ultimate controlling shareholder is harmful to firm value, and the divergence between its control right and cash flow right has a significantly negative effect on firm value. Corporate risk-taking plays a significant mediating effect between ultimate controlling shareholder and firm value. Based on these results based on theory and practice, we propose a number of practical implications for managers.     

Commentary on “Common Method Bias in Marketing: Causes,Mechanisms, and Procedural Remedies”

Common method bias is a potentially serious methodological problem in research in marketing. Several statistical remedies have been proposed in the literature, and used by academic researchers. MacKenzie and Podsakoff (2012) identify the causes of common method bias, and then provide a set of procedural remedies that might prevent the occurrence of the problem. In this commentary, we expand on their contribution by articulating the different types of measurement error that could occur in survey research, how a procedural remedy might simultaneously affect more than one type of error, and how common method bias might manifest itself in the domain of stimulus-centered measures.     

Global and Local Concentration Patterns in Banking: An Analysis of the EU,the US and Mexico

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, there has been a clear trend towards the consolidation of banking. The first part of this paper reviews and contrasts different theoretical approaches that aim to explain that phenomenon. In the second and third sections, we present an analysis of the consolidation of banking in Europe and the United States to illustrate the nature of the driving forces of such a process. The fourth section presents a detailed discussion of the Mexican banking industry consolidation experience and discusses preliminary data on the performance evolution of incumbent institutions in the new environment created by the 1995 financial crisis.

RESUMEN. A lo largo de las últimas décadas se ha observado una tendencia bien definida hacia la consolidación de la banca. La primera parte de este estudio revisa y traza un contraste entre los enfoques teóricos que pretenden explicar este fenómeno. En la segunda y tercera, presentamos un análisis de la consolidación de la banca en Europa y los Estados Unidos, para ilustrar la naturaleza de las fuerzas que impulsan dicho proceso. La cuarta sección presenta una discusión detallada sobre la experiencia de la banca mexicana en la consolidación del sector, y examinamos los datos preliminares sobre la evolución del desempeño de las instituciones existentes en el nuevo entorno creado por la crisis financiera de 1995.

RESUMO. Nas últimas décadas, observa-se uma clara tendência para a consolidação dos bancos. A primeira parte deste estudo revê e compara as diversas abordagens teóricas que tentam explicar este fenômeno. Na segunda e na terceira partes, apresentamos uma análise da consolidação dos bancos na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, para ilustrar a natureza das forças que impulsionam tal processo. A quarta parte mostra uma discussão detalhada sobre a experiência de consolidação da indústria bancária mexicana e discute os dados preliminares sobre a evolução do desempenho das instituições beneficiadas no novo cenário criado pela crise financeira de 1995.     

会计盈余的及时性、股权集中度与公司特征

本文以会计盈余的及时性作为会计信息有用性的核心变量,并基于此来检测对于股权集中度的影响。本文预测,当会计盈余及时性较低时,股权结构会向更高成本的监督机制调整,表现为股权集中度变高。实证结果支持了这一预期。     

经理持股和经营绩效：经理持股激励功能的实证评价

本文通过实证研究发现,经理持股对公司绩效具有显著的积极影响,即使在控制了经理现金报酬、企业规模和行业属性的影响之后,这种显著性仍然存在,并考察了经理现金报酬、企业规模和行业属性对经理持股的影响程度,结果发现经理持股与经理现金报酬间存在着显著的激励互补效应,经理持股表现出显著性较弱的规模递减效应,但没有观察到行业属性对经理持股的普遍效应,只有信息技术产业类公司具有显著较高的经理持股水平.