Job congruence, academic achievement, and earnings

This study combines a widely held view of how earnings are related to education and job tenure (The Mincer model¹) with the notion that earnings are associated with the quality of an employer–employee job match. The quality of an individual's occupational choice is measured using job congruence, a commonly-used construct in the psychometric literature. Better-matched individuals should be more productive and, as a result, have higher earnings. Previous studies were unable to address the importance of job preferences to earnings because available data do not include both job congruence and individual earnings. The Alumni Outcomes Survey, recently produced by ACT Inc., is among the first data sets to include both variables. We use these data to estimate the importance of job congruence on earnings after controlling both for job tenure and for academic achievement, measured by an individual's ACT score. Results indicate that job congruence is positively correlated with earnings, and has effects on earnings that are of almost equal magnitude with years of education.     

Trade, migration and regional unemployment

A by now large literature in regional economics has greatly improved our understanding of the determinants of the observed spatial disparities in productivity. However, this literature neglects what seems to be a robust and persistent fact accompanying regional productivity differences: high productivity regions also have lower unemployment than low productivity regions. In this paper, we set out a model in the New Economic Geography (NEG)/job search tradition to explore the theoretical determinants of this fact. We find that the same forces producing regional agglomeration and productivity differences also generate persistent unemployment disparities. Moreover, we highlight a contrast between the short-run and long-run effects of migration on regional unemployment. In particular, migration from the periphery to the core may reduce unemployment disparities in the short-run, but exacerbates them in the long-run.     

Job stress,coping strategies,and burnout among hotel industry supervisors in Taiwan

The complex and changing environment of the hospitality industry presents a never ending array of stimuli, pressures and demands which can become sources of stress for hotel supervisors. A focus on the identification of current and potential stressors in organizations, and the development of strategies which individuals and management may use to manage and reduce stress effectively, is imperative. This study is to investigate the perceived level of stress of hotel supervisors, to establish frequency of the use of various coping strategies, and to determine the burnout rate. This study also empirically examines the relationships among stress, coping strategies, and job burnout. A convenient sample of hotel supervisors of large hotels in Taiwan was selected. The return of 298 questionnaires represented 74.5% of the total supervisors surveyed. The study findings suggest that the major job stress of hotel supervisors originates from task characteristic and workload. Moreover, a direct action coping strategy may allow one to perceive the situations as opportunities and may, in turn, contribute to reduce job stress. Furthermore, hotel supervisors experience a lower level of burnout if they apply more direct action strategies in coping with the pressures of their job. The results of this study can be used as part of guidelines including what should be considered to reduce job stress and burnout in the work environment.     

文化创意产业集聚区效益的定性分析——以广州市为例

我国大城市的文化创意产业是借城市更新置换出来的土地而集聚发展起来的。本文以广州市为例,在阐释近年来借城市更新而发展起来的文化创意产业集聚区用地特征的基础上,试图分别从经济效益和社会效益两个角度,评估集聚区已产生的效益和预期的效益。研究显示,广州的文化创意产业集聚区可以从多方面对城市产生积极的影响,但由于存在一些尚未解决的问题,其效益仍未能全面体现。总体而言,集聚区的社会效益比较容易实现,也较为明显,经济效益则有待进一步提升。     

Search frictions,real wage rigidities and the optimal design of unemployment insurance

In this paper, we study the optimal unemployment benefits financing scheme when the economy is subject to labor market imperfections characterized by real wage rigidities and search frictions. The US unemployment insurance financing is such that firms are taxed proportionately to their layoffs to finance unemployment benefits. Using DSGE methodology, we investigate how policy instruments should interact with labor market imperfections. It is shown that wage rigidities in a search and matching environment cause welfare costs, especially in the absence of an incentive-based unemployment insurance. This cost is mainly due to the distorting effect of wage rigidities which generate inefficient separations. We show that the optimal unemployment benefits financing scheme – corresponding to the Ramsey policy – offsets labor market imperfections and allows implementation of the Pareto allocation. The second-best allocation brings the economy close to the Ramsey allocation. The implementation of the optimal policies clearly highlights the role of labor market institutions for short-run stabilization.     

Technological innovation and industrial organization in the Danish wind industry *

The origin of this article is the paradox that heavy US R&D funding to hi-tech aerospace industry in the seventies and eighties was not able to provide an appropriate industrial technology base in wind technology that could match the wind turbines from the much more low-tech Danish machine industry (agricultural sector), which received very limited public R&D funding. Nevertheless, the Danish manufacturers took the lion's share of the world market in the eighties, in casu the California home market for the American producers. A bottom-up learning based development strategy almost completely outperformed a science based top down development strategy for this re-introduced energy technology (top down failures were also seen in the UK, Denmark, W. Germany). The top-down and bottom-up strategies reflect two very different types of de facto entrepreneurial behaviour and industrial organization.     

Unemployment and the business cycle in a small open economy: G.M.M. estimation and testing with French data

What is a relevant model for the European business cycle? In this paper, the empirical performances of three models are compared: a canonical Walrasian R.B.C. framework, its extension to the case of a small open economy, and a version of this model with search and wage bargaining on the labor market. Structural parameters of the models are estimated using G.M.M. and their abilities to reproduce the French business cycle, taken as representative of the European business cycle, are tested. Only the small open economy with unemployment is able to generate theoretical moments that match their empirical counterparts.     

Sectoral Productivity,Density and Agglomeration in the Wider Europe

Abstract

We then test this model using panel data for five sectors on regional-level data for 27 EU Member States. Our results for the aggregate economy confirm previous estimates. For our full sample of countries the sectoral-level results also indicate significant agglomeration effects. Considering differences in the extent of agglomeration effects between new and old EU Member States, however, leads to the conclusion that agglomeration effects tend to be stronger at both the aggregate and the sectoral level for new Member States.

Productivité sectorielle, densité et agglomération dans l'Europe élargie

RÉSUMÉ?Nous testons ensuite ce modèle en utilisant des données de panel pour cinq secteurs à l'échelon régional dans 27 états membres de l'UE. Les résultats que nous obtenons pour l'économie dans son ensemble confirment les estimations précédent. Pour notre échantillon complet de pays, les résultats au niveau sectoriel font état d'importants effets d'agglomération. Si, toutefois, l'on tient compte des différences quant à l'étendue des effets d'agglomération entre nouveaux et anciens états membres de l'UE, on en conclut que les effets d'agglomération ont tendance à être plus prononcés à l'échelon global et à l'échelon sectoriel chez les nouveaux états membres.

Productividad sectoral, densidad y aglomeración en la Europa más amplia

RÉSUMÉN?A continuación, ensayamos este modelo utilizando datos de panel para cinco sectores aplicables a datos de nivel regional sobre 27 estados miembros de la UE. Nuestros resultados en relación con la economía agregada confirman las estimaciones anterior. Con respecto a nuestra muestra completa de países, los resultados de nivel sectoral también indican efectos significativos de la aglomeración. No obstante, la consideración de diferencias en la extensión de los efectos de la aglomeración entre nuevos y antiguos estados miembros de la UE, lleva a la conclusión de que los efectos de la aglomeración tienden a ser más pronunciados en los nuevos estados miembros, tanto a nivel agregado como sectoral.

     

产业集群创新中行业协会的“囚徒困境”分析及措施

企业之间的相互信任、知识共享及分工协作是产业集群形成和发展的基础,也是产业集群创新的关键。文章从这个原则出发,引入了"囚徒困境"博弈模型,分析了两个企业在产业集群合作创新中可能会遇到的困境以及策略,并针对性地提出了构建产业集群内的行业协会来促进企业间合作创新的观点以及一系列政策措施建议。     

区域人力资源要素、产业结构、金融机构信贷投向的关系研究

寻找金融机构信贷投向的影响因素成为提升金融机构信贷资金投向正确性,及促进经济发展的重要途径。而在这些影响因素中,区域人力资源要素无疑是非常重要的一个。但是,区域人力资源要素对金融信贷投向的影响机制的相关研究还非常缺乏。本研究采用相关分析及结构模型建模方法对区域人力资源要素与金融机构信贷投向的影响效应进行实证分析。结果表明,人力资源要素对金融机构信贷投向具有积极的直接正向影响,同时,人力资源要素通过对产业结构的调整及优化作用对信贷投向产生了积极的间接影响作用。该研究不仅在理论上促进有关信贷理论的发展,完善信贷理论的研究体系;而且在实践中有助于促进金融信贷投向合理的方向。     

流动劳动力的住房供给与需求分析

住房和租房市场的需求和供给、均衡程度及政府行为是影响流动劳动力住房福利的主要因素.文章在考查在京流动劳动力的住房需求和供给的基础上得出以下结论:流动劳动力主要通过租房解决住房问题;供需结构在低水平上实现了基本匹配;住房面积偏小、居住质量较差;房租、交通等成为影响住房选择最重要的因素;租房者与承租的住房信息渠道比较原始;政府在流动劳动力住房供给方面还有待加强.因此应增加针对流动劳动力的廉租房供给,进一步规范流动劳动力房屋租赁市场,建立流动劳动力住房信息管理系统.     

高校行政管理人员职业倦怠问题研究

基于高校行政事务的繁多导致高校行政管理人员出现了职业倦怠现象。行政管理人员一旦出现职业倦怠不仅会导致高校管理工作出现问题,也会给行政管理人员的身体产生危害。本文以对行政管理人员职业倦怠的表现分析为突破口,阐述高校行政管理人员职业倦怠的负面效应,从而引导出缓解高校行政管理人员职业倦怠的具体措施。     

贯彻以人为本理念,做好校园安全稳定工作

学校是社会的重要组成部分,校园安全稳定工作事关千家万户的幸福,是维护社会稳定,推进学校素质教育顺利实施的重要因素,是培养社会主义事业接班人的重要阵地。     

内地招商引资与商贸业发展地位的变迁——武汉市商贸业改革开放的回顾与启示

改革开放30年来,武汉作为最大的内地城市之一,曾一度面临边缘化,是商贸业的改革开放激活了武汉,改变了武汉,回顾内地城市招商引资与商贸业地位变迁的关系,可以深刻理解我国改革开放给内地经济发展带来的机遇与发展。     

Globalization and trade union strategy: industrial restructuring and human resource management in the international civil aviation industry

For trade unions, the central problematic of globalization is the growing disparity between the mobility of capital and labour. The ability of capital to operate on a trans-national basis is widely perceived to have precipitated a process of cost cutting as international companies seek to cut workers' remuneration and other conditions of employment. However, systematic empirical evidence on the impact of globalization on human resource management is hard to find, as is any assessment of the differential impact of globalization on different occupational groups or the response of trade unions to any deterioration in their members' terms and conditions of employment. Focusing on the international civil aviation industry, we examine the effects of globalization on human resource management and the national and international strategies developed by organized labour in response. Although the evidence suggests that there is indeed a concerted effort by major airlines to cut costs, trade unions have been able to retard the pace of change and effectively defend the interests of some occupational groups. Moreover, the future course of globalization will be contested through new international strategies and repertoires of collective action developed by the trade union movement.     

兰州市产业结构调整与就业弹性问题研究

从产业结构调整对就业增长影响的角度,以兰州市各产业产值就业弹性为切入点进行数据统计分析,结果表明,兰州市三次产业的发展虽然保持着比较高的速度,但各产业产值就业弹性均在不断下降.过去十几年间,第一产业所能吸收的劳动力非常有限,第二产业产值的增长不仅不能促进就业增长,而且释放出大量失业工人,第三产业已经成为拉动就业的主要力量.为避免出现经济增长和失业并存的局面,有必要促进产业结构的转变以增加就业.     

如何做好新形势下企业思想政治工作

文章阐述了企业思想政治工作应坚持的原则,分析了当前企业思想政治工作面临的新问题,并对如何做好新形势下企业思想政治工作进行探讨。     

The relation between key events in the development phase and the financial structure of NTBFs in the software sector

The study is based on a questionnaire survey of 117 Irish software firms. It finds no systematic relation between product lead time and acquisition of first external funds in new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Contrary to the stage model’s predictions, these firms are just as likely to secure finance in advance of producing their first product beta as they are to receive funds subsequently. Product lead times in this sector are short. Firms produced their first product beta in a median of 12 months and acquire their first external funds a median of 3 months later. The timing of these two events, however, is not significantly different. There is a significant difference in the mean time to receipt of consulting revenues and the development of first beta, suggesting that most software product companies use consulting revenues to fund product development.     

E-procurement in the Greek food and drink industry: Drivers and impediments

Most empirical research on e-procurement has focused on large economies and technology-related industries, paying little attention to smaller economies and traditional industries. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a study on the state and development of e-procurement in the Greek food and drink industry, based on four case studies with some of the largest organisations in the industry. This study indicates that the uptake of e-procurement has been slow and reveals some important impediments, such as the uncertainty of the technology and its benefits, the lack of infrastructure and skills and the traditional nature of the industry. These results led to a series of findings, propositions for further investigation. The drivers and impediments to e-procurement have been classified into four different levels: global, country, industry and firm. Each of these levels requires a different approach to dealing with it, having implications for practitioners and policymakers.     

如何做好新形势下企业思想政治工作

文章阐述了企业思想政治工作应坚持的原则,分析了当前企业思想政治工作面临的新问题,并对如何做好新形势下企业思想政治工作进行探讨。