论水利工程立项与施工管理

水利工程建设的立项与施工管理，是保证水利工程的两个重要环节，它们互相联系，相互依存。如果立项阶段没有经过严格的论证，草率上马，那这个水利工程就有可能变成水害工程，即使后来施工质量再好，也只能起到危害作用。如果水利工程在施工阶段没有认真执行质量标准，也会让水利工程变成水害工程，对当地人民的生命财产构成巨大威协。要想让水利工程真正造福人民，首先要把立项做好，其次在施工中兢兢业业。这两个阶段的管理必须全部到住，缺一不可。     

ICT创新政策管理的PDCA模型

创新政策是促进创新型国家建设的动力源。ICT行业具有典型的溢出效应,成为促进经济社会发展的推动器。将全面质量管理的PDCA模型应用于ICT创新政策管理中,详细描述了管理各阶段的工作重点和流程。计划阶段制定ICT创新项目,定义目标;实施阶段主要是创新项目的执行和KPI监控,描述KPI数据的获取方法及优劣;评价阶段验证目标达成程度,构建ICT创新工程测度指标体系;行动阶段实现ICT创新项目政策和相关项目的再审视。     

对陕西泾河东庄水利枢纽工程的初步认识

本文扼要论述了陕西泾河在渭河流域综合治理中的重要性,说明了东庄水库工程修建的必要性,同时对东庄水库的开发目标(水库功能)、坝址、坝型、坝高(库容)选择以及涉及的岩溶漏水、水库泥沙工程问题等作了简要论述.最后提出希望在千载难逢的西部大开发中早日建成东庄水库工程,造福子孙后代.     

将舟山群岛新区打造成海上丝绸之路重要区域

21世纪海上丝绸之路建设,是中国推进新一轮改革开放的大战略和大布局,是中央深化中国与东盟合作、构建更加紧密命运共同体、造福中国与东盟双方的战略构想。2013年10月习近平访问东盟国家时首次提出建设＂21世纪海上丝绸之路＂,党的十八届三中全会《决定》再次作了强调,李克强总理在2014年政府工作报告中又将其列为重点工作,随后商务部组建了欧亚司负责相关政策规划的制定,浙江省也加紧了前期准备和调研,这一切都昭示着“海上丝绸之路”建设已进入紧锣密鼓阶段。     

工程移民政策研究

因经济、政治利益而建设工程产生的移民称为工程移民。论述了工程移民政策的基本特征，工程移民政策的本质，工程移民政策执行的过程，我国工程移民的政策的立法体系及政策要点。提出了针对具体工程移民政策制定的过程及工程移民政策的改进。     

浅谈设计阶段的工程造价控制

建设项目的工程造价控制是指在工程投资的决策阶段、设计阶段、施工阶段采取一系列政策和措施,利用行政的、经济的手段,把工程造价控制在限额以内,以保证工程造价(投资估算、设计概算、竣工决算)的最终实现。工程造价的控制是建设管理的重要组成部分,合理确定和控制工程造价是一项复杂的系统工程,工程造价管理牵扯到诸多因素和各个方面,在庞大的建设工程中,是关系国计民生的一件大事。众所周知,工程造价控制贯穿于项目的全过程,即从项目决策阶段的投资估算,到设计阶段的设计概算以及施工阶段的施工图预算和工程完工后竣工结算。各阶段工程造…     

中国新型农村合作医疗的完善

实施新型农村合作医疗是惠及千家万户、造福百万农民的温暖工程。为此,完善农村合作医疗要加大宣传力度,提高农民参保积极性,对农村医疗机构进行整合;充分发挥政府的作用,加大政府投入等。     

地方政府公共政策执行中现存的问题及对策

中国的发展离不开各个地方行政机构的支持。地方政府是地方国家行政机构,属于基层的政策执行者,是造福地方百姓的基层部门。就我国地方政府公共政策执行中出现的问题、问题产生的原因以及解决问题的对策进行了阐述,希望为地方政府行政管理工作提供参考和帮助。     

中国边境贸易政策体系：演变与挑战

边境贸易政策是一国对边境贸易进行管理的依据,中国的边境贸易政策由两个层次的政策法规构成,规定了边境贸易管理中的几个基本问题：管理形式、优惠问题、管理部门及其职责等。根据边境贸易政策的性质和具体规定、对边境贸易的影响,中国边境贸易政策的历史演变体现为四个阶段：政策逐步放宽阶段、步入正规化管理阶段、按市场经济体制要求调整规范阶段、与入世承诺和WTO规则一致的完善调整阶段。最后分析了中国边境贸易政策面临的挑战,旨在为促进我国边境贸易健康、持续发展提供有益的启示。     

论土建工程施工中的安全性提高方案

本文基于工程实践,初步分析了当前土建工程施工安全性的现状,并从增强施工人员安全意识、建立安全监督队、严格问责机制、提升人员技术水平、加强交流五方面探讨了改善方案.希望给有关人员以启迪或参考,增强工程施工的安全性,为人民群众造福.     

Using Non Market Valuation to Inform the Choice Between Permits and Fees in Environmental Regulation

The purpose of this short note is to open an exploration regarding the use of non market valuation to help guide the selection of economically efficient pollution control instruments. As long as non market valuation techniques can correctly estimate the slope of the marginal benefit of abatement curve, this information along with engineering cost estimates of the unit costs or slope of the marginal abatement cost will provide useful information to policy makers in choosing between fees and permits. An illustrative review of the literature suggests that both stated and revealed preference methods have estimated slopes of marginal benefit functions for reducing several pollutants. To investigate the efficiency of permits versus fees, an illustrative review of corresponding marginal abatement costs is also made. For air pollutants affecting visibility, the slope of the marginal benefit curve is far greater than the slope of the marginal abatement costs, suggesting permits as the efficient instrument. For nitrates in groundwater used for drinking, the marginal benefit curve is flatter than the rather steep marginal abatement cost, suggesting fees/taxes would be a more efficient economic instrument. We hope this note stimulates more emphasis in non market valuation on estimating the slope of the marginal benefit function to enhance environmental economists ability to make policy recommendations regarding the choice of pollution instruments for specific pollutants.      

浅析政府在房地产问题界定中的误区及其应然态度——基于公共政策问题界定视角的分析

近年来,中国应对房价过快增长的政策不断出台。然而,这些政策＂治标不治本＂,不能从根本上遏制房价的增长。针对这一问题,有必要从政策过程的最初阶段——政策问题的界定阶段来探讨有关政府房地产政策的失效问题,并认清政府在此问题界定中存在＂住房是纯粹的私人物品＂等三个误区。当前,大力发展经济、地方政府真正让渡利益才是政府针对房价调控的应然态度。     

ECONOMIC MODELING AND THE FALSE TRADEOFF BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

One important element of the current policy debate on what measures should be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is the controversy over the costs of reducing those emissions. "Top-down" macroeconomic and general equilibrium models give much higher estimates of the costs than "bottom-up" models based on microeconomic and engineering data. This paper investigates the causes of the divergence between the two modeling approaches. The conventional top-down models incorporate strong implicit assumptions about maximization, technical progress, and organizational efficiency that predetermine their results. However, these assumptions are questionable on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Economic assessment of policy alternatives would benefit. from analyses that take account of the actual characteristics of business firms and other organizations that emit greenhouse gases in the course of their activities.     

Improving environmental decisions: A transaction-costs story

A multidisciplinary team of researchers made efforts to influence the design and implementation of environmental policy in Australia. A focus of these efforts was the development of the Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER). In addition, the team undertook a range of communication activities, training, user support, and participation in committees and enquiries. Transaction costs were relevant to these efforts in a variety of ways. Environmental managers perceived INFFER to involve relatively high transaction costs. A balance was struck between the system having simplicity (and low transaction costs) and delivering environmental benefits. Transaction costs were factored into the planning and prioritisation processes developed. For example, public and private transaction costs are accounted for in the calculation of benefit:cost ratios and in the choice of policy mechanisms. There are diverse roles that transaction costs play in the processes of developing, implementing and influencing environmental policy programmes. A key observation is that appropriate strategic investment in transaction costs can improve decisions and increase net benefits from an environmental programme. A well-designed decision process can involve incurring transaction costs at one stage in order to save transaction costs at a later stage.     

转型期中国公共意识形态政策的议程设置——以高校思政教育的十六号文件为例

中国公共意识形态政策的议程设置机制是什么？本文以大学生思想政治教育领域的中央十六号文件为典型案例,探讨导致这一类政策出台的多方面因素。通过对于媒体触发、最高领导层意志和意识形态工程三种解释模式的说明和比较,本文发现,政治流中政府意识形态的变化、政策流中专家的调研和建议,以及具有准公共性质的媒体力量在中国公共意识形态政策的议程设置过程中发挥着重要作用。本文最后提出,现阶段中国公共意识形态政策的变迁正逐渐摆脱革命时代的权威强势控制,以一种开明的权威主导模式的面貌出现在公众面前。     

湘中紫色土丘陵综合治理示范区农业生态工程设计

在对湖南中部紫色土丘陵综合治理示范区农业生态工程拟定目标，进行背景调查的基础上，划分了土地生态类型，提出了农业生态工程的任务和设计的内容，制订了设计方案，包括11个生态工程类型和相应的生态技术，以及3个农业生态工程区。6年来，在示范区按照农业生态工程的设计，进行紫色土丘陵综合治理，取得了显著的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。     

Innovation,embeddedness and policy: evidence from life sciences in three UK regions

This paper draws upon a survey of the life science and biotechnology regions of Oxford, Central Scotland and South West England to examine the innovation and embeddedness traits of the regions. The insights into the compositional weaknesses and strengths of the regions suggest opportunities and threats for the future development of the UK's life sciences and biotechnology. The discussion moves forward debates on biotechnology, regional innovation, regional economic development and policy by posing research questions relating to the gap of knowledge of two under-researched regions, the need for a differentiated view of regions and a public policy approach tailored towards them, as well as the prospects of ‘engineering’ high-tech regions. Some of the highlighted policy challenges are common to the three regions, while others are region-specific and reflect the variations of regional make-up and stage of development.     

Indexing Out of Poverty? Fiscal Drag and Benefit Erosion in Cross-National Perspective

We assess how tax-benefit policy developments in 2001–11 affected the household income distribution in seven EU countries. We use the standard microsimulation-based decomposition method, separating further the effect of structural policy changes and the uprating of monetary parameters, which allows us to measure the extent of fiscal drag and benefit erosion in practice. The results show that despite different fiscal effects, policies overall mostly reduced poverty and inequality and both types of policy developments had sizeable effects on the income distribution. We also find that the uprating of monetary parameters not only had a positive effect on household incomes, meaning fiscal drag and benefit erosion were avoided, but generally also contributed more to poverty and inequality reduction than structural policy reforms.     

Occupation pension for public employees in the People's Republic of China: A new approach with defined benefit underpin pension plan

The State Council of the People's Republic of China announced a reformed pension plan for public employees with the occupation pension plan in January 2015, officially disclosing that the social pension systems for private and public employees will be unified. Our proposed occupation pension plan for public employees is one of the important components in transiting from a dual‐track pension system to a sustainable and unified system. We aim at providing a pension design, that is, the defined benefit (DB ) underpin pension with estimates of the costs and benefits. We have used a financial engineering approach to calculate the hedge contribution for a DB underpin hybrid pension plan benefit. We also treat pension benefit and salaries in aggregate. Therefore, we propose a stochastic and exogenous salary model. Employees’ total benefits can be determined by multiple factors, such as inflation, economic environment, and employer's preference. However, the expectation of employees’ total benefits should not be affected by the change of salary and pension benefits. Our results could facilitate the ongoing pension reform in the People's Republic of China, providing a rigorous benchmark with public policy implications as to plan design, cost estimation, as well as risk management approach.     

The effects of the raising-the-official-pension-age policy in an overlapping generations economy

This paper studies how economic variables are affected by raising the official pension age. Although it is said that such a policy increases output, this paper shows that such a statement is not necessarily true. Moreover, the paper finds that the social security benefit can decrease, which implies that it might be impossible to sustain the same level of benefit only by such a policy.