国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院：稻谷质量快速检测技术研究取得积极进展

正我国是世界上最大的稻谷生产国和消费国。目前我国稻谷的质量检验手段和检测水平落后,多采用感官评价法,主观性强、检测速度慢、检测精度受到影响。尤其是前几年"转圈粮"等问题的出现,对收购过程中新鲜稻谷的合理评价也提出了更高的要求。随着科技的不断发展,为满足稻谷质量检测的需要,经过10多年的努力,国家粮食和物资储备局     

我国稻谷质量快速检测技术研究取得积极进展

正我国是世界上最大的稻谷生产国和消费国。目前,我国稻谷的质量检验手段和检测水平落后,多采用感官评价法,主观性强、检测速度慢、检测精度受到影响。尤其是前几年"转圈粮"等问题的出现,对收购过程中新鲜稻谷的合理评价也提出了更高的要求。随着科技的不断发展,为满足稻谷质量检测的需要,经过10多年的努力,国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院成功研制了多项先进的稻谷质量检测技     

宜昌市农产品检验检测体系建设发展现状与对策分析

农产品检验检测体系作为农产品质量安全监管的重要技术支撑,也是确保食品安全的重要保障.但现阶段,部分农产品检验检测机构整合导致农产品"三前"(食用农产品从种植养殖环节到进入批发、零售市场或者生产加工企业前)环节检测中存在检测人员匮乏、财政投入不足、检测水平不均衡等问题.基于此,本文分析了宜昌市农产品检验检测体系建设发展现...     

“检测”乳企的检测水平是招妙棋

<正>1月16日,国家食品药品监督管理总局对婴幼儿配方奶粉提出更高要求,有媒体记者从相关部门了解到,江苏南京市食药监局今年将加强对乳制品的监管力度,全市乳制品企业的检测水平也要"被检测"。以往,公众见惯的是监管部门在市场或企业对相关食品进行抽检的画面,监管部门对乳企的检测水平也要进行"检测",这可算得上一件新鲜事。     

安全农业:一种新的农业模式

<正>位于金山区区廊下镇的上海逸耘农业发展有限公司(以下简称"逸耘农业"),致力于农业发展模式的探索与创新。今年,该公司提出并开始探索一种新的农业模式——安全农业。安全农业的核心要素有3个,可以概括为"三可":过程可追溯;过程可参与;产品可期货。一、什么是"过程可追溯"此前,农产品质量安全追溯只能做到"结果"追溯,就是扫描农产品包装上的二维码后,能得到产品产地、生产者的信息。由于显示不了"生产过程"的信息,就无法判断产品在生产过程中是否安全。而危害人体健康的农药、激素、生长素有近千种,目前还没有有效检测手段将其全部检测出来。     

上海 奶源有了保障

据上海市农委近日发布新消息称,上海在乳业生鲜原料奶上确立最低保有量制度,郊区奶牛养殖业已全部实现规模化生产,并与生奶收购的定价形成机制、第三方质量检测制度一起,形成"三系配套"的完整框架。在饲养环节中,建立国内首个"配方饲料"的统一配送中心。     

贵州省贵阳市粮油质量检测中心：深入实施优质粮食工程 创建一流粮食质量监测中心

正贵阳市粮油质量检测中心通过实施优质粮食工程粮食质检体系项目建设,综合能力得到了极大提升,实现了全市粮食质量安全监管"不缺位"、市县储备粮质量监测"全覆盖"、跨区域和行业委托检测数据"有公信"、服务粮食产业五优联动"有作为"的建设目标。     

临沂 强化检测能力 把好农产品产地质量关

<正>近年来,山东省临沂市重视农产品质量检测工作,以"提高检验能力,保证检测质量,参与安全监管"为指导思想,不断加强检测机构建设、实验室质量管理体系建设和基础管理规范建设,扎实有效地组织推进了农产品质量检测工作。加强检测实验机构建设2003年,根据全市农业比重大、传统经营特点突出、农产品质量安全监管任务重的现实状况,临沂在全省较早成立了"临沂市农业质量     

独立标准

公众对中消协"吃皇粮"的质疑非常尖锐,他们担心这将改变中消协的性质.事实上,消费者协会"吃皇粮"的现象并非我国独有.在美国,联邦政府每年就为消费者权益保护组织提供4400多万美元的活动和办事经费,这些经费大部分用于产品的检测和对检测设备及设施等方面的投资、更新,由此,美国的消费者组织可以凭借自己独立的实验室,对消费产品进行检测,并在《消费者报道》上予以公布,成为消费者判断所购商品的重要参照.     

农产品质量安全监管的几种模式

<正>随着经济社会的快速发展,消费者对农产品质量安全的关注度越来越高,农产品质量安全问题已经成为社会的热点。近年来,广东省惠州市农产品质量安全监督检测中心对农产品生产基地采取"诚信监测"的监管模式、对城区蔬果批发市场实行"两级监测"的监管模式、对城区超市和农贸市场采取"抽查检测"的监管模式、对肉联厂生猪采取"宰前检测"的监管模式,有效地控制了全市农产品的质量安全风险。     

The value components of contract farming in contemporary capitalism

Contract farming (CF) has generally been understood as, essentially, a market institution—by both (approving) “mainstream” and (critical) “radical” perspectives. Analyses of relations of production have, meanwhile, tended towards a problematic “peasantist” frame, where contracts undermine farmer “autonomy” in processes of “flexible” corporate agro‐industrial restructuring. This paper argues that a materialist analysis of CF from within capital–labour relations offers a stronger conceptual foundation for re‐synthesizing questions of market‐power. It first argues that radical notions of “peasant subsumation” conceptually mirror Marx's “formal subsumption of capital” but underplay dynamics of “real subsumption” accompanying capitalism's wider development. Drawing on the “petty commodity production” concept, it then argues that CF's “flexibility” rests in its differential content. CF's fungibility to contradictory movements of “integration” and “dispersion” enables it to emphasize different methods of surplus appropriation under shifting conditions; each corresponding to a different dominant social tendency. On the one hand, conditions of market expansion inspire integration for relative surplus appropriation through raised productivity, and CF tends to act as a “tool of proletarianization” in the wider centralization of capital. On the other, conditions of contraction motivate the dispersal of unvalorized capital, prompting efforts to raise absolute surplus appropriation, and CF tends to act as a “tool of differentiation” to concentrate agricultural capital.     

Good governance and strong political will: Are they enough for transformation?

By the year 2050, more than 70% of the world’s population will be living in cities. The rush to the cities, along with subsequent increased consumption patterns, has dire consequences, for the ecological systems that sustain human life. Some find hope in the potential that cities can be built differently, that green infrastructure and denser forms of development, will satisfy human needs while decreasing the stress on valuable resources and mitigating consequences of climate change. Some say that “strong political leadership and robust governance” is critical for this need to drive sustainable urban transitions. However, are “political will” and “good governance” enough or is the issue more complicated than this? Using a critical political economy approach this paper shows the fundamental difficulties that arise when attempting to transition urban centres to “smarter”, more “sustainable” and “resilient” cities. Ultimately, the paper argues that “good governance” and “strong political will” are inadequate for understanding the requirements for transformation.     

新型城镇化背景下的四川省秦巴山区空间发展战略研究

研究基于新型城镇化背景,结合现状四川秦巴山区城乡空间结构与其区域内外的发展影响要素,从区域空间、城市网格、重点镇体系3个层面进行研究分析,提出了四川秦巴山区空间协调发展战略构想。其旨为通过建立新型一体化空间,城乡网格体系等结构,灵活运用"中心城市"、"人口集中"、"产业集中"等理念,形成一个区域协调发展,空间结构紧密,发展思路科学合理的空间发展结构体系。     

Green Consumerism and Ecolabelling: A Strategic Behavioural Model

The ethos of “green” marketing is to affect tastes and perceptions so that those individuals for whom the attribute of environmental‐friendliness is significant can signal this preference by choosing the “green” alternative. This paper presents a strategic behavioural model of interactions between two agents, a firm and consumer, under conditions of incomplete information. The outcome of the model is that, unless some restrictive and (arguably) unrealistic conditions apply, some proportion of “green” marketing campaigns will be misleading; “green” marketing is not restricted to “green” products, and “green” consumers only adapt their purchasing habits some of the time. Ecolabelling schemes can be used as a means of ameliorating this inefficiency in information‐transfer. Whether state intervention to make ecolabelling mandatory for “green” products is welfare‐improving depends on the balance between the deadweight losses from the process and the gains in terms of facilitating the expression of “green” preferences.     

基于Logistic回归模型的城市建设用地扩张影响因素分析——以深圳市为例

分析城市建设用地变化影响因素对于探究城市内在演化规律具有十分重要的意义。本文以深圳市为例,通过建立2002~2007年和2007~2012年两个阶段建设用地变化的Logistic回归模型,从空间角度分析了建设用地变化的规律及原因。研究结果表明,在第一阶段(2002~2007年),深圳市处于快速城市化时期,建设用地变化以新增建设用地为主,主要的解释变量是固定资产投资变化,第二产业产值变化,坡度和高程,而在第二阶段(2007~2012年),深圳市进入高度城市化阶段,建设用地变化表现为存量建设用地空间布局的变化,主要解释变量是固定资产投资变化,第二产业产值变化,人均GDP变化和人口密度变化。     

中国耕地“非粮化”的时空格局演变及其影响因素

研究目的:探究中国耕地“非粮化”时空演化特征及影响因素,以期为中国耕地资源保护和粮食安全保障提供参考。研究方法:GIS空间分析、空间计量模型。研究结果:(1)2004—2018年,中国整体的“非粮化”水平呈波动变化,2016年后“非粮化”最为显著;“非粮化”类型逐渐由蔬菜、油料、棉花等多类型向蔬菜瓜果转变。(2)“非粮化”在空间上大致表现出由东北向西南逐步严重的态势,类型多为蔬菜和油料作物,又以蔬菜为主导。(3)各影响因素中,人工成本和种粮比较收益在后期对非粮种植有显著负向影响;劳动力非农就业促进“非粮化”现象发生;机械动力水平在前期对“非粮化”具有显著负向影响,后期表现为正面作用;良好的政策环境对“非粮化”具有抑制作用。研究结论:为应对耕地“非粮化”现象,应继续保障粮食种植收益、完善农业生产设施与服务市场、健全法律政策与制度,以稳定粮食生产。     

The incremental construction land differentiated management framework: the perspective of land quota trading in China

Construction land plays a vanguard role in China’s rapid urbanization process. However, confront with massive loss of farmland resources, the highly centralized land-use planning and management system established by the central government in 1998 stipulates that the red line of 1.8 billion mu of farmland should be guarantee to ensure food security. A series of land management system innovations such as “the replacement of basic farmland in different places”, “the compensated supplement of farmland in different places”, and “the land conversion quotas transregional transaction” in Zhejiang province have received increasing attention, under the premise that neither dissipating the economic development efficiency nor breaking the constraints of various planning quotas. Inspired by the “three-phase” efficiency improvement based on the concept known as the “adaptive efficiency”, this article first proposes the inherent policy shortcomings as incalculability, inseparability, and uncontrollability. Then, adopting the mathematical model derivation and economic analysis tool, we demonstrate that the “general allocation + competition allocation + rewarded allocation” of new construction land quota allocation scheme has improved the three-stage Pareto efficiency. Relying on the network analysis of the cross-regional trading in Zhejiang province, the “time hotspot”, “regional hotspot”, Siphon effect, price fluctuation and inequality of opportunity are also observed in the process of trading. The authorities should play a quasi “wedge-like” blocking role in due course. It is therefore suggested that a differentiated management scheme should be adopted considering the variance in regional resource endowments and social ecosystem. This paper expected to shed light on improving construction land-use efficiency for China and other similarly placed developing countries.     

Development studies and the development of India: An awkward case?

Abstract

The origins of the inter‐disciplinary field of “development studies” are traced to the 1960s. It is argued that Indian scholars have pursued their own distinctive lines of argument within it, but that they have also made significant contributions to the general field. The paper has a section outlining the history of “development studies”, tracing major strands of thought and the way in which Indian scholars related to them. It then looks in more detail at Indian development and the conceptualization of “development”, by both the “insiders” and “outsiders” who have had a role to play in the debate, before turning to various “characterizations” of India from Myrdal onwards.     

Adapting to the gender order: Voluntary conservation by forest owners in Finland

In this article we explore the hidden gender order of the biodiversity policy and, in particular, the social and societal positions offered to male and female forest owners in voluntary conservation. Two studies were conducted in the region where the National Biodiversity Program for Southern Finland (“METSO”) has been implemented. Study 1 focused on forest owners’ discursive practices that construct different actor positions to female and male forest owners; 27 interviews with forest owners were analyzed. Three discourses – “conservation threatens forestry,” “forestry threatens conservation,” and “good forestry is conservation” – were identified. Forest owners typically described themselves as “loggers” who were explicitly described as masculine. This was paired with the feminine position of “bystander.” The other two positions found, “protectors” and “political agents”, by contrast, were discussed as non-gendered positions. In Study 2 we examined quantitatively how individual forest owners’ nature conservation preferences and willingness to conserve forests is mediated by gender. The responses of 965 owners were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The endorsement of nature conservation preferences was found to increase willingness to conserve forests only among male owners. The results illustrate how individual forest owners adapt their nature conservation preferences to forestry's masculine socio-cultural context.