我国鸡蛋期货市场运行效率研究

鸡蛋期货上市至今,价格波动剧烈,市场声音质疑鸡蛋期货市场是一个投机市场。期货市场的两大基本功能是价格发现功能和规避风险功能。本文从这两大功能着手,从鸡蛋期货价格与现货价格的相关性分析、鸡蛋期货市场流动性分析及相关期货市场的佐证分析等方面对鸡蛋期货的运行状态进行初步探索。     

巧识新鲜鸡蛋

新鲜鸡蛋:蛋壳完整,无光泽,表面有一层白色粉末,手摸蛋壳有粗糙感,轻摇鸡蛋没有声音,对蛋壳哈一口热气,用子凑近蛋壳可闻到淡淡的生石灰味,将鸡蛋放入水中,蛋会下沉。次质的蛋:蛋壳表面没有白色粉末,色灰乌或暗黑,壳发亮,或有霉斑,轻摇鸡蛋,有轻微晃动感,将鸡蛋放入水中,会浮在水中。劣质的蛋:除有次质蛋的特点外,若将鸡蛋放入水中,蛋会浮于水面,若对该蛋哈一口热气,可闻到霉味或酸臭味。巧识新鲜鸡蛋     

察颜观色选鸡蛋

鸡蛋虽小但营养价值却极高，营养专家建议每人每天食用一到两个鸡蛋对人体最有益。但就是这个大家每天都会吃的鸡蛋，在选择上确有很多误区。鸡蛋的蛋壳颜色有白、浅褐、褐、深褐和青色之分，有人偏爱红壳蛋，有人喜欢青壳蛋，认为营养价值更高。其实，鸡蛋的营养价值高低，与蛋壳颜色没有必然联系。     

吃鸡蛋的六大误区

据专家介绍,人们日常生活中在吃鸡蛋问题上存在很多误区。误区一:红壳蛋比白壳蛋更好许多人买鸡蛋只挑红壳的,说是红壳蛋营养价值高。其实并非如此,蛋壳的颜色主要是由一种叫“卵壳卟啉”的物质决定的,而这种物质并无营养价值。分析表明,鸡蛋的营养价值高低关键取决于饮食的营养结构。误区二:煎煮鸡蛋越老越好鸡蛋煮得时间过长,蛋黄中的亚铁离子与蛋白中的硫离子化合生成难溶的硫化亚铁,很难被吸收。营养学专家认为,鸡蛋以沸水煮5-7分钟为宜。油煎鸡蛋过老,边缘会被烤焦,鸡蛋清所含的高分子蛋白质会变成低分子氨基酸,这种氨基酸在高温下常可…     

为“绿壳鸡蛋”拓展市场把脉

通过对江苏一些绿壳鸡蛋生产基地的实地调查,总结出绿壳鸡蛋进行市场拓展的四点优势、三点制约因素,进而提出绿壳鸡蛋拓展市场的相关措施。     

我国鸡蛋价格变动特点及规律分析

长期以来,我国蛋鸡产业养殖规模和鸡蛋产量稳居世界第一,但产业整体发展水平与世界先进国家相比仍存在较大差距,小规模养殖占主体的生产方式下鸡蛋价格频繁出现大幅度波动,往往对生产和消费造成较大冲击。本文主要通过深入分析我国鸡蛋价格长期变动趋势、周期性波动规律以及价格变动影响因素,为推动我国蛋鸡产业健康发展提供政策参考。     

鸡蛋短缺新加坡只好进口熟鸡蛋

据悉，由于新加坡国内现在鸡蛋极度短缺．所以现在进口商们转为进口熟鸡蛋，新加坡备农场已经开始大量进口熟鸡蛋，现在熟鸡蛋的进口量可以占到总进口量的70％。然而不可扭转的是．新加坡人仍然更热衷于新蛘鸡蛋．     

国外如何保障鸡蛋安全

一天一鸡蛋，健康能长寿。无论在哪国，鸡蛋都是公认的营养食品。但近些年，问题鸡蛋、假鸡蛋时有出现，鸡蛋安全成了人们关注的焦点。国外是如何保障鸡蛋安全的呢？     

鸡蛋市场后市分析

国庆节后国内鸡蛋市场出现了下滑，结束了7月中旬以来的上升。这一轮下滑的原因比较复杂，节后需求降低是一个主要因素。此外，禽流感疫情过后，北方鸡蛋大量南运，鸡蛋价格自然涨不上去。第三，因鸡蛋价格上涨，原本该淘汰的蛋鸡也被留了下来，鸡蛋产量有所增加。     

鸡蛋对家畜的妙用

鸡蛋营养丰富,不仅对人体有益,而且在畜牧业生产上还有诸多妙用:1、提高家畜受胎率。在配种季节,每隔3天给公畜喂5个鸡蛋,能使家畜性欲旺盛,并改善精液品质,增加精子活动,从而提高受胎率。     

SPME-GC-MS分析皖西白鹅蛋挥发性成分

以皖西白鹅蛋的熟蛋清和熟蛋黄为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对皖西白鹅蛋的挥发性化合物进行测定和分析。结果表明,从皖西白鹅蛋的熟蛋清、熟蛋黄中分别检测出48种、24种挥发性化合物,鉴定到的挥发性物质主要包括烷烃类、烯烃类、醇类、酮类、酯类、含硫化合物、杂环类及硅化物等。研究结果为鹅蛋的品质和风味提供了重要的信息,也为鹅蛋的生产加工方式提供一定的参考。     

土鸡蛋中添加剂斑蝥黄的色谱质谱联用检测方法研究

本实验对土鸡蛋中斑蝥黄添加剂色谱质谱联用检测方法进行了研究,利用操作简便的液液萃取净化方法,使用Waters公司BEH C18反相色谱柱结合ACQUITY UPLC超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱联用仪对目标化合物进行分析测试,实验结果表明,在10~200 ng·mL^-1的浓度范围内,线性相关系数大于0.99,斑蝥黄的检出限为5.00 ng·mL^-1,定量限为10.0 ng·mL^-1,在10~200 ng·mL^-1的不同添加水平下,回收率为90%~105%,RSD≤5(n=6),方法快速准确可靠,灵敏度高,操作简便,可满足对土鸡蛋中添加剂斑蝥黄的检测工作需求。     

Consumers' willingness to pay for food quality - The case of eggs

The aim of this paper is to introduce an approach to estimating the marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for food quality and safety using data on actual consumer purchases. Marginal WTP for specific food product varieties can be derived from estimated demand functions by inverting the relations, thereby expressing the prices consumers are willing to pay as functions of quantity demanded. The task addressed in the paper is isolation of the WTP for quality attributes embedded in the varieties. Two models based on the AIDS-specification are proposed and discussed. To illustrate the applicability of the models, the case of five varieties of eggs is presented. It is found that Danish consumers are willing to pay a relatively high premium for improved animal welfare and organic production methods and somewhat less for food safety.     

Are Local and Organic Claims Complements or Substitutes? A Consumer Preferences Study for Eggs

This paper provides an analysis of consumer preferences for product claims, specifically about origin and production methods. In particular, it addresses two important questions: i) whether consumers are willing to pay a premium for food products carrying these claims; and ii) whether local and organic claims are complements or substitutes. A choice experiment designed to estimate two‐way interactions was undertaken in Spain for eggs. The findings show first, that consumers are willing to pay a positive premium price for an enhanced method of production (that of barn, free‐range and/or organic instead of cage produced eggs) as well as for the proximity of production (local, regional and national over imported). Second, the findings show that consumer preferences for the claims are heterogeneous with two consumer segments being identified: “origin preference”, the larger segment, and the “production method preference”. Results show that organic and local claims were complements for the larger first segment but that free‐range and local/regional claims were substitutes for the second smaller segment. These results provide the marketing chains with insights applicable for pricing strategies.     

Interaction Effects among Labeled Attributes for Eggs in the United States

New labels for food products continue to be introduced in the United States. This paper estimates interaction effects among labeled attributes for eggs to investigate cases where affixing labels of “premium” attributes would indeed gain additional premiums in the U.S. market. A latent class analysis identified four consumer segments (Attribute Seekers, Price Checkers, Local Supporters, and Combination Responders). Several interaction effects were sufficiently large in magnitude to neutralize the main effects, but differently for each segment. While the combination of certified-organic with cage-free or local label yielded negative premiums in certain segments, the premium Attribute Seekers were willing to pay were considerable. Across all segments, preferences for locally produced products were robust singly or in combinations. Consideration of interaction effects and consumer segments are recommended for effective labeling strategies.     

民国时期商检新政的推行与贸易危机应对--以出口蛋品为考察中心

商品检验是国际贸易中不可或缺的重要环节。20世纪初,我国蛋品出口数量迅速增长,由此引发的商品纠纷也愈加频繁,而检验环节几乎缺失。1928年南京国民政府颁布《商品出口检验暂行规则》,次年成立官方机构,开始实施自主检验。其中包括对蛋品建立出口标准,科学严格地执行检验;深入蛋品生产加工环节进行改良指导;主导实施蛋业救济等。这一过程不仅有效地提高了蛋品质量,减少贸易失利因素,而且对新旧变革期的蛋业及相关行业发展,增加我国对外贸易中的话语权都有重要作用。但由于战争和检验本身的不足,南京国民政府的检政实践最终未能完全化解蛋业危机。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食用油中7种抗氧化剂的方法研究

本研究利用高效液相色谱同时测定食用油中没食子酸丙酯(PG)、没食子酸月桂酯(DG)、没食子酸辛酯(OG)、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚(BHT)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟甲基苯酚(Ionox-100)7种抗氧化剂的测定方法,样品中的抗氧化剂经正己烷溶解、乙腈萃取后,经C18柱分离,乙腈-1.5%乙酸溶液体系为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。选择线性范围在1~100mg/L,结果表明7种抗氧化剂呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r大于0.999,方法的测定低限为0.8~2.0mg/kg,回收率在89.3%~110.1%,变异系数在1.5%~4.9%。该方法准确、快速、重现性好,可用于大批量食用油检测中7种抗氧化剂的定量分析。     

Organic‐ and Animal Welfare‐labelled Eggs: Competing for the Same Consumers?

To understand the market for sustainable foods, it is important to allow for heterogeneous preferences. However, most studies of consumer preferences for sustainable foods only investigate average consumer preferences. They do not take into account that some consumer segments attempt to purchase as much sustainable food as possible, others are almost indifferent to the notion of sustainable food, and still others consider sustainable food a complete hoax. The aim of this study is to explore the preferences for various types of premium eggs across three consumer segments. We conduct a choice experiment including 900 Norwegian consumers and perform a behavioural segmentation based on the frequency of organic food purchase. We find that the segment purchasing the most organic food is, as expected, willing to pay a significant premium for organic eggs over eggs displaying only enhanced animal welfare. However, most consumers, who only occasionally purchase organic products, are unwilling to pay more for organic eggs than for enhanced animal welfare eggs, suggesting diminishing marginal utility for additional attributes. We find that a third consumer segment attempts to avoid organic eggs, even when they cost the same as other eggs. Our findings suggest that organic products will be unsuccessful in acquiring a larger share of the market as long as most consumers are unwilling to pay a premium for organic products with all their cost increasing sustainable attributes over products that have only a single sustainable attribute, in our case enhanced animal welfare.     

胆固醇认知对城镇居民鸡蛋食用量的影响

目的 鸡蛋胆固醇与身体健康问题是人们关注的焦点,直接关系到人们的鸡蛋食用量。方法 文章基于消费者视角,根据实地调研数据,采用分位数回归方法实证分析了胆固醇认知对城镇居民鸡蛋食用量的影响。结果 （1）城镇居民基本上实现了每人每日食用一枚鸡蛋,与鸡蛋实际食用量相比,调研到的样本目前还未达到认为合理的食用量。超过2/3的样本认为食用鸡蛋会导致胆固醇摄入量增加,从而会影响人体健康。（2）经模型验证,胆固醇认知对城镇居民鸡蛋食用量具有显著的负向影响,说明城镇居民为了身体健康以及减少胆固醇摄入量,会有意减少鸡蛋食用量,而且城镇居民鸡蛋胆固醇的负面认知更容易促使其鸡蛋食用量控制在自认为合理的范围以内。结论 基于此,该文结合胆固醇认知等对城镇居民鸡蛋食用量具有显著影响的变量,提出了引导消费者科学购买及食用鸡蛋的对策建议。     

Abstracts of Second- and Third-Place Undergraduate Papers

There has been a high degree of differentiation of shell eggs in the last few years, likely due to historic decreases in egg consumption and growing interest in functional foods. The main variable that interests egg producers is the factor that compels consumers to pay more for certain egg attributes. Knowledge of this would allow producers to develop more effective marketing strategies. An intercept consumer survey was developed in order to elicit the effects of health consciousness and behavior on a consumer's intent to purchase eggs, and to purchase eggs with perceived health benefits. Survey questions pertained to the respondent's health consciousness, health behavior, demographic characteristics, and other attitudinal values. Multifactor health consciousness and health behavior scales were used based on those found in previous health and economic literature. The main focus of this study was to link demographics and attitudes with health consciousness and behavior of consumers, as well as linking health factors to egg consumption. Using average health consciousness and health behavior scores as well as Principal Component Analysis, health consciousness and behavior factors were calculated, and ordinary least squares regressions were estimated to link those scores and factors to demographic and attitudinal variables, and to link egg consumption to the health scores and factors, demographics, and attitudes. The Principal Component factors estimated were found to provide more explanation of egg consumption than simple health consciousness and health behavior averages. Consumers who are most occupied with their health purchase more eggs, those with relatively poor health behavior purchase fewer eggs and consumers who are concerned about the environmental effects of farm production in general eat more eggs.