渔药药效学专题讲座——第四章 驱虫杀虫药物的药效学(2)

<正>(四)盐酸氯苯胍粉(国标兽药品种编号:9080)1.制剂主要成分及化学名称为:盐酸氯苯胍;1,3-双[对氯笨甲亚氨基]氯基胍盐酸盐。英文名:Robenidine Hydroch Ioride Powder【制法】原料与辅料按比例混合而成。【用法与用量】拌饵投喂,每1kg鱼体重用本品40mg(按5%投饵量计,每1kg饲料用本品0.8g)。连用3~5日,苗种减半使     

渔药药效学专题讲座——第五章 环境改良剂与消毒药物的药效学(3)

<正>六、胍类消毒剂胍类消毒剂是因为其结构中有胍基而得名,目前在水产养殖中应用的胍类消毒剂主要是氯己定。(一)理化性状1.氯己定(Chlorhexidine)别名洗必泰,化学名称为l,6-双(正-对氯苯双胍)己烷。其盐酸盐为白色晶粉、无臭、味苦,非吸湿性,稳定,在20℃时,水中溶解度为0.06%,在沸水中为1%,微溶于醇;20℃时,在50%乙醇中溶解度     

30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂防治小麦纹枯病田间药效试验

小麦纹枯病是我国小麦生长期中主要病害之一。为较好地控制小麦纹枯病的发生危害。江苏东宝农药化工有限公司在国内首家研制开发出新型小麦纹枯病防治药剂——30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂,并于2006年在江苏省江都市开展了30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂对防治小麦纹枯病田间药效试验。以便验证其防治小麦纹枯病田间药效。确定产品使用剂量、使用效果以及对小麦安全性,为30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂推广应用提供依据。现将试验示范结果小结如下：     

渔药药效学专题讲座——第二章 影响药效的主要因素与合理用药原则(2)

<正>二、水产养殖动物生物学特性对药效的影响(一)水产养殖动物生理机理因素对药效的影响1.不同水产养殖动物类群对药效的影响水产养殖动物品种繁多,涉及的对象十分广泛,从软体类、甲壳类、鱼类,到两栖类、爬行类等,解剖、生理特点各异,不同种属动物对同一药物的药动学和药效学往往有很大的差异。(1)鱼类多数药物对各种鱼类一般具类似作用,但由于生理机能、生化特点以及进化程度不同,对同一药物的敏感性有可能存     

渔药药效学专题讲座——第二章 影响药效的主要因素与合理用药原则(1)

<正>一、影响药效的主要环境因素(一)水环境对药效的影响药物的药效作用强弱受诸多因素的影响,总括起来有药物、动物和环境三方面。渔药的使用环境是水体,因此,水环境的各种变量参数对药效都有一定的影响。1.水温对药效的影响     

30%苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑悬浮剂防治水稻纹枯病田间药效试验

纹枯病是危害水稻的主要病害。为较好地控制水稻纹枯病的发生危害,江苏东宝农药化工有限公司在国内首家研制开发出新型水稻纹枯病防治药剂-30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂,并于2007年在江苏省江都市开展了30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂对防治水稻纹枯病田间药效试验,为30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑悬浮剂推广应用提供依据。现将试验示范结果小结如下：     

2.0%甲维盐微乳油防治柑桔红蜘蛛田间药效试验

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)是从发酵产品阿维菌素B1合成的一种新型高效半合成抗生素杀虫剂,这几年在蔬菜、棉花、水稻上应用较多,为了探索其在柑桔上的防治效果,笔者以2.0%甲维盐微乳油为试材,对柑桔红蜘蛛的防治进行了田间药效试验,结果表明2.0%甲维盐微乳油1500倍左右在红蜘蛛田间虫量处于较低水平且在迅速上升时使用,采用喷雾法进行施药有较理想的防治效果。     

2.0％甲维盐微乳油防治柑桔红蜘蛛田间药效试验

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（甲维盐）是从发酵产品阿维菌素B1合成的一种新型高效半合成抗生素杀虫剂，这几年在蔬菜、棉花、水稻上应用较多，为了探索其在柑桔上的防治效果，笔者以2.0％甲维盐微乳油为试材，对柑桔红蜘蛛的防治进行了田间药效试验，结果表明2.0％甲维盐微乳油1500倍左右在红蜘蛛田间虫量处于较低水平且在迅速上升时使用，采用喷雾法进行施药有较理想的防治效果。     

如何对待亏损产品的决策分析

一、对亏损产品应否停产的分析生产多品种产品的企业,由于种种原因发生某种产品亏损是经常会碰到的。有些企业管理者认为,出现亏损产品一则影响企业形象,二则影响企业利润计划完成,应当将亏损产品立即停产。那么,对于亏损产品到底应否停产呢？下面举例分析后便有了决策依据。［例１］某企业生产甲、乙、丙三种产品,其损益情况分别为:甲产品盈利６７９３８元,乙产品盈利２９３７８元,丙产品亏损１３１６元,盈亏相抵净利润合计９６０００元。再假设:三种产品的销售量、单位售价及成本资料如下:项目产品甲产品乙产品丙销售数量(件)３０００２０…     

喷施农药要关注天气

给庄稼喷施农药防治病虫害时，除了做到用药对路、浓度适当、注意安全外，还要注意气象因素对药效的影响，才能经济而有效地防治病虫害。气象因素，如温度、降水、风速等都会影响农药的药效。其中温度、湿度对药效影响最大。温度对药效的影响表现为害虫和病菌的生理活动和药剂本身的物理化学特征两方面。害虫和病菌的生命活动随温度升高而增强，这时药剂也容易进入虫体和病菌体内。由于药剂分子扩散加强会加速药剂渗透害虫和病菌体壁的能力，从而提高了药效。对一些内吸药剂来说，温度也影响作物对药剂的吸收。例如，深秋使用乐果防治蚜虫的…     

黄酒中多肽的研究进展

本文综述了黄酒中多肽的分离提纯和功效的研究进展情况,特别是黄酒的抗氧化、抗衰老,降血压血脂、降胆固醇,免疫调节以及代谢功能,抗疲劳作用等功效,旨在梳理黄酒多肽当前的研究现状,进一步推动黄酒产业的发展。     

刺五加的研究进展

目的:对刺五加化学成分、药理作用以及分离提取方法进行简要介绍.方法:根据国内外有关文献按化学成分、药理作用、有效成分提取分离进行分类.结果:刺五加含有多种活性成分,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗辐射、抗应激以及抗疲劳等作用,现代科学技术在中药提取分离中的重要作用.结论:刺五加具有广阔的开发前景及药用价值.     

紫薯花青素研究进展

紫薯作为粮食作物和经济作物,在我国种植广泛。因其富含花青素类色素,具有降血脂、抗氧化、抗皮肤老化等生理功能,受到了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了紫薯中花青素的生理功能及其在食品中的应用,旨在为紫薯花青素的研究以及工业化应用提供参考。     

Cash transfer program and child underweight—Empirical evidence from a causal mediation analysis

Despite the existence of a voluminous literature on cash transfer programs, little is known about their impacts on the underweight of children. To fill the knowledge gap, this study uses a unique individual panel data set to analyze how participation in the Children Sponsorship Program (CSP) improves underweight status among needy children and adolescents in Taiwan. This study examines not only the program effect on children's underweight, but also underscores the potential pathways behind the program effect by employing a causal mediation analysis. Our analysis finds that exiting the CSP has a negative impact on the improvement of underweight status. Moreover, eating breakfast every day and receiving pocket money from parents can be two significant mediators that link the effect of exiting the CSP and the change in underweight status among children and adolescents.     

Self-initiated nature conservation by farmers: an analysis of Dutch farming

In Europe, the active contribution of farmers to nature conservation is mainly voluntary. Whereas participation in agri-environmental schemes (AES) has been studied in detail, less is known about self-initiated nature conservation. Given the alarming decline in species diversity and abundance in agricultural landscapes, it is important to explore this form of conservation in more detail. In this paper we report on the results of a survey of Dutch dairy and arable farmers. We conclude that a large majority of farmers conduct self-initiated conservation activities on their farmyards and fields with varying ecological impacts and impacts on farming system. Helping birds was the most often mentioned activity. Farm size, on-farm side activities (in dairy farming), organic farming, the quality of the surrounding area and the absence of external constraints have a positive effect on the number of activities. Intensity has a negative effect on both the number of activities and on the probability that farmers conduct activities with substantial ecological impacts. There is no unambiguous evidence of a ‘crowding-out effect’ due to participation in AES. More research in this area can help contributing to a maximal exploitation of the conservation potential by farmers and to creating synergies with agri-environmental policies.     

Effect of Experimental Design on Choice-Based Conjoint Valuation Estimates

In this article, we investigate the effect of several commonly used experimental designs on willingness-to-pay in a Monte Carlo environment where true utility parameters are known. All experimental designs considered in this study generated unbiased valuation estimates. However, random designs or designs that explicitly incorporated attribute interactions generated more precise valuation estimates than main effects only designs. A key result of our analysis is that a large sample size can substitute for a poor experimental design. Overall, our results indicate that certain steps can be taken to achieve a manageably sized experimental design without sacrificing the credibility of welfare estimates.     

The 4% rule: Does real estate make a difference?

This paper examines the wealth maximisation and preservation effects of including commercial real estate in retirement-phase portfolio management. Prior research addresses the role of real estate during the wealth-accumulation phase of the investor lifecycle; however, little is known about the contribution of real estate during the invest-and-spend, or decumulation, phase. To address this issue, we estimate short-fall risk based on the widely known 4% Rule. We use pricing data for multiple asset classes and simulation techniques, combined with a robust correlation structure, to examine: short-fall risk sensitivity to alternative spending rules; the impact of public vs. private real estate allocations; wealth preservation as an investment objective; and the effect of real estate on upside, or wealth maximisation, potential. We find short-fall risk in a decumulation portfolio decreases with substantial allocations to real estate. This result holds for a portfolio including either public or private real estate. Additionally, and under most conditions, the best performing decumulation-phase portfolios include a real estate allocation with both public and private real estate exposure. These results have significant implications for investors, whether they be retirees, plan administrators or endowments, as well as financial economists studying the lifecycle of investment decisions.     

蓝色碳汇：海洋低碳经济新思路

“森林碳汇”的减碳功能已广被人知,但是海洋的碳汇功能却鲜为人知。本文就海洋碳汇即蓝色碳汇,从其概念到发展的意义,从发展路径到产业链发展,作了比较具体而详细的介绍,并指出：蓝色碳汇是成本较低、技术可行、又可带来多种效益的减碳手段,不仅可以改善高碳环境,而且有益于发展我国的蓝色经济,可带来“双赢”效果。本文建议把发展蓝色碳汇,作为我国发展海洋低碳经济的新思路和新方向,给予大力支持。     

The role of education on the adoption of chemical fertiliser under different socioeconomic environments in Ethiopia

Studies on input adoption consider education as one of the most important factors that affect adoption decisions. However, very little is known about the spill‐over effect of intra‐household education on the adoption process and about the impact of education on adoption decisions under different socioeconomic conditions. We investigate these two issues using a discrete choice model. The results indicate that the decision making process is a decentralised one in which educated adult members of the household actively participate in the decision making process. This casts doubt on the traditional assumption that the household head is the sole decision maker. The results reveal that there is a substantial and statistically significant intra‐household spill‐over effect of education on the adoption decision of households. The results of the study also show that the coefficient of the education and the environment interaction variable is negative and statistically significant. This demonstrates that education and socioeconomic environments could be substitutes in modern environments and complementary in traditional ones. This implies that the expansion of education in traditional areas may be more attractive than in modern areas since education is usually the only means to enhance the ability of farmers to acquire, synthesise and respond to innovations such as chemical fertiliser.     

Micro insights on the pathways to agricultural transformation: Comparative evidence from Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Most studies of agricultural transformation document the impact of agricultural income growth on macroeconomic indicators of development. Much less is known about the micro-scale changes within the farming sector that signal a transformation precipitated by agricultural income growth. This study provides a comparative analysis of the patterns of micro-level changes that occur among small-holder farmers in Uganda and Malawi in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia (SEA). Our analysis provides several important insights on agricultural transformation in these two regions. First, agricultural income in all examined countries is vulnerable to changes in precipitation and temperature, an effect that is nonlinear and asymmetric. SSA countries are more vulnerable to these weather changes. Second, exogenous increases in agricultural income in previous years improve non-farm income and trigger a change in labor allocation within the rural sector in SEA. However, this is the opposite in SSA where the increase in agricultural income reduces non-farm income, indicating a substitution effect between farm and non-farm sectors. These findings reveal clear agricultural transformation driven by agricultural income in SEA but no similar evidence in SSA.